Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (199 page)

American antiquary who, in collaboration with E. G. Squier , did much to describe and document the Ohio mounds and earthen enclosures. Davis was a physician living at Chillicothe, Ohio , who did his archaeology in his spare time.
[Bio.:
American National Biography
, 6, 185–6]

 
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A series of more than 800 documents dating to the 1st and 2nd centuries
bc
and the 1st century
ad
which were found in 1947 in caves at Qumran near the Dead Sea in Israel. Written on parchment and papyrus, these documents were preserved because of the extreme aridity of the region. They are the religious writings of a Jewish sect known as the Essenes, and seem to have been hidden in the caves during the Roman subjugation of the Jewish Revolt in ad 68. The collection includes versions of all the Old Testament texts as well as sectarian works.
[Sum.: R. Eisenman and M. Wise , 1992,
The Dead Sea Scrolls uncovered
. Shaftesbury: Element]

 
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A general term for the waste flakes, chips, and spalls produced during the manufacture and maintenance of flint and stone tools. See
FLAKE
.

 
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The late Iron Age tribe living in northeastern Scotland in the region of the Black Isle north of the Moray Firth at the time of the Roman conquest. Little is known about their settlements or material culture, although it is in this area that Agricola fought many campaigns during attempts to bring the far north of the British Isles into the Roman empire.

 
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The late Iron Age tribe living in north Wales and the northern part of the Welsh Marches at the time of the Roman conquest.

 
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Déchelette , Joseph
(1861–1914)
[Bi].

French prehistorian and synthesizer of archaeological knowledge. He was born into a silk-weaving family and became interested in archaeology through his uncle, Gabriel Bulliot , who was excavating at Mont Beauvray. Joseph later took over his uncle's work and published the results in 1901. At the age of 37, however, he gave up his part in the family business and devoted himself to archaeology. He was the author of the first three volumes of the
Manuel d'archéologie préhistorique, celtique et gallo-romaine
(1908–13, Paris: Picard) which cover the prehistory and protohistory of France and adjacent areas of Europe. Déchellette was killed in action in the early days of WW1 and so never completed the third volume of his work, a task that was done by Albert Grenier . In 1915 he was posthumously awarded the Prix Lambert by the French Academy.
[Bio.:
Antiquity
, 36 (1962), 245–6]

 
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