Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (221 page)

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Authors: Timothy Darvill

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ear spool
[Ar].
An ornament worn in the ear lobe, sometimes of such weight that the ear might be stretched to shoulder-length.
early Archaic
[CP].
early dynastic period
[CP].
1
In Egypt covering the first and second dynasties and broadly dated to
c.
2789–2658 bc.
2
In Mesopotamia the Jemdet Nasr period through to the
AKKADIAN
period, broadly
c.
2900–2330 bc. The period is traditionally divided into three blocks, each of about 200 years: EDI–EDIII. The royal tombs of
UR
belong to EDIII.
early Horizon
[CP].
General term referring to the third of seven broad chronological phases recognized in Peruvian archaeology, succeeding the
INITIAL PERIOD
and preceding the
EARLY INTERMEDIATE PERIOD
, dating to
c.
900–1 bc. Embraces the currency of the
CHAVÍN CULTURE
.
early Intermediate Period
[CP].
General term referring to the fourth of seven broad chronological phases recognized in Peruvian archaeology, succeeding the
EARLY HORIZON
and preceding the
MIDDLE HORIZON
, dating to ad 1–600. A period when a number of distinctive local cultures emerged, including the
MOCHICA
and
NASCA
.
early style
[De].
The first subdivision of European pre-Roman Celtic art in Jacobsthal's scheme. Distinguished by three main elements: plant and allied motifs derived from Greek prototypes; geometric designs developed from local Hallstatt antecedents; and exotic orientalizing elements received either directly or indirectly from southern influences.

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