Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (689 page)

An enclosure boundary or fence formed using upright posts or planks set in a slot in the ground and perhaps fixed together at a higher level for additional strength.

 
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See
PALISADED ENCLOSURE
.

 
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Instrument of punishment in which the culprit was fastened by the ankles in a public place.

 
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Furnace area for a hypocaust.

 
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Stokes , Margaret M'Nair
(1832–1900)
[Bi].

Irish archaeologist specializing in Celtic and early Christian art. Privately educated as the daughter of William Stokes , physician to the Queen in Ireland, it was not until middle age that she was able to indulge her taste for research. She became an Honorary Member of the Royal Irish Academy and of the Society of Antiquaries of Ireland. Her most notable and important publication was
The High crosses of Ireland
(1898).
[Bio.:
Biography of British women
(1993, London: Mansell), 381]

 
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A single line, or two or more parallel lines, of upright stones set at intervals along a common axis or series of axes. The number and size of stones in known alignments varies, but the minimum number needed to form an alignment is three. Such structures are common from the later Neolithic and Bronze Age of the British Isles, northern France, and parts of Scandinavia. Amongst the most impressive is in
CARNAC
, France.

 
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The most ancient of the three subdivisions of the ancient past in the
THREE AGE SYSTEM
. Characterized by the use of stone for the manufacture of tools and weapons.