Congo (120 page)

    racial violence in, 82–83

    railroad in, 79

    stations in, 58, 60, 69, 74, 93

    talismans of, 74–75

    taxes in, 86, 88, 90, 94

Congo peacock, 13

Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, 172

Conrad, Joseph, 97

Conscience Africaine
, 231–33, 239, 256, 277, 303

copal, 4, 191

copper, 118, 119, 122, 137, 191, 265, 313, 345, 346, 358, 374, 526–28, 529, 530, 532

Cordy, Jean, 250, 251, 271

corn, 23

Cornelis, Hendrik, 222, 246, 250, 271

Cornet, Joseph, 118, 119

cotton, 137, 156, 157, 191, 293

Courtejoie, Jacques, 270–71

creuseurs
, 3, 455

Cruz, Celia, 348

Cuba, 325, 328, 371, 372

Cuisse de Poulet (dancer), 480–81

Curie, Pierre and Marie, 119

Cuvelier, Rev. Father, 221

Dadine (actress), 535, 538, 545–46

Dahomey, battle for, 186

Dallaire, Romeo, 523

d’Aspremont Lynden, Harold, 304, 307

death penalty, 160–61

Debus, Kurt, 366

de Gaulle, Charles, 182, 186, 241, 337, 522

De Gucht, Karel, 517

De Jonghe, Edouard, 112

Delcommune, Alexandre, 51

democracy, 512–13

Democratic Republic of the Congo, 11

    constitution of, 497

    corruption in, 468–71, 475, 483, 494

    economy of, 433–34, 442

    elections, 494, 496–98, 499–504

    and First Congo War, 431

    and Kabila,
see
Kabila, Laurent-Désiré

    lack of infrastructure in, 496–97, 503, 529

    life expectancy in, 440, 460

    media in, 488–89, 496

    military economy of, 458–59

    mineral riches of, 442, 443, 444, 449–50, 454–58, 467

    power blocs in, 494–95

    and Second Congo War, 439–62

    taxation in, 483

    transitional period (1 + 4), 467–71, 488, 493, 506

democratization, 364–65, 394, 395–99, 403–5, 449

Denard, Bob, 325–26, 341

Deng Xiaoping, 526, 540

De Rossi, Amadeo, 149

De Schryver, August, 257

Detiège, Madame, 225

Devlin, Larry, 300

Dhanis, Francis (Fimbo Nyingi), 80–81, 83, 103

Diagne, Blaise, 180

Diakuana, Pierre, 159

diamonds, 14, 15, 118, 120, 121, 164, 167, 265, 302, 305, 389, 444, 450, 456, 511

Diangienda Kintuma, Joseph, 143

Dibango, Manu, 348

Dillon, C. Douglas, 301

Dimitrios, Papa, 210

Dinda, Matthias, 135

Dingienda Wabasolele, Armand, 144

Diomi, Gason, 294

Diop, Birago, 27

Don João, 21, 22

Dorcas, Lungeni, 70–71

Dos Santos, José Eduardo, 445

Drachoussoff, Vladimir, 194–99, 203, 205, 291

Droeven, J., 138

drummed language, 20

DSP (Division Spéciale Présidentielle), 364, 386, 396, 404, 405, 409, 446,507

Du Bois, W. E. B., 180

Dunlop, John Boyd, 87

dysentery, 124, 415, 440

East Congo, 80–81, 83, 471, 473

East Germany, 309

Ebola virus, 416

Eboué, Félix, 186

École de Médicine Tropicale, 106, 111

education:

    corruption in, 388–89

    female students, 391

    and illiteracy, 510

    mission schools, 113–16, 169, 171, 175

    reforms in, 349–50

    and registration card, 218

    secondary schools, 218, 223–24, 323, 389

    secular, 240

    segregation of, 205, 206

    state-run schools, 355

    system destroyed, 460, 488

    teachers cut, 379

    university, 218

Egypt, 31, 38, 81, 183, 186, 187, 233

Einstein, Albert, 190

Eisenhower, Dwight D., 301, 304

Ekwalanga Abomasoda, Gérard, 354

elephantiasis, 106, 109

elephants, 31, 87, 457–58

Elisabeth, queen of Belgium, 190

Elisabethville, 123, 125, 182, 234

    Cercle Albert, 168–70

    elections, 238, 253, 264

    labor protests in, 192–93

    living conditions in, 164–67, 191

    as Lubumbashi, 332

    soccer in, 172–73

    Tshombe’s government in, 305

    uprising in, 293, 372

Emin Pasha, 81

England:

    British Commonwealth, 203

    empire of, 37, 52, 54, 57, 80, 130

    and First Congo War, 426

    and free trade, 53

    and Katanga, 312

    territorial disputes with, 59

Enola Gay
, 189–90

Enson (Chinese), 544–45

Équateur, 15, 96, 302

Equatorial Guinea, 258

Eritrea, 60, 183

ethnographers, 110–16

Etsou, Cardinal Frédéric, 402

EUFOR, 497, 502

Europe:

    colonization, 37–38, 46, 51–55, 201

    industrialization, 36–38

    lifestyle of, 67–68, 463

    nationalism, 37–38

    and World War I, 439

European Union, 473, 497, 500, 513, 524, 531–32, 556

évolués
, 214–19, 222, 224–26, 229, 230, 232, 233, 236, 239, 244, 246, 270, 293, 299, 324, 352, 387

Eyskens, Gaston, 262, 274

Failed States Index, 510

Feruzi, Camille, 168, 353, 355

Fiévez, Léon, 92, 93

financial crisis (1929), 156, 175

financial crisis (2008), 509–10, 532, 534, 541

First and Second Plundering, 409

First Congo War (1996–1997), 417-31, 439, 443, 445; map,
427

First Republic of Congo, 281–330

    administration of, 292, 301, 319–20

    army mutinies, 284–88, 294, 301, 307

    atrocities in, 287, 288, 289, 296, 302–3, 321, 324, 326, 507

    Belgian military invasion in, 293–99, 302, 309

    chaos of, 282–84, 287–88, 294, 301, 302–4, 323, 333, 344, 365

    civil war in, 320–25, 327–29, 336

    constitutional crisis, 303–5, 306

    constitution of, 274, 303, 319–20

    economy of, 293, 301, 329

    European exodus from, 288–93, 294

    formation of, 265, 302

    and independence, 262–66

    independence ceremony, 267–75

    infrastructure of, 265–66, 290

    Kasai secession (1960), 302–3

    Katangan secession (1960), 282, 294–98, 301, 302, 310–18

    map,
280

    Mobutu’s coups d’états, 282, 283, 304, 305–7, 330

    rebellions (1964), 282

    and UN, 282–83, 300–303, 305–6, 309, 326

    uprisings (1960), 293-96; (1964), 320–25

    violence against Belgians in, 296

FLNC (Front pour la Libération Nationale du Congo), 371

floggings, 91–92

FNLA (Front Nacional para a Liberação de Angola), 371

Force Publique:

    Africanization of, 287, 309

    as ANC, 287

    Arab campaigns, 80–81

    atrocities by, 88–94, 287–88

    as chaotic mob, 82

    creation and recruitment, 73, 76–77, 81, 98, 103, 112, 124

    effectiveness of, 470

    and First Republic, 284

    and Kimbangu, 149

    and mandatory migration, 110

    mutinies, 81–83, 193, 223, 284–88, 301

    and native unrest, 255

    punitive actions by, 155

    tax collection by, 88, 94

    and worker strikes, 192

    and World War I, 131–35, 139, 188, 201

    and World War II, 183–86, 188

Forces Armées Congolaises (FAC), 436, 470

Forces Armées de la République Démocratique du Congo (FARDC), 470, 514, 517, 523, 524–25

Forces Armées Zaïroises (FAZ), 419–20, 423, 425, 428, 436, 470, 521

Forces Démocratiques de Libération du Rwanda (FDLR), 516–17, 520, 522, 524

Foreman, George, 174, 346–48, 360–62

Forminière, 120, 121, 305

Forrest, Georges, 527

France:

    colonies of, 37, 51–53, 54, 57, 130

    and
droit de préemption
, 130, 373