Crimes and Mercies (45 page)

infant mortality,
34–5
,
190
; see also children

Inter-Allied Committee: 1942 meeting,
136

International Committee of the Red Cross,
60
,
86
,
149
,
157
,
177
; see
also Red Cross

International Historical Statistics,
111

Ireland, aid from,
156
,
157

Israel,
178

Italy,
2
,
5
,
29
,
31
,
76
,
77
,
78
,
153–4

Japan,
19
,
28
,
29
,
68
,
81–3
,
126
,
170
,
205

Jehovah’s Witnesses,
132

Johnson, Edd,
34

Johnson, Monroe,
141

Kaganovich, Lazar Moiseyevich,
72
,
133
,
205

Kaltenborn, H. V.,
190

Karlsruhe,
198
,
200–1

Kashirin, Andrei I.,
74
,
205

Katyn massacre,
71–2
,
82
,
128
,
133

Kent, Martha (née Schulz),
103–4

Keynes, John Maynard,
27

KGB,
62–3
,
66
,
69
,
77
; accuracy of records,
79

Kiel,
142
,
150
,
152
,
154

King, Mackenzie,
17
,
135
,
142
,
143
,
151
,
153
,
159
,
181
; against British domination,
22
; sends food to Greece,
89
; speech on ‘law of peace, work and health’ (1945),
25
,
39
; on wheat prices,
140

Kirichenko, Alexei,
194–5

Kirsch, Joseph,
54

Kitchener, Lord (Horatio),
4

Klein-Mahlendorf,
112

Klosterbrück,
98
,
100

Königsberg,
186
,
198
,
199
,
201

Krasnogorsk Gulag,
63
,
67
,
130

Krefeld,
155

Kreider, Robert,
153–4
,
158

Krische, Ernst Richard,
46

Krivosheyev, G. F.,
74
,
78
,
205

Kuttlau,
113

Labouheyre,
58
; archives,
84

labour: shortages,
148
,
149
; see also slave labour

Lambach,
45

Lamsdorf,
101

land confiscations,
91
,
94
,
147
,
176–7

Land of the Dead, The,
107
,
190

Landau,
35
,
198
,
199
,
203

Langenlonsheim,
40
,
49

Langer, William,
30–1
,
38
,
58
,
126
,
158

Lauben, Philip S.,
49
,
54–5
,
56
,
59
,
60
,
79

Legouest hospital,
54

Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich,
14
,
70

Life,
20

Littmann, Horst,
45

Lloyd George, David,
3
,
5
,
14

Lorenz, Konrad,
70

Lorenz, Wilhelm,
152

Lossen,
113

Löwenstein, Prince zu,
90

Lübeck,
150
,
155

Luck, Hans von,
80

Ludwigshafen,
155

Lutheran Church,
155

MacArthur, Douglas,
82
,
126

Mackenzie, William Lyon,
22

Magadan Gulag,
63

Maifritzdorf,
105

Maisky, Ivan,
166

Malik, Jakob,
82

Marburg,
167–8

Marburger Presse,
168

Marktoberdorf,
118
,
199
,
200

Marshall, George C.,
125
,
140
,
152
,
164

Marshall, Jennings B.,
55

Marshall Plan,
161
,
162–3
,
165
,
167
,
174

Marxism,
2

Maschke, Erich,
78–9

Medical History of the European Theater of Operations,
51
,
56

Meehan, Patricia,
130

Mennonites,
90
,
132
,
149
,
153–4
,
155
,
161
,
171
,
177

Middleton, Drew,
172–3

missing persons,
74–5
,
76–80
,
124
,
189–91
,
207–9
; Japanese,
82

Mission Militaire de Liaison
Administrative,
155

Mitchell, Brian R.,
111
,
118

Molotov, V. M.,
72
,
133
,
164

Molotov–Ribbentrop pact,
18

Moltke, Helmut von,
133

Monde, Le,
195

Montgomery, Bernard Law,
35
,
90

Morgenthau, Henry C.,
10
,
26
,
30
,
36
,
144–5
,
146
,
180
,
181

Morgenthau Plan,
25–32
,
92
,
120
,
152
,
164
,
169
,
174
; US senators’ opposition to,
30–2
,
37–8

Mückusch, Hermine,
98–9

Müller, Max,
50

Murphy, Robert,
117
,
126
,
147
,
159
; estimate of number of expellees,
191
; estimates of German death rate,
109
,
119–22
,
185–6
,
188–9
; on omission of prisoners from censuses,
209–10
; protests against conditions caused by expulsions,
177

Nazis,
175
; local resistance to,
128–33
; scientists,
131

Neisse,
101

New York Times,
20
,
172–3
,
195

Niederhermsdorf,
112

Niedersachsen,
157

Niemöller, Pastor,
130
,
133

nineteenth century,
1–2

Nitti, Francesco,
14

NKVD (People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs, USSR),
62–3
,
64
,
66
,
71–4
,
76
,
80
,
81
,
102
,
205–206

North Rhine province,
201

Nuremberg trials,
72–3
,
87–8
,
128
,
190

O’Brien, Conor Cruise,
177

O’Grady, Gerald B.,
165

oil,
23
,
144
,
148

OKW war diaries,
79

OMGUS (Office of the Military Governor, US),
165
,
169
,
210
; statistics,
108
,
109–11
,
114
,
119–20

‘Other Losses’,
56–7

Other Losses (Bacque),
51
,
52
,
55
,
75
,
191
,
193
,
194
,
196
,
204

Overmans, Rüdiger,
77
,
78
,
189

Paris Peace Conference,
7
,
12

Patterson, Brad,
117

Patterson, Robert,
9
,
165–6
,
175
; efforts to prevent famine,
125
,
138
,
139
,
140–1
,
143
,
152
,
158
; on US food surpluses,
141
,
142
,
147
; wish to release POWs from USA,
59

Paulus, Friedrich,
67
,
130

Perón, Juan,
142

Peters, Herbert,
50

Petrov, Ivan,
206

Pfalz,
202–3

Phillimore Report,
84

Pichler, Fred,
68–9

Plemper, Franz-Josef,
60

Poland: disputed territories,
94
,
176
; expulsions and atrocities,
20
,
98
,
101–2
,
105–6
,
123
,
150
,
190–1
; First World War aid to,
7
,
9
; invasions (1939),
17
,
18
; sacrificed by Allies,
24
,
25
; USSR and,
17
,
18
,
20
,
21
,
23
,
63
,
71
,
94
,
133
; see
also Katyn massacre; Silesia

Polanyi, Michael,
2

Poles, Free,
133

Poles, Lublin,
23

Pope, Maurice,
163
,
202

population, additions to,
187

postal service,
149

Potsdam agreements,
30
,
93
,
94
,
125
,
132
,
179
; Article XIII,
177
; condemned by Adenauer,
181

Potulitz (Potulice) camp,
103–5

Pradervand, Jean Pierre,
60

Pribram,
99

Price, Waterhouse and Company,
35

prices: policies,
139
,
140
; rises,
158

priests,
112
; murder of,
106

prisoner of war camps: conditions in French camps,
57–8
,
75
,
84
; conditions in US camps,
28–9
,
40–61
,
91
; death statistics,
56–7
,
75
; French takeover of US camps,
54–5
,
56
,
79
; Gulag,
62–71
,
130
; hospital deaths,
52–6
; in Poland,
102–4
; secrecy surrounding,
60–1
; three areas of death in,
52
,
56

prisoners of war: death rate (overall),
20
,
84
,
92
,
124
; death rate in US zone,
209–10
; First World War,
7–9
; France’s treatment of,
36
; Japanese,
40
,
68
,
82–3
; from non-German Axis countries,
63
,
77–8
,
207
; numbers captured by Allies,
40
; numbers captured by Americans,
78
,
79
; omitted from census data,
209–10
; in Poland,
102–4
; release of Poles in 1941,
63
; Soviet statistics,
73–4
,
78–81
,
84
,
102–3
; starvation of,
28–9
,
40–52
,
91
; surveys of,
74–5
,
76
; unaccounted for by US,
79
; White Russians,
72–3
,
133
; see also prisoner of war camps

propaganda,
171

protest movement, anti-famine,
93

Proudfoot, Malcolm,
114–15
,
119

public opinion,
180–1

Quakers,
132
,
155
,
177

Quebec Conference (1944),
27

Raabe, Herbert P.,
13–2

rail-car shortage, US,
140

rapes,
90
,
98
,
99
,
101
,
102

Rasmus, Hugo,
105

Reckord, Milton A.,
79

Red Army,
71
,
80
,
81
; acts of kindness,
105
; archives,
73
,
77
; atrocities,
99
,
101
,
106
,
113
; reports,
205

Red Cross: German (Deutsche Rote Kreuz),
29
,
33
,
34
,
151
,
154
; International,
29
,
58
,
71
,
84
,
88
,
111
,
149
; Irish,
156
; Russian,
81
; surveys of camps,
207
,
208
; see also International Committee of the Red Cross

Remagen camp,
60

reparations,
91–2
,
163–7
,
178

resistance movement, German: Allies’ attitude to,
129–33

Rheinberg camp,
50

Robertson, Norman,
135
,
140
,
159–60
,
161
,
175

Rommel, Erwin,
129

Roosevelt, Franklin Delano,
36
,
88
,
139
,
147
,
176
; on destruction of German nation,
129
; and Katyn massacre,
72
; and Morgenthau Plan,
27
,
28
; opposition to Hoover,
136
; and Polish territory,
94
; and USSR,
20
,
22
,
25

Ruhr,
27
,
46
,
110
,
149