Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China (171 page)
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Authors: Ezra F. Vogel
,
267
,
373
,
384
,
717
; Zhou Rongxin,
139
–
140
,
147
–
148
,
152
; Zhuo Lin,
32
–
33
,
43
–
44
,
49
–
51
,
57
,
378
Deng Yingchao,
26
,
86
,
141
,
159
,
160
,
239
–
240
,
277
,
557
,
570
,
607
Deng Yingtao,
724
Deng Zhifang,
33
,
44
,
58
–
59
,
67
,
423
,
669
Denmark, Chinese study tour to (1978),
221
,
222
Dien Bien Phu,
271
Ding Guan'gen,
622
Ding Zilin,
631
Discussion of Overall Principles, The,
125
Dong Biwu,
44
Dong, Pham Van,
281
–
282
,
286
,
289
–
290
Donovan, Hedley,
339
Dream of the Red Chamber
,
51
Du Daozheng,
849n44
Du Ruizhi,
800n37
Du Runsheng,
441
–
442
,
446
,
565
,
616
,
807n74
Du Xingyuan,
805n53
East China Army/Third Field Army,
34
,
35
East China Normal University,
709
East China Sea,
662
East Germany,
279
,
313
–
314
,
656
–
657
Eastern Europe,
274
; Chinese study tours to,
219
,
459
; under communism,
14
,
126
,
189
–
190
,
219
,
473
,
553
,
554
–
555
,
574
,
595
,
604
,
626
,
633
,
638
,
640
,
654
–
657
,
659
,
661
,
663
,
664
,
667
,
686
,
707
; economic conditions in,
126
,
218
,
459
–
460
,
461
,
473
Economic and Technological Development Zones,
419
–
421
Economic and Trade Office,
686
Economic conditions,
56
,
75
,
83
–
84
,
95
,
272
–
273
; in China vs. Japan,
55
,
113
–
114
,
300
,
303
,
305
–
306
,
308
,
434
,
463
,
475
,
550
,
576
; in China vs. Soviet Union,
473
–
476
; decollectivization,
386
,
392
,
445
,
474
,
711
; economic growth,
3
,
55
,
109
,
239
,
347
,
384
,
387
,
406
,
418
,
426
–
428
,
432
,
443
–
445
,
450
–
455
,
460
,
463
,
465
,
467
,
468
,
473
,
507
,
551
,
562
,
571
,
633
,
638
,
639
,
640
,
642
,
658
,
659
,
660
,
663
,
664
–
668
,
671
–
672
,
674
,
676
,
679
,
680
,
681
,
684
,
688
,
700
,
701
,
712
,
717
,
736
; famine,
41
,
435
,
441
,
442
,
445
,
448
,
738
,
744
; foreign direct investment,
185
,
223
,
309
,
322
,
395
,
396
,
397
–
399
,
403
,
408
–
409
,
411
,
414
,
420
–
421
,
490
,
673
,
688
,
710
; and imperial system,
10
; income inequality,
242
,
244
,
391
,
401
,
419
,
577
–
578
,
600
–
601
,
673
,
674
,
708
,
713
; individual household enterprises
(getihu)
,
390
,
446
,
447
–
449
,
577
; labor market,
405
,
409
,
420
,
458
,
710
; light industry,
110
,
224
,
239
,
370
,
389
,
407
; per capita income,
1
,
434
,
435
,
672
; unemployment,
448
,
473
,
601
.
See also
Agriculture; Coal production; Economic planning; Inflation; Joint-venture firms; Markets; Petroleum production; Special Economic Zones (SEZs); State enterprises; Steel production; Trade; Twenty Articles on Industry, The
Economic Development Institute,
458
Economic planning,
125
–
128
,
221
,
245
,
473
,
720
–
721
,
742
; indicative planning,
459
,
462
; vs. markets,
126
,
224
,
225
–
226
,
244
,
302
,
309
,
392
,
397
,
400
,
401
–
402
,
411
–
412
,
430
,
445
,
447
,
451
,
452
,
454
,
461
,
463
,
465
,
467
,
469
,
498
,
589
,
668
,
673
,
682
,
724
; planners/balancers vs. builders,
189
,
424
–
435
,
452
,
471
–
472
,
498
,
664
–
665
,
802n2
.
See also
Five-Year Plans; State Planning Commission; Ten-Year Economic Vision
Economic System Reform Commission,
455
,
745
Education,
445
,
452
; Deng Xiaoping's attitudes regarding,
97
,
124
,
137
–
140
,
141
–
144
,
145
,
147
–
148
,
149
,
151
,
155
–
156
,
197
,
198
,
200
,
201
,
202
–
204
,
205
–
207
,
353
,
355
,
384
,
387
,
388
,
458
,
465
,
524
,
525
,
644
,
660
–
663
,
674
,
698
,
702
–
703
,
704
–
705
,
706
; Ministry of,
138
–
139
,
202
,
203
–
204
,
209
,
455
; in science,
137
,
143
; university entrance examinations,
205
–
207
,
702
Educational Revolution Bulletin (Jiaoyu geming tongxun)
,
138
Empress Dowager,
11
Engels, Friedrich,
24
Enterprise Management Association,
309
,
462
Ethnic Chinese: in Hong Kong,
490
–
491
,
493
,
503
–
504
; in Singapore,
285
,
287
,
291
,
293
; in Southeast Asia,
285
,
287
,
291
–
293
,
399
,
402
–
403
,
420
–
421
,
446
,
456
,
474
Ethnic homogeneity,
474
Evans, Richard,
505
Falklands War (1982),
493
,
495
,
546
Fallaci, Oriana,
366
,
369
–
370
,
556
Famine,
41
,
232
,
435
,
436
,
441
,
442
,
445
,
448
,
738
,
744
Fan Shuo,
772n65
Fang Lizhi,
385
,
568
,
576
–
577
,
578
,
579
,
585
,
586
,
653
Fang Yi,
197
,
203
,
209
,
346
,
367
,
381
,
565
February 28 (1947) incident,
634
Fengqinglun
,
89
Finance and Economics Commission,
428
–
429
Five-Year Plans: 1st (1953–1957),
38
,
239
,
562
,
719
; 3rd (1966–1970),
742
; 5th (1976–1980),
125
,
128
,
156
,
452
,
453
; 6th (1981–1985),
208
,
432
,
451
,
452
; 7th (1986–1990),
460
,
468
Fok, Henry,
494
Ford, Gerald,
99
,
150
,
153
,
154
–
155
,
281
,
314
,
514
Ford, Henry, II,
336
Ford Foundation,
459
Foreign currency,
394
–
395
,
400
,
424
,
425
,
426
,
428
,
450
,
467
,
489
,
697
Foreign loans,
224
,
226
–
227
,
232
,
425
,
429
,
490
Foreign patents and copyrights,
709
–
710
Foreign study tours,
217
–
224
,
455
,
456
,
476
Forum on Principles to Guide the Four Modernizations (1978),
224
–
227
,
230
Forum on Science and Education (1977),
203
–
204
,
205
Four cardinal principles
(jiben yuanze)
,
262
–
265
,
350
,
351
,
360
,
555
,
570
,
579
,
581
,
582
,
584
,
588
,
591
,
608
,
627
,
642
,
658
,
726
Fourth Field Army,
542
Fourth Front Army,
731
France: Bayeux,
19
; Châlette-sur-Loing,
21
; Chinese students in,
8
,
18
–
23
; Chinese study tour to (1978),
221
,
222
; Deng Xiaoping in,
5
–
6
,
7
,
8
,
18
–
25
,
38
,
50
,
51
,
73
,
79
,
82
,
86
,
102
,
118
–
119
,
126
,
217
–
218
,
221
,
270
,
276
,
290
,
714
,
753n1
; Montargis,
21
; Paris,
19
,
21
–
22
,
38
,
86
; relations with China,
118
–
119
; during World War I,
18
; Zhou Enlai in,
5
–
6
,
21
–
22
,
23
,
73
,
86
Fraser, John,
253
Friedman, Milton,
454
Fujian province: conservative criticism of,
411
–
418
,
419
,
420
,
467
–
468
; corruption in,
413
; Deng Xiaoping in,
418
–
419
,
465
; economic conditions in,
396
,
398
,
401
,
402
–
403
,
408
–
411
,
419
–
420
,
666
; experimental zone in,
382
,
396
,
398
,
402
–
403
,
417
–
421
; Jinjiang Pharmaceutical Co.,
417
; TVEs in,
446
; Xiamen (Amoy),
398
–
399
,
418
–
419
,
421
; Xiang Nan in,
417
–
418
Fujiyama Aichiro,
300
Fukuda Takeo,
296
,
299
–
301
,
303
,
304
,
306
,
787n6
Fuller, Keith,
315
Furui Yoshimi,
434
Galsworthy, Anthony,
504
Gandhi, Indira,
277
Gang of Four,
102
,
138
,
160
,
162
,
194
,
232
,
248
,
260
,
262
,
315
,
350
,
356
,
369
,
726
; and April 5, 1976 demonstrations,
165
–
167
,
195
,
235
,
251
,
598
; arrest of (1976),
115
,
124
,
157
,
171
,
172
,
175
–
183
,
185
,
186
,
187
,
188
,
190
,
191
,
193
,
229
–
230
,
237
,
249
,
257
,
274
,
371
,
732
,
740
,
741
,
770n42
,
772nn63
,
65
,
773n4
; attitudes regarding Deng Xiaoping,
113
,
133
,
156
,
170
; attitudes regarding intellectuals,
130
,
202
,
203
; and ethnic Chinese in Southeast Asia,
292
; relationship with Mao Zedong,
76
,
82
,
101
,
111
,
116
–
118
,
123
,
124
,
134
–
135
,
136
–
137
,
140
–
141
,
147
,
170
,
173
,
180
,
188
,
191
,
252
,
292
; trial of,
183
; and Vietnam,
273
,
274
.
See also
Jiang Qing; Wang Hongwen; Yao Wenyuan; Zhang Chunqiao
Garnaut, Ross,
808n10
Garside, Roger,
167
,
254
,
769n8
,
770n42
Gate of Heavenly Peace, The
,
837n58
Gates, Thomas,
184
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT),
662
Geneva Peace Treaty of 1954,
271
Geng Biao,
191
,
194
,
503
,
539
–
540
,
541
Germany, Chinese study tour to (1978),
221
,
222
Getihu. See
Individual household enterprises
Giscard D'Estaing, Valéry,
119
Globalization,
322
Glow above the Sea, The (Haixia)
,
136
Gorbachev, Mikhail,
423
,
474
,
587
,
638
,
657
,
714
; 1989 visit to China,
609
–
610
,
612
–
615
,
616
,
618
,
619
,
649
,
655
,
834n44
Graham, Katharine,
315
Great Britain: Falklands War,
493
,
495
,
546
; and Hong Kong,
487
–
511
Great Hall of the People,
104
,
167
,
168
,
175
,
328
,
378
,
602
,
603
,
612
,
627
,
630
,
647
,
737
Great Leap Forward,
1
,
7
,
45
,
62
,
125
,
186
,
226
,
232
,
428
,
431
,
436
,
540
,
646
–
647
,
744
; Deng Xiaoping during,
41
,
42
,
367
,
388
; Deng Xiaoping's attitudes regarding,
56
,
361
,
388
,
423
,
460
,
659
; legacy of,
126
,
268
,
355
,
356
,
361
,
367
,
373
,
388
,
415
,
423
,
567
,
687
,
731
; Mao Zedong during,
41
–
43
,
61
,
87
,
240
,
243
,
247
,
259
,
356
–
357
,
367
,
368
,
369
,
373
,
718
,
721
Greece,
87
Gu Bo,
29
Gu Mu,
125
,
189
,
381
,
395
,
427
,
462
,
624
; during Cultural Revolution,
221
; as director of Special Economic Zone (SEZ) Office,
396
–
397
,
398
,
399
,
413
,
417
,
419
,
468
; on steel production,
111
–
112
,
113
; study tour to Western Europe (1978),
119
,
220
,
221
–
227
,
276
,
424
,
430
Guan Guangfu,
670
Guangdong province,
27
,
44
,
219
,
227
,
800n27
,
820n32
; as archetype of modernization,
421
–
422
; bribery in,
413
,
414
,
416
,
419
; building construction in,
406
,
409
–
410
; conservative criticism of,
411
–
418
,
419
,
420
,
422
,
467
–
468
; corruption in,
413
,
414
–
415
,
417
,
419
,
801n46
; Deng Xiaoping in,
394
–
395
,
396
,
415
,
418
–
419
,
422
,
465
,
488
,
519
,
664
,
670
–
677
,
678
; Discipline Inspection Commission,
413
; Economic Commission,
413
; economic conditions in,
382
,
394
–
399
,
401
–
418
,
419
–
422
,
446
,
666
,
670
–
672
,
679
,
687
,
734
–
735
,
750
; labor costs in,
420
; population growth in,
406
–
407
; Provincial Party Committee,
413
,
414
; Ren Zhongyi in,
407
–
408
,
414
,
415
–
417
,
418
,
734
–
735
,
736
,
800n37
,
801n46
; Shunde,
675
; Sixth National Games in,
422
; smuggling in,
413
,
415
–
416
,
417
,
419
,
467
; State Planning Commission of,
221
,
223
,
413
–
414
; toll bridge near Foshan,
422
; TVEs in,
446
; Xi Zhongxun in,
395
–
397
,
398
–
399
,
407
; Zhao Ziyang in,
743
,
744
,
745
; Zhongshan,
675
