Elizabeth's Spymaster (52 page)

37
It was normal practice to lay such effigies on top of the coffin in royal or high-ranking noble funerals up to the end of the seventeenth century.

38
A hearse at this time was a temporary wooden structure used in the funeral service, covered with candles, rather than its modern meaning of a vehicle to convey the coffin. Dethicke described it as ‘covered on the tips with black bays, garnished with escutcheons [shields]… of metal and beset with pinnacles from the top, on each quarter, most beautiful to behold. Whereupon was painted, on some, the Scottish arms alone and on others, the arms of France and Darnley impaled, and St Andrew’s cross.’

39
Dack, p.23. Melville was a Protestant. See ‘Paulet’, p.371.

40
Dack, p.24.

41
Afterwards they were hung over her grave and remained there, even though her body was later moved to Westminster, until 1643.

42
Dethicke charged £406 (£63,150 at 2005 monetary values) for making the hearse and the heraldic decorations and accoutrements used in Mary’s funeral. See NA PRO AO ½, 119/2. His final accounts for the funeral, now sadly torn and water-stained, totalled a further £700 (£109,000 at today’s prices), including
£8
12s 8d for a ‘strong chariot’ to convey Mary’s body to Peterborough;
£3
6s 8d for the purple pillow, fringed with gold, on which the wax image’s head rested; and £557 2s for the black velvet hangings in the cathedral. See NA PRO E 101/676/48. These charges were ‘not accounted in the determination of the [final] account made by Anthony Paulet esquire, for his late father Sir Amyas Paulet, deceased, who had the custody and charge … for the said funeral charges of the late Scottish Queen so that the said Garter stands charged for the said account’.

43
Scot, p.241.

44
Adam Blackwood,
Martyre de Marie Stuart,
Paris, 1644, p.703.

45
James wrote to the Dean and Chapter of Peterborough in 1612 about the exhumation of Mary’s body: ‘We think it appertains to the duty we owe to our dearest mother, that like honour should be done to her body and like monument be extant of her, as others, hers and our progenitors, have been used to be done,
and ourselves have already performed, to our dear sister Queen Elizabeth. We have commanded a memorial to be made in our church at Westminster, the place where kings and queens of this realm are usually interred and… we have ordered that her said body… shall be removed to Westminster to her said monument and have committed the charge of the said translation of her body from Peterborough to Westminster to … [Richard Neale] Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, [the] bearer hereof Mary’s body was removed from Peterborough on 12 October 1612. See Prescott-Jones, pp.xvii-xviii.

46
Payments for the tomb are contained in NA PRO E 403/2, 726 and 2, 727, and for its painting and gilding by James Mauncy in E 403/2, 735.

47
Clifford Brewer,
The Death of Kings,
London, 2000, p.151.

Appendix

1
CRS, Vol. II,
Miscellanea,
p.34 fn.

2
CSPF,
January-June 1583 and Addenda,
p.280.

3
Ibid., p.383.

4
CRS, Vol. II,
Miscellanea,
p.34 fn., and CSPF
July 1583-July 1584,
pp.66 and 75.

5
BL Harleian MS 286, fol.56.

6
CSPF,
August 1584-August 1585,
p.193.

7
CRS, Vol. XXI, Ven.
Philip Howard,
p.81.

8
CSPF,
July 1583-July 1584,
p.257. Letter dated 25 January 1584.

9
CRS, Vol. II,
Miscellanea,
p.204.

10
SPD,
Elizabeth, 1581–90,
p.207.

11
BL Lansdowne MS 153, fol.86.

12
Letter from Barnes to Walsingham, 17 March 1586. See ‘Cal. Scot’, Vol. IX, P.335.

13
SPD,
Elizabeth & James, Addenda, 1580–1625,
pp.267ff.

14
‘Cal. Scot’, Vol. VI, p.123. The letter is wrongly calendered as 1582.

15
Ibid., p.446.

16
SPD,
Elizabeth, 1581–90,
p.460.

17
Pollen, pp.xxxv-xxxvi.

18
CSPF,
1579–1580,
p.289.

19
SPD,
Elizabeth, 1581–90,
p.177.

20
SPD,
Elizabeth & James, Addenda 1580–1625,
p.184.

21
SPD,
Elizabeth, 1581–90,
p.32.

22
CSPF,
1577–8,
pp.493 and 675. He later made a landing in Ireland at Dingle Bay.

23
BL Cotton MS Galba E vi, fol.296.

24
Haynes,
Invisible Power,
p.47.

25
BL Harleian MS 287, fol.47.

26
Cited by Read,
‘Secretary Walsingham’,
Vol. III, P247 fn.

27
‘Cal. Spanish’, Vol. IV, p.123.

28
Haynes, p.44.

29
His confession to the queen is in BL Lansdowne MS 43, Item 47.

30
Coming from Bergamo in Lombardy.

31
BL Harleian MS 296, fol.48.

32
Pollen, p.liv and ‘Paulet’, p.119.

33
Haynes, p.13.

34
See his humble request to the queen about his debts in NA PRO SP 46/39, fol.293 and the stay of legal process against him on 5 October 1596 in NA PRO SP 46/40, fol.110.

35
Morris, Vol. III, p.169.

36
A letter in BL Harleian MS 286, fol.46, addressed to Jacomo Manucci, Walsingham’s trusted Florentine agent, signed ‘B.C.’ but in the same handwriting as others by ‘Pompeo Pellegrini’ is endorsed: ‘from Mr Standen’.

37
BL Harleian MS 288, fol.218.

38
He offered Walsingham’s wife Ursula £100 a year from his lands. See SPD,
Elizabeth & James, Addenda, 1580–1625,
p.66. The offer was rejected.

39
Richings, p.139.

Chronology