Empress Dowager Cixi: The Concubine Who Launched Modern China (68 page)

126 ‘
a giant in intellect
’
: Martin 2005, p. 219;
trade deficit
: Zhu Shoupeng (ed.), vol. 3, p. 2556;
Viceroy Zhang proposal
: Zhang Zhidong, vol. 1, pp. 661–7

127
Cixi deliberation
: Zhang Zhidong, vol. 1, p. 667;
‘This project has magnificent’
: Association of Chinese Historians (ed.),
The Movement to Learn from the West
, vol. 6, p. 262;
‘Textile making’
: First Historical Archives of China (ed.) 2005, vol. 1, p. 74

Chapter 12 Defender of the Empire (1875–89)

129 ‘
lost consciousness
’
: Zhu Shoupeng (ed.), vol. 1, p. 3;
Chun change
: Pujia, Pujie et al., pp. 210–14; Aisin-Gioro Puyi, pp. 7–8; Association of Chinese Historians (ed.),
The Movement to Learn from the West
, vol. 6, p. 186

130
Morse remarked
: Morse, vol. 2, pp. 328–9;
‘a soldier of fortune’
: Denby, vol. 1, p. 242;
Earl Li’s view
: Qing Government (ed.),
Tongzhi
, pp. 9136–8;
Marquis Zeng
: Qing Government (ed.),
Tongzhi
, p. 9137;
Chun’s view
: Association of Chinese Historians (ed.),
The Movement to Learn from the West
, vol. 1, p. 116

131 ‘
minding other people’s business
’
: Zeng Jize, p. 382;
Cixi endorsing Zuo
: Zhu Shoupeng (ed.), vol. 1, pp. 804, 917–19; vol. 2, p. 1838;
‘China’s new diplomacy’ and Queen Victoria
: Morse, vol. 2, p. 333;
Gordon advice
: Morse, vol. 2, pp. 334–5

132 ‘
ready for war
’
: Morse, vol. 2, p. 338;
Cixi conducting negotiations
: Zeng Jize, pp. 41–7; Zhu Shoupeng (ed.), vol. 1, pp. 855–6, 870, 896–7;
‘diplomatic triumph’
: Morse, vol. 2, p. 338;
Lord Dufferin
: Morse, vol. 2, p. 339;
Cixi illness
: Zhu Shoupeng (ed.), vol. 1, p. 936; Xue Baotian, pp. 50–116

133 ‘
begged to be excused
’
: Zhu Shoupeng (ed.), vol. 2, pp. 1679–82;
Cixi approach to Vietnam
: Zhu Shoupeng (ed.), vol. 1, p. 1213; vol. 2, pp. 1399–400, 1685–6, 1729–30,
passim
; Zhang Zhenkun, vol. 1, pp. 30–1, 44–5, 54–5

134 ‘
I can’t but worry
’
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 4, pp. 1787–8;
Prince Gong
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 4, pp. 1732 , 1737, 1775–7, 1787, 1790, 1811–15;
30 March 1884
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 4, p. 1816

135
dismissing Gong
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 4, pp. 1817–18; He Gangde, p. 9

136 ‘
hard to look back
’
: Dong Shouyi, pp. 433–40;
‘protracted war’
: Li Hongzhang, vol. 10, pp. 331–3;
‘totally unjust’
: Zhu Shoupeng (ed.), vol. 2, p. 1699

137 ‘
Have read it
’
: Li Hongzhang, vol. 21, p. 150;
Cixi withdrew troops
: Zhu Shoupeng (ed.), vol. 2, pp. 1744–5;
France demands indemnity
: Morse, vol. 2, p. 355; Li Hongzhang, vol. 21, p. 181;
not a sou
: Li Hongzhang, vol. 21, p. 199; Kong Xiangji 2001, pp. 344–8;
‘war is unavoidable’
: Zhu Shoupeng (ed.), vol. 2, pp. 1766–7;
‘When it comes to’
: Kong Xiangji 2001, p. 329;
overseas Chinese
: Zhu Shoupeng (ed.), vol. 2, pp. 1804–5

138 ‘
swept away
’
: Kong Xiangji 2001, p. 348;
Cixi orders ceasefire
: Zhang Zhidong, vol. 3, pp. 1917–22; Zhu Shoupeng (ed.), vol. 2, pp. 1912–14;
Vietnamese helping French
: Zhu Shoupeng (ed.), vol. 2, pp. 1729–30; Li Hongzhang, vol. 10, p. 418; Archives of Ming and Qing Dynasties (ed.) 1979a, vol. 1, p. 60;
‘If it had not been’
: Kong Xiangji 2001, p. 352

139
Patenôtre and Earl Li
:
http://history.cultural-china.com/en/34History6627.html
;
Cixi writes in crimson ink
: First Historical Archives of China (ed.) 1995, vol. 64, pp. 818, 821, 823, 840

140
annual revenue had doubled
: Shen Xuefeng;
ten million taels
: Li Wenzhi (ed.), p. 773;
Hart’s honour
: Zhu Shoupeng (ed.), vol. 3, p. 2570; Hart,
Letters,
1868–1907
, vol. 1, pp. 737–8;
the banquet
: Kong Xiangji & Murata Yujiro 2004, pp. 48–58;
Charles Denby
: Denby, vol. 1, pp. 241–8

Chapter 13 Guangxu Alienated from Cixi (1875–94)

145 ‘
I send you out
’
: Carl, pp. 192–3

146
Empress Zhen’s strokes
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 1, p. 259; vol. 2, p. 735; vol. 3, p. 1555; see the historian Xu Che’s investigation, in Xu Che, pp. 345–7;
mourning ban
: Zhu Shoupeng (ed.), vol. 1, pp. 1065, 1244; vol. 2, p. 1450; Hart,
Letters,
1868–1907
, vol. 1, p. 371; Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 4, p. 1751; Ding Ruqin, p. 242

147
Guangxu’s first lesson
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 3, p. 1191

148 ‘
sitting, standing
’
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 3, p. 1266;
‘I have been missing you’
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 3, p. 1327;
Guangxu’s education
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vols 3 & 4
passim
; First Historical Archives of China (ed.) 2005, vol. 1, pp. 69–75;
report from a governor
: from the First Historical Archives o China, Beijing, archive number: 04-01-14-0080-001; First Historical Archives of China (ed.) 1995, vol. 1, p. 73

149 ‘
don’t begrudge them expenses
’
: from the First Historical Archives of China, Beijing, archive number: 04-01-12-0528-062;
essays and poems
: Society of Manchu Studies (ed.), pp. 178–201

150
wooden horse
: Society of Manchu Studies (ed.), p. 195;
enterprising Dane
: Headland, p. 116;
stutter
: He Gangde, p. 16;
thunder
: Xin Xiuming, p. 31; Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 5, p. 2452

151
Cixi postpones retirement
: Zhu Shoupeng (ed.), vol. 2, pp. 2119–27; Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 4, pp. 2028–31;
Earl Li and Prince Chun
: Li Hongzhang, vol. 34, pp. 42, 47, 50;
Weng reaction
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 4, pp. 2030–1;
Guangxu reaction
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 4, pp. 2029–31, 2089–92, 2103; Lin Keguang et al., p. 27;
health deteriorated
: Zhu Jinfu & Zhou Wenquan 1982, no. 3; Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 4, pp. 2068, 2125; First Historical Archives of China (ed.) 2005, vol. 1, pp. 75–6

152 ‘
duty to the ancestors
’
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 4, p. 2103;
smashed glass and Cixi reaction
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 4, pp. 2201–2, 2211–2; Lin Keguang et al., p. 39;
‘
in a fury
’
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 5, p. 2503; cf. Headland, p. 202

153
‘reserved’ as empress
: Yehenala Genzheng & Hao Xiaohui 2008, p. 4; Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 4, p. 2231;
Duke Guixiang figure of scorn
: Pujia, Pujie et al., p. 94; Xin Xiuming, p. 85; Yehenala Genzheng & Hao Xiaohui 2007, pp. 164, 170–4; Jin Yi & Shen Yiling, pp. 295–8

154
5.5 million taels
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 4, p. 2255; Weng Tonghe 2005, vol. 2, p. 1051;
The grand banquet
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 4, p. 2261;
how Guangxu treats Longyu
: Rongling, p. 21; Headland, p. 202

155
Pearl
: Pujia, Pujie et al., p. 187; Xin Xiuming, p. 23;
French doctor
: Franzini;
Weng in Shanghai
: Weng Tonghe 2005, vol. 2, p. 1052;
Weng on church orphanage
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 4, p. 2311

156
Heaven’s warning
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 4, p. 2249;
Cixi’s meeting with the pair
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 4, p. 2256;
shelved the railway
: Association of Chinese Historians (ed.),
The Movement to Learn from the West
, vol. 6, pp. 274–6; Li Hongzhang, vol. 34, p. 634;
currency reform ditched
: Association of Chinese Historians (ed.),
The Movement to Learn from the West
, vol. 7, pp. 548ff.; Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 4, p. 2032;
ordered Guangxu to learn English
: Weng Tonghe 2005, vol. 2, p. 1056; Li Hongzhang, vol. 35, p. 324;
Weng’s dismay
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 5, pp. 2481, 2484;
speech problem
: Seagrave, p. 175; He Gangde, p. 16

157 ‘
period of slumber
’
: Morse, vol. 2, p. 394;
‘Audience went’
: Hart,
Letters,
1868–1907
, vol. 2, p. 837;
‘The foreign barbarian’
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 5, p. 2428

158 ‘
Railroads
’
: Seagrave, p. 175

Chapter 14 The Summer Palace (1886–94)

159
ultimate ambition
: Xin Xiuming, pp. 47–8;
‘strike’
: Yu Bingkun et al., pp. 158–68

160 ‘
all in the empire
’
: First Historical Archives of China (ed.), 1996, no. 80; Zhu Shoupeng (ed.), vol. 3, pp. 2414–15;
abandoned visiting Wutai
: He Gangde, p. 17;
told grandees
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 4, p. 2060;
Summer Palace cost
: Wang Daocheng 1994, no. 4; Ye Zhiru & Tang Yinian, pp. 1027–31; cf. Xin Xiuming, p. 47

161
some three million taels
: Association of Chinese Historians (ed.),
The Movement to Learn from the West
, vol. 3, p. 141; Wang Daocheng 1994, no. 4; Ye Zhiru & Tang Yinian, pp. 1029–30

162 ‘
the latest models
’
: Li Hongzhang, vol. 35, p. 213;
‘never seen such’
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 5, pp. 2879–80

Chapter 15 In Retirement and in Leisure (1889–94)

163
the Statutes
: First Historical Archives of China (ed.), 1996, vol. 14, no. 1164; cf. Mao Haijian 2005, p. 11;
reject an official’s petition
: First Historical Archives of China (ed.), 1996, vol. 15, no. 85;
first list sent to Cixi
:
Junjichu suishou dengjidang (Files of Documents that Passed through the Grand Council)
, 5 March 1889 ff.

164
stepped in over the railway
: First Historical Archives of China (ed.), 1996, vol. 15, no. 813; Zhu Shoupeng (ed.), vol. 3, p. 2646;
Weng against it
: Zhu Shoupeng (ed.), vol. 3, p. 2552; Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 4, p. 2323;
Guangxu shelved it
: Association of Chinese Historians (ed.),
The Movement to Learn from the West
, vol. 6, p. 274–6; Li Hongzhang, vol. 34, p. 634;
met with Grand Council
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 5, p. 2353; Li Hongzhang, vol. 35, p. 324;
tension with Guangxu
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 5, pp. 2353, 2446;
move into Summer Palace
: Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 5, p. 2447;
‘After my retirement’
: to Liu Kunyi, in Association of Chinese Historians (ed.),
The Reforms of
1898
, vol. 4, p. 301; Xin Xiuming, pp. 18, 21

165 ‘
In person
’
: Carl, p. 125;
eunuchs recalled
: Pujia, Pujie et al., pp. 189–90

166
Censors wrote to reprimand
: Zhu Shoupeng (ed.), vol. 2, pp. 2149, 2151; Weng Tonghe 2006, vol. 4, p. 2049

167
Longyu
: Carl, p. 43; Rongling, p. 22; Jin Yi & Shen Yiling, p. 150

170 ‘
Old Buddha
’
: Jin Liang 1998, p. 163; Headland, p. 85;
taking human milk
: Xin Xiuming, p. 41; Forbidden City Publishing (ed.), pp. 200–2; Carl, p. 48