Explorers of the Nile: The Triumph and Tragedy of a Great Victorian Adventure (76 page)

1
.
A History of the Southern Sudan 1839-1889
Richard Gray [Gray] 90-92.

2
.
Morning Star: Florence Baker’s Diary 1870-1873
Anne Baker
[Morning Star]
44.

3
.
Africa and its Explorers
ed. Robert I. Rotberg, Robert O. Collins chapter on S. W. Baker [Collins chapter] 166; Gray 95;
Ismailia
1 108-10.

4
. Florence Baker’s unpublished diary 27 Dec 1870, 16, 26 Feb, 14 Apr 1871 Anne Baker Collection.

5
.
Ismailia
1 220-83; Gray 96-8; Udal 11 129, 132; Collins chapter 166-7.

6
. Collins chapter 168;
The Acholi of Uganda
F. K. Girling [Girling] 152.

7
.
Ismailia
11 184, 187, 189; Collins chapter 168.

8
.
Ismailia
11 242, 257-8.

9
. Julian Baker’s diary quoted in
Baker of the Nile
Dorothy Middleton 192;
Morning Star
146;
Ismailia
11 269.

10
. Ibid 287.

11
. Ibid 293-304.

12
. Hall,
Lovers
198-201.

13
.
Ismailia
11 282.

14
. Gray 101-3; Baker to Gordon 27 Oct 1874 BL; Hall,
Lovers
202.

15
. Udal 11 141-2.

16
. Baker to John Baker 20 May 1873 quoted Gray 103.

17
. Florence Baker to E. Baker 29 Jun 1873, Gray 103.

18
. Udal 11 141.

19
.
Times
15 Aug 1873.

20
. Udal 11 141.

21
. Baker to Lord Wharncliffe 22 Oct 1869 Anne Baker Collection.

TWENTY-SEVEN: An Unheard of Deed of Blood

1
. Drafts of
NYH
letters 1 Jun 1876 RMCA.

2
.
Bishop Alfred Robert Tucker and the Establishment of the Anglican Church
Christopher Bryaruhanga
[Tucker]
55.

3
. Ibid 67-8.

4
.
The Story of the Life of Mackay of Uganda
J. W. Harrison
[Mackay]
164-5.

5
. Ibid 147.

6
. Ibid 187.

7
.
A Political History of Uganda
S. R. Karugire [Karugire] 64-5.

8
.
Mackay
263, 285, 178.

9
.
Mackay
183f.

10
.
James Hannington: First Bishop of East Equatorial Africa
E. C. Dawson 389.

11
. Tucker 59;
Mackay
282-3.

12
. Ibid.

13
.
The Emin Pasha Relief Expedition 1886-1890
Iain R. Smith 29-35 n 3, 4, 5.

14
. Jeal,
Stanley
317.

TWENTY-EIGHT: Pretensions on the Congo

1
. Jeal,
Stanley
238; Stanley to Strauch 8 Jan 1880 RMCA;
Scottish Geographical Society Magazine
Jan-Mar 1884, 42; Stanley to Sanford 27 Feb 1879 Sanford Museum.

2
. CD 9 Nov 1880, 27 ? 1881, 9 Mar 1880;
Brazza of the Congo
Richard West
[Brazza]
102-3.

3
. Treaty signed with Chief Kimpallamballa at Ntamo (Kintamba) 31 Dec 1881 RMCA.

4
. Jeal,
Stanley
522 n 8 for a list of Britons appointed 1882-3.

5
. Stanley to Strauch 11 May 1884; ibid n.d. 1884;
Brazza
130-1;
Avec Brazza
P. de Chavannes 182-3;
Sir Francis de Winton
M. Luwel (964) 167-9.

6
.
Africa and the Victorians
R. Robinson, J. Gallagher and A. Denny for the thesis that French resentment of the British assumption of sole power in Egypt led them to seek compensation elsewhere and was an essential driver of the Scramble for Africa.

7
.
Britain and Germany in Africa
P. Gifford and W. R. Louis [Gifford & Louis], see chap by Jean Stengers ‘King Leopold and Anglo-French Rivalry 1882-1884’; also in same volume R. O. Collins ‘Origins of the Nile Struggle: Anglo-German Negotiations and the Mackinnon Agreement of 1890’ [‘Nile Struggle’].

TWENTY-NINE: An Arabian Princess and a German Battle Squadron

1
. Smith 43-4 quoting memo of Wolseley 2 Oct 1886; Emin Pasha to Felkin 7 and 22 Jul 1886 pub.
Times
9 Dec 1886.

2
. Quoted in
Mackinnon and East Africa 1878-1895
J. S. Galbraith 114.

3
. Pakenham 290, 128.

4
.
The Exploitation of East Africa 1856-1890: The Slave Trade and the Scramble
R. Coupland 56, the author in a footnote claims the German’s name was Reute. But in the Princess’ wedding certificate her husband’s name is given as Ruete, as it is in the princess’s letters to Captain T. M. S. Pasley RN, Tim Jeal Collection. John Kirk in a letter to his fiancée, Miss Nelly Cooke, 26 Aug 1866 9942/4 NLS also refers to Mr Ruete.

5
. Rigby to Grant 1 Dec 1866 17910 NLS.

6
. Eldest son and heir of Admiral Sir Thomas Sabine Pasley Bart., Naval Commander-in-Chief at Portsmouth in the late 1860s.

7
. Kirk to N. Cooke 26 Aug 1866 (as above).

8
. Emily Ruete’s letters to Captain Pasley, Tim Jeal Collection.

9
.
Sweet Water and Bitter: The Ships that Stopped the Slave Trade
Sian Rees.

10
.
Memoirs of an Arabian Princess
Emily Said-Ruete 213-14, 220.

11
. Kirk to Mackinnon 17 Aug 1886 SOAS.

12
. ‘Nile Struggle’ 126; Smith 63-4;
England, Europe and the Upper Nile 1882-1899
G. N. Sanderson [Sanderson] 33-4.

13
.
Scotsman
28 Dec 1886;
Eccentricities of Genius
J. B. Pond 268-9.

THIRTY: ‘Saving’ Emin Pasha and Uganda

1
. Count Borchgrave to Stanley 7 Jan 1887 RMCA.

2
. A. B. Swinburne to Sanford 17 Nov 1886 Sanford Museum; SD 20 Mar 1887; Swinburne to Sanford 29 Sept 1887.

3
. SD 3, 6 Oct 1887;
In Darkest Africa
H. M. Stanley 2 vols
[IDA]
1 210;
Jephson
159;
Surgeon-Major Parke’s African Journey 1887-1889
T. H. Parke, ed. J. B. Lyons [Parke] 65;
My Personal Experiences in Equatorial Africa
T. H. Parke ^9-30; SD 15 Oct 1887; Stanley to Nelson 24 Oct 1887 RP 860 BL;
IDA
1 224-6.

4
. Parke 51.

5
.
IDA
1 137-8;
Jephson
113.

6
.
IDA
1 152, 162, 171; ;
Jephson
13; Parke 54-6.

7
. SD 29 Aug, 12 Sept 1887.

8
. Ibid 3, 6 Oct 1887;
IDA
1 210.

9
. Ibid 357.

10
. Ibid 374.

11
.
Times
29 Oct 1886.

12
. SD 1 May 1888.

13
. Stanley to Euan Smith 19 Dec 1889 in ‘Correspondence respecting Mr Stanley’s Expedition for the Relief of Emin Pasha’ Africa 4 (1890), C 5906 p 9. HM Stationery Office.

14
. SD 24 Aug 1888.

15
. William Bonny’s Diary 14 Oct 1888 RMCA.

16
. Ibid 26 Aug 1888.

17
. Ibid 7-27 Mar 1888.

18
. At end of small Jan-Jun 1889 Stanley notebook RMCA.

19
.
IDA
11 11i-14.

20
.
Ten Years in Equatoria and the Return with Emin Pasha
G. Casati 2 vols 11 159.

21
.
IDA
11 126.

22
.
Jephson
346-7, 399; Mackay to Stanley 5 Jan 1890; Stanley to Mackinnon 4 Feb 1890 SOAS; ‘Early Treaties in Uganda’ Sir John Gray, see Smith 266.

23
. Pakenham 352.

24
.
Jephson
407-9.

25
. Mss of
IDA
11 515-23; Stanley’s notes on Emin Pasha n.d. but 1890 RMCA.

26
. Mss of
IDA
11 520-i;
African Exploits: The Diaries of William Stairs 1887-1892
ed. Roy MacLaren 298 n.

27
. Stanley,
Auto
411-12.

THIRTY-ONE: The Prime Minister’s Protectorate

1
. Karugire 74.

2
. ‘Nile Struggle’ 122, 131-3.

3
. Ibid 150-i.

4
. Pakenham 416.

5
. Karugire 77-8.

6
. Ibid 79;
The Rise of our East African Empire
F. Lugard 2 vols 11 660-2.

7
. Ibid 332.

8
.
Lugard: The Years of Adventure 1858-1898
Margery Perham 2 vols [Perham] 1 198, 238, 303, 350.

9
. Pakenham 429.

10
. Ibid 429-30.

11
. Jeal,
Stanley
428; Harcourt to Gladstone 3 Oct 1892 44202 BL.

12
. Karugire 83-4; Pakenham 433.

THIRTY-TWO: To Die for the Mahdi’s Cause

1
. Perham 1 461.

2
.
The Zambesi Expedition of David Livingstone 1858-1863
ed. J. P. R. Wallis 416.

3
.
WLT
367.

4
.
Prelude to the Partition of West Africa
J. D. Hargreaves 338-49.

5
.
The River Nile in the Age of the British
Terje Tvedt 331 n 39, 341 n 175, 367.

6
. Details of Kitchener’s life from
Kitchener: Portrait of an Imperialist
Philip Magnus (1958).