Fear Itself (119 page)

National Resources Planning Board (NRPB), 216–17, 372, 374–79, 380, 383, 621, 622, 624

budget of, 375–76

National Retail Council, 243

National Science Foundation (NSF), 409, 439, 454, 455, 456, 457

National Security Act (1947), 421, 422, 426, 438, 439, 440, 445, 447, 645–46

National Security Council (NSC), 409, 439, 441, 454, 465, 470

National Security Resources Board (NSRB), 409, 439, 441

national security state, 409, 444

National Union, German, 110

National War Labor Board, 343

National Youth Administration, 176, 216–17

nation states, 18–20

Native Son
(Wright), 14

Native Sons of the Golden West, 339

Navy, U.S., 99, 406

Navy Department, U.S., 214, 219, 436, 437–38, 454

Nazism, 40, 106–7, 474

Fascism as counterweight to, 93

Neal, Claude, 167

Negro Affairs for the Civilian Conservation Corps, 200

Negro Federal Workers Employees Union, 200

Nehru, Jawaharlal, 5

Nelson, Donald, 344

Netherlands, 70, 277, 418, 593

Neumann, Franz, 50

Neustadt, Richard, 654

Neutrality Acts, 280, 291–92, 293–95, 296–97, 299, 302, 305, 309, 335

New Deal, 32, 59, 342, 475–77

African Americans and, 176

anti-Semitic slurs against, 57

books and articles on, 3–4, 10

broad government powers required by, 122–23

capitalism rescued by, 92, 231, 272, 471

class consciousness and, 369–70

compared to Fascism, 56

cross-sectional coalition of, 22–24

democracy secured by, 9–10, 25, 50, 128

as drafted by executive, 123–24

economic growth in, 369

Eisenhower’s silence on, 473

failures of, 233–34

fear and, 36, 37–38, 43

historiography of, 35–37, 246–48

Lippmann’s criticism of, 44–45

modern relevance of, 10–11, 18–20

northern support for, 183

origin of term, 487

as partially shaped by South, 15–16, 17–18, 23, 24–25, 95, 127–29, 152, 155, 160–61, 163–64, 165, 252–53, 378–79, 471–72, 542

planning emphasized by, 352

pluralist form of democracy under, 370

public as tired of, 378

racial segregation and, 17–18, 159–62, 172, 545

radicalism of, 247–48, 370, 444, 477–78

role of government changed by, 18–20, 36

separation of powers and, 123–27

three phases of, 160–61

totalitarianism and, 235–36

uncertainty and, 34

worldwide importance of, 5–7, 25

New Deal, First, 35, 247, 248, 249, 444, 477–78, 576

New Deal, Second, 35, 247, 248, 249, 576

purpose of, 35

New Deal in Action, The, 1933–1937
(Schlesinger), 35–36

New Freedom, 145, 146, 158

New Mexico, 203

New Orleans, La., 183

New Republic,
6, 55, 118, 531

New School of Social Research, 49, 93, 297, 319, 369, 496

New South, 157

Newsweek,
197, 201

New York, N.Y., 177

NIRA parade in, 227–29

race riot in, 218

V-J Day celebrations in, 405–6

New Yorker, The
, 415

New York Herald Tribune,
ix, 36, 118

New York Times,
54–55, 64–65, 66, 67, 83, 90, 122, 123, 167, 198, 228, 229, 232, 265, 293, 309, 331, 336, 351, 393–94, 403, 406, 431, 480

New York World,
86

New Zealand, 42, 418

Nicholas II, Czar of Russia, 358

Niebuhr, Reinhold, 18, 114–15, 415

Nikitchenko, Iola, 59, 71–83, 92, 95, 512, 513, 518

Nikolayev, Leonid, 80

Nitze, Paul, 452

Nix, D. W., 92

Nixon, Richard, 143, 295, 609

NKVD, 80, 356–57

Noble’s Club, 80

Nolan, Dennis, 242, 569

Non-Aggression Pact, 41, 79, 83, 94

Norris, Greg, 147

North Africa, 314, 355

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 418, 452

North Carolina, 136, 211, 253, 304, 394, 426

Northern Ireland, 64

Northern Pacific Railway v. North Dakota,
335

North Korea, 418, 451, 470, 472

Norway, 70, 277, 418, 593

Nourse, Edwin, 381

NSC 20/4, 448

NSC-30, 448

NSC-68, 451–52

Nuremberg, Germany, 350

bombing of, 74–75, 513

Nuremberg Laws, 69, 74, 109, 283

Nuremberg Rally, 291

Nuremberg trials,
see
International Military Tribunal

Nye, Gerald, 292, 568, 591

nylon, 406

Oakes, Guy, 463

Oak Ridge Scientists, 461

O’Brien, John Patrick, 66

O’Daniel, Walter, 93, 189

“Ode to Stalin” (Mandelstam), 77

Odum, Howard, 43–44, 158, 160, 166, 168–69, 186–87

Office of Censorship, 338, 341, 354

Office of Civilian Defense (OCD), 338

Office of Defense Transportation (ODT), 338

Office of Economic Stabilization, 343

Office of Naval Intelligence, 326

Office of Naval Research (ONR), 456

Office of Price Administration (OPA), 343

Office of Production Management, 323, 376

Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD), 323, 346, 347–48, 455, 642

Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 322, 406–7, 436, 439

Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, 139

Office of the Corps of Engineers,
349

Office of War Information (OWI), 321, 338, 341, 406

Office of War Mobilization, 343

Office of War Mobilization and Reconversion, 380, 430, 435

Ogburn, W. F., 373–74

Ohio, 37, 136, 177

oil, 177, 184, 230, 245–46, 396

Oklahoma, 136

Oklahoma City Black Dispatch,
341–42

Old Regime and the French Revolution, The
(Tocqueville), 11

Omaheke desert, 42

Onthank, A. Heath, 242

Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 346, 349, 351, 403, 404, 414, 420–21, 435, 453, 469, 482–84, 631, 638

Order 227, Soviet, 357

Order 270, Soviet, 357

Oregon, 339

Ortega y Gasset, José, 106

Orwell, George, 501

Osborn, Frederick, 420, 638

Oslo Powers, 593

Ottoman Empire, 42

Overman, Lee Slater, 326

Overseas Press Club, 413–14

Overton, John, 193, 538, 591

Overy, Richard, 108

Pacelli, Eugenio,
see
Pius XII, Pope

Page, Walter Hines, 145

Palmer, A. Mitchell, 325–26

Paperclip, Operation, 445

Parker, William, 157

parks, 88

Parliament, 41

parliamentary democracy, 12

Patman, Wright, 255–56

Patrick, Luther, 312

Patterson, James, 498

Patterson, Robert, 429–30

Patterson, Roscoe, 540

Patton, Nat, 212

Pearl Harbor, Japanese attack on, 217, 281, 287, 309, 316, 320, 321, 328, 333, 335, 337, 348, 422, 428, 439

Peffer, Nathaniel, 47

Pei, Mario, 56

pellegra, 171

Pennsylvania, 177, 212

Pentagon, 19, 368

Pepper, Claude, 86, 144, 181, 207, 209, 210, 211, 266, 271, 308, 378, 395, 455, 538, 565, 587

Perkins, Frances, 228

Perman, Michael, 146, 552

Peronist populism, 40

Pershing, John, 311

Pétain, Marshal, 274

Phelps, Orme, 389

Philippines, 41

Phillips, Ulrich Bonnell, 136, 137–38, 535–36

phosphate, 288

Piatakov, Grigori, 517

Pieck, Wilhelm, 472

Pilet-Golaz, Marcel, 40–41

Pittman, Key, 293–94

Pittsburgh Courier,
221–22, 342, 589, 609

Pius XI, Pope, 65

Pius XII, Pope, 65

Plane Crazy,
62

Pledge of Allegiance, 481

Plessy v. Ferguson,
133

pluralism, 108

Plymouth, England, 41

pneumonia, 171

Poland, 75, 105, 195, 278, 289, 302, 351, 356, 360, 361, 362

Katyn massacre in, 83

Nazi invasion of, 32, 40, 70, 92, 274, 276, 301, 302, 310, 313, 327, 335–36

Polanyi, Karl, 476

police, 88

Politburo, 80

poll taxes, 84, 86, 134, 142, 199–200, 204, 205, 209, 210, 212–14, 215, 427, 564–65

Porter, David, 586

Portugal, 104, 105, 277, 418

Post, Wiley, 61

Postal Savings System, 255–56

Post Office, U.S., 342

post-rational politics, 105

Potsdam Conference, 361–62, 403, 411, 485–86

Pou, Edward, 238, 239

Pound, Ezra, 93

Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr., 179, 342, 395

Power Elite, The
(Mills), 480–81

Pratt, John Lee, 595

Pratt, Joseph, 244

Pravda,
414

Price, Byron, 338

Price Control Act, 336

price controls, 216

price fixing, 241

prison reform, 84

Pritt, D. N., 517

Proclamation 2352, 335–36

Proclamation 2487, 336

production, 38

Progressive era, 162, 477

Progressive Party, U.S., 380

Prohibition, 149, 540, 578

property tests, 134

Prussian police, 98

Public Administrative Center, 93

Public Utility Holding Company Act, 162

Public Works Administration (PWA), 374

purge trials, Soviet, 77

racial mixing, 88, 141

racial violence, 39

in military, 218

racism, 7, 39, 42

see also
segregation

Radcliffe, George, 259, 387

Radek, Karl, 517

Radin, Max, 514

Radio Free Asia, 480

Radio Free Europe, 480

railroad regulations, 146

railroads, 391

Ramsay, Robert, 208, 211, 566

Ramspeck, Robert, 149, 459

Randolph, A. Philip, 138, 186, 386

Rankin, John, 85, 143, 178, 180–81, 198, 201, 203, 204, 205, 209–10, 214–15, 221, 253, 256, 368, 397, 427, 449–50, 644

Ransley, Harry, 236

Ras Desta Demtu, Prince of Ethiopia, 67

rationing, 216

Rayburn, Sam, 256, 257, 304, 329, 434, 444, 466, 475

Reagan, Patrick, 236

Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act (RTAA; 1934), 162, 252, 261, 264

Hull Trade Agreements Act (1934), 393

Reconstruction, 15, 90, 128, 133, 137, 140, 141, 142, 148, 157, 167, 177, 190, 283

Reconstruction Act, German (1934), 528

Reconstruction Finance Corporation, 307

Record,
143

Red Army, 59, 72, 82, 195, 357, 359

Red Cross, 68, 139–40, 220

Reece, Brazilla Carroll, 569

Reed, David, 12

Reichstag, 98, 108–9, 110–11, 113, 528

Remington Rand, 398

Report for 1942–National Resources Development,
378

Report on Economic Conditions of the South,
170–72, 548–49

Republican National Committee, 202, 214

Republican Party, U.S.:

African American votes for, 148

comeback in 1938 of, 151–52

Southern Democrat’s alliance with, 16, 193–94, 216, 329–30, 389, 478

Republic Steel, 173

Research and Development Board, 439

Retraining and Reemployment Administration, 368

Reuther, Walter, 424

Revenue Acts, 162, 345

Revolutionary Legality in the Contemporary Period,
81

Reynolds, Robert “Bob,” 14, 240, 285, 316, 538, 588

Rhee, Syngman, 468–69

Rhode Island, 212

Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 356

rice, 127, 264, 266

Rice, Stuart A., 543

Richardson, Robert, 97

Richberg, Donald, 232, 233, 237

Richmond Times-Dispatch,
157, 282, 589

Riefenstahl, Leni, 73

Riesman, David, 42, 46

right-to-work laws, 394, 396

risk, 33, 48, 51, 232

Risley, John Shuckburgh, 99–100, 523

Road to Serfdom, The
(Hayek), 374–75

Robertson, Donald, 627

Robinson, James Harvey, 104, 147

Robinson, Joseph, 163, 168, 266

Robinson, Samuel, 439

Rodgers, Daniel, 478

Rogers, Lindsay, 115–16

Romania, 105, 277

Rommel, Erwin, 214

Roos, Charles, 243

Roosevelt, Eleanor, 522

antilynching bill and, 167, 176

black rights supported by, 90, 167, 176

conscription defended by, 311

at luncheon for Balbo, 67

at NIRA parade, 228

Roosevelt, Franklin D., 48, 60, 71, 95, 348, 421, 423, 509

African American vote courted by, 178–79

antilynching bill and, 167, 168, 495

anti-Semitic slurs against, 57

arming of Britain and France promoted by, 302–4

Atlantic Charter issued by, 21

belligerants asked to avoid barbarism by, 351

broad powers desired by, 117–18, 121–23

call for collective mobilization by, 324–25

as coalition builder, 545

Cold War not foreseen by, 407

court-packing plan of, 151, 170, 178, 269

creation of NRA and, 228

“economic royalists” attacked by, 497

Economy Act desired by, 235

in election of 1932, 4, 85, 149, 150, 159, 249

in election of 1936, 265

in election of 1944, 217

federal government reorganized by, 93–94

FEPC created by, 218, 388

fireside chats of, 125, 195–96, 231, 236, 336–37

freedom valued by, 353–54

Hofstadter’s assessment of, 47

HUAC denounced by, 330

inauguration of, 5, 34–35, 37, 57, 98–99, 110, 112, 114, 115, 117, 120–22, 135, 196, 409, 471

internationalism of, 281, 287, 288

investigation of subversive desired by, 327

Lend-Lease pushed by, 306–7

limited emergency proclaimed by, 600

at luncheon for Balbo, 67

on meaning of World War II, 320–21

military buildup desired by, 274–75, 279, 281