Flapper (44 page)

¹⁰
“throw her arms”:
Kathy Peiss,
Cheap Amusements: Working Women and Leisure in Turn-of-the-Century New York
(Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986), 134–35.

¹¹
Louisa:
Peiss,
Cheap Amusements
, 70.

¹²
“one of the women”:
Peiss,
Cheap Amusements
, 70–1, 99, 108–09.

¹³
Ina Smith … and John Marean:
Ellen K. Rothman,
Hands and Hearts: A History of Courtship in America
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1987), 204–05.

¹⁴
“walking under the trees”:
Rothman,
Hands and Hearts
, 207.

¹⁵
Otto Follin and Laura Grant:
Rothman,
Hands and Hearts
, 206.

¹⁶
Marian Curtis and Lawrence Gerritson:
Rothman,
Hands and Hearts
, 223–35.

¹⁷
“going out motoring”:
Robert S. Lynd and Helen Merrell Lynd,
Middletown: A Study in Modern American Culture
(New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., 1929), 257, 524.

¹⁸
Muncie’s high school students:
Lynd and Lynd,
Middletown
, 257, 524.

¹⁹
“off and away”:
Rothman,
Hands and Hearts
, 294–95.

²⁰
By 1925 … in Muncie:
Lynd and Lynd,
Middletown
, 258.

²¹
the old order:
Beth L. Bailey,
From Front Porch to Back Seat: Courtship in
Twentieth-Century America
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1980), 16–17.

²²
“I’ll be patient”:
Rothman,
Hands and Hearts
, 230.

²³
“If I get much hungrier”:
Rothman,
Hands and Hearts
, 230.

²⁴
This new system:
Meyerowitz,
Women Adrift
, 35–36, 69.

²⁵
crude double standard:
Peiss,
Cheap Amusements
, 68.

²⁶
“If they didn’t take me”:
Peiss,
Cheap Amusements
, 54.

²⁷
“If I did not have a man”:
Meyerowitz,
Women Adrift
, 102.

²⁸
Consumer’s League report:
Peiss,
Cheap Amusements
, 55.

²⁹
MAN GETTING
$18
:
Meyerowitz,
Women Adrift
, 102–03.

³⁰
Clara Laughlin:
Peiss,
Cheap Amusements
, 112.

³¹
coed at Ohio State:
Paula S. Fass,
The Damned and the Beautiful: American Youth in the 1920s
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1977), 307.

C
HAPTER
4: F
LAPPER
K
ING

¹
“recognized spokesman”:
Frederick James Smith, “Fitzgerald, Flappers and Fame,”
Shadowland
3 (January 1921): 39, 75, reprinted in Matthew J. Bruccoli and Judith S. Baughman, eds.,
Conversations with F. Scott Fitzgerald
(Jackson, Miss.: University Press of Mississippi, 2004), 6.

²
“originated the flapper”:
“Novelist Loved Atlanta Girl’s Picture,” undated news clip, source unknown, F. Scott Fitzgerald Papers, Firestone Library, Princeton University [hereafter FSF MS], Scrapbook III.

³
“Flapperdom’s Fiction Ace”:
Bart Fulton, “Flapperdom’s Fiction Ace,” undated clip [ca. 1922], FSF MS, Scrapbook III.

⁴
“ ‘eternal feminine’ ”:
“The Expert on Flappers,” undated news clip [ca. 1921–1922],
Minneapolis Tribune
, FSF MS, Scrapbook III.

⁵
“To Scott Fitzgerald”:
Undated, untitled clip, source unknown, FSF MS, Scrapbook II.

⁶
“Transformation of a Rose”:
“The Parliament of Fools,” The Wellesley [?] undated clip, FSF MS, Scrapbook II.

⁷
“popular daughter”:
F. Scott Fitzgerald,
This Side of Paradise
(New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1920), 58.

⁸
“saw girls doing things”:
Fitzgerald,
This Side of Paradise
, 59.

⁹
“Mother, it’s done”:
Fitzgerald,
This Side of Paradise
, 59–60, 178.

¹⁰
forty thousand copies:
“The Bookman’s Monthly Score,” undated clip [ca. 1920], FSF MS, Scrapbook II.

¹¹
“Before he started”:
Untitled, undated clipping [ca. 1921–1922], FSF MS, Scrapbook III.

¹²
2.75 million:
Matthew J. Bruccoli,
Some Sort of Epic Grandeur: The Life of
F. Scott Fitzgerald
, rev. ed. 1993 (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1981), 125.

¹³
Main Street: Bruccoli,
Some Sort of Epic Grandeur
, 158.

¹⁴
Ardita:
F. Scott Fitzgerald, “The Offshore Pirate,”
Saturday Evening Post
, May 29, 1920.

¹⁵
Myra admits:
F. Scott Fitzgerald, “Myra Meets His Family,”
Saturday Evening Post
, March 20, 1920.

¹⁶
one in every five households:
Robert S. Lynd and Helen Merrell Lynd,
Middletown: A Study in Modern American Culture
(New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., 1929), 239.

¹⁷
more popular interest:
Paula S. Fass,
The Damned and the Beautiful: American Youth in the 1920s
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1977), 29.

¹⁸
number of children borne:
Steven Mintz and Susan Kellogg,
Domestic Revolutions: A Social History of American Family Life
(New York: Free Press, 1988), 51; Linda Gordon,
Woman’s Body, Woman’s Right: A Social History of Birth Control in America
, rev. ed. 1977 (New York: Grossman, 1976), 48. The average birthrate fell from 7.04 children in 1800 to 3.17 children in 1920.

¹⁹
birthrates fell across the board:
Fass,
The Damned and the Beautiful
, 61.

²⁰
Smaller families:
Fass,
The Damned and the Beautiful
, 58–59; Howard P. Chudacoff,
How Old Are You?: Age Consciousness in American Culture
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989), 92–116. The average household size fell from 4.7 persons in 1900 to 4.3 in 1920.

²¹
college enrollments … high school attendance:
Fass,
The Damned and the Beautiful
, 124; John D’Emilio and Estelle B. Freedman,
Intimate Matters: A History of Sexuality in America
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997), 257.

²²
the Lynds observed:
Lynd and Lynd,
Middletown
, 211.

²³
“that generation’s sex life”:
Fass,
The Damned and the Beautiful
, 21.

²⁴
“rather a joke”:
Lynd and Lynd,
Middletown
, 138.

²⁵
“petting parties”:
Lynd and Lynd,
Middletown
, 138.

²⁶
177 college women:
Geraldine Frances Smith, “Certain Aspects of the Sex Life of the Adolescent Girl,”
Journal of Abnormal Psychology
(September 1924): 348–49.

²⁷
“Girls aren’t so modest”:
Lynd and Lynd,
Middletown
, 141.

²⁸
Mrs. George Rose:
Mary Murphy, “ ‘ … And All That Jazz’: Changing Manners and Morals in Butte After World War I,”
Montana
46, no. 4 (Winter 1996): 55.

²⁹
“A Novel About Flappers”:
Promotional advertisement, FSF MS, Scrapbook II.

³⁰
“timelessness”:
FSF to Maxwell Perkins, May 11, 1922, in Andrew Turnbull, ed.,
The Letters of F. Scott Fitzgerald
(New York: Scribner, 1963), 158.

³¹
“Fitzgerald, Flappers and Fame”:
Smith, “Fitzgerald, Flappers and Fame,” 39, 75; “This Is What Happens to Naughty Flappers,”
Detroit Free Press
, undated clip [ca. 1922], FSF MS, Scrapbook III.

³²
“worth hearing”:
B. F. Wilson, “F. Scott Fitzgerald Says: ‘All Women Over Thirty-Five Should Be Murdered,’ ”
Metropolitan Magazine
58 (November 1923): 34, 75–76, reprinted in Matthew J. Bruccoli and Judith S. Baugham, eds.,
Conversations with F. Scott Fitzgerald
(Jackson, Miss.: University Press of Mississippi, 2004).

³³
“I sometimes wonder”:
“Fitzgerald and Flappers,” undated clipping [ca. 1922], unidentified Philadelphia newspaper, FSF MS, Scrapbook III.

³⁴
“a variety of subjects”:
F. Scott Fitzgerald,
The Crackup
(New York: New Directions, 1945), 25–27.

³⁵
“I wish to state”:
“Scott Fitzgerald Speaks at Home,” undated clip [ca. 1922], source unknown, FSF MS, Scrapbook II.

³⁶
“flapper is growing stronger”:
B. F. Wilson, “F. Scott Fitzgerald Says: ‘All Women over Thirty-Five Should Be Murdered,’ ”
Metropolitan Magazine
58 (November 1923): 34, 75–76.

³⁷
“broad moral views”:
Smith, “Fitzgerald, Flappers and Fame,” 39, 75.

³⁸
Parker’s whimsical poem:
Dorothy Parker, “The Flapper,”
Life
, undated clip [ca. 1922], FSF MS, Scrapbook III.

C
HAPTER
5: D
OING
I
T FOR
E
FFECT

¹
“toploftiness”:
F. Scott Fitzgerald,
The Crackup
(New York: New Directions, 1945), 86.

²
“all for taking a chance”:
Matthew J. Bruccoli,
Some Sort of Epic Grandeur: The Life of F. Scott Fitzgerald
, rev. ed. 1993 (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1981), 119.

³
“Terms, etc.”:
FSF to Maxwell Perkins, September 18, 1919, in Andrew Turnbull, ed.,
The Letters of F. Scott Fitzgerald
(New York: Scribner, 1963), 139.