Fordlandia (57 page)

8
. Lacey,
Ford
, p. 120; Brinkley,
Wheels for the World
, p. 174.

9
. Lacey,
Ford
, pp. 123–24.

10
. Neil Baldwin,
Henry Ford and the Jews: The Mass Production of Hate
, New York: Public Affairs, 2001, p. 39.

11
. Brinkley,
Wheels for the World
, pp. 157–58, 275–78; Baldwin,
Henry Ford and the Jews
, pp. 41–42.

12
. Stephen Meyer III,
The Five Dollar Day: Labor Management and Social Control in the Ford Motor Company, 1908–1921
, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1981, pp. 154–55; Lacey,
Ford
, pp. 129–31.

13
. Leonard,
The Tragedy of Henry Ford
, p. 108.

14
. Nevins and Hill,
Ford
, p. 604.

15
. David L. Lewis,
The Public Image of Henry Ford: An American Folk Hero and His Company
, Detroit: Wayne State University, 1976, p. 213.

16
. Peter Collier and David Horowitz,
The Fords: An American Epic
, San Francisco: Encounter Books, 2002, p. 49; Lewis,
The Public Image of Henry Ford
, p. 475.

17
. Collier and Horowitz,
The Fords
, p. 49.

18
. BFRC, Reminiscences, A. M. Wibel, pp. 1–7; Brinkley,
Wheels for the World
, p. 283.

19
. Charles A. Lindbergh,
The Wartime Journals of Charles A. Lindbergh
, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1970, p. 712; Samuel Marquis,
Henry Ford: An Interpretation
, Boston: Little, Brown, 1923, p. 153.

20
. T. E. Lawrence,
Seven Pillars of Wisdom
, London: Jonathan Cape, 1935, p. 6; Lacey,
Ford
, p. 127; David E. Nye,
Henry Ford, “Ignorant Idealist
,” Port Washington; N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1979, p. 71.

Chapter 3: Absolute Americanisms

1
. Lacey,
Ford
, p. 323; Brinkley,
Wheels for the World
, pp. 275–92; Nevins and Hill,
Ford
, pp. 279–99.

2
. “Commercialism Made This War,”
New York Times
, April 11, 1915; Ann Jardim,
The First Henry Ford: A Study in Personality and Business Leadership
, Cambridge: MIT Press, 1970, p. 131, “Henry Ford Still Thinks Soldiers Are Murderers,”
New York Times
, July 16, 1919; BFRC, Reminiscences, Irving Bacon, p. 26.

3
.
New York World
, July 18, 1919; “Commercialism Made This War,”
New York Times
, April 11, 1915.

4
. Nevins and Hill,
Ford
, p. 610.

5
. Barbara S. Kraft,
The Peace Ship
, New York: Macmillan, 1978, pp. 49–52.

6
. Philip Sheldon Foner,
History of the Labor Movement in the United States
, New York: International Publishers, 1994, p. 8; “ ‘Mr. Zero’ Befriends ‘Shorn Labor Lambs,’ ”
New York Times
, September 5, 1921; “Police Clubs Break Mobs of Idle,”
New York Times
, September 20, 1921. Ledoux would later go on to help organize the 1932 “Bonus Army” march on Washington, during the Great Depression. See “Bonus Army Digs In,”
New York Times
, July 18, 1932.

7
. Millard,
The River of Doubt
, p. 337; Theodore Roosevelt to Henry Ford, November 30, 1914, in
The Days of Armageddon: 1914–1919
, vol. 8 of
The Letters of Theodore Roosevelt
, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1954, p. 851.

8
. Brinkley,
Wheels for the World
, p. 190; “Roosevelt Urges Unity in America,”
New York Times
, May 20, 1916.

9
. Theodore Roosevelt,
The Winning of the West
, vol. 3, New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1894, p. 45; Theodore Roosevelt, “The Strenuous Life,” in Lewis Copeland et al., eds.,
The World’s Great Speeches
, New York: Courier Dover Publications, 1999, p. 345; T. J. Jackson Lears,
No Place of Grace: Antimoderism and the Transformation of American Culture, 1880–1920
, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981, p. 134; Howard K. Beale,
Theodore Roosevelt and the Rise of America to World Power
, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1956, pp. 37–38; John Judis,
The Folly of Empire: What George W. Bush Could Learn from Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson
, New York: Oxford University Press, 2006; David Nasaw,
Andrew Carnegie
, New York: Penguin, 2006, p. 650.

10
. BFRC, accession 1, box 135, “Pacifism”; “Ford Leads St. Louis Poll: Roosevelt Second in Straw Vote and President Wilson Fifth,”
Washington Post
, May 28, 1916.

11
. Reynold M. Wik,
Henry Ford and Grass-Roots America
, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1972, p. 167.

12
. Theodore Roosevelt to Henry Ford, February 9, 1916, in
The Days of Armageddon: 1914–1919
, p. 1022.

13
. “Roosevelt Urges Unity in Defense,”
New York Times
, December 6, 1915; “Roosevelt to Visit Detroit,”
New York Times
, May 14, 1916; “Roosevelt Urges Unity in America,”
New York Times
, May 20, 1916; Brinkley,
Wheels for the World
, pp. 230–31; Collier and Horowitz,
The Fords
, p. 87.

14
. Kathleen Dalton,
Theodore Roosevelt: A Strenuous Life
, New York: Knopf, 2002, p. 448; Theodore Roosevelt,
Righteous Peace through National Preparedness: Speech of Theodore Roosevelt at Detroit, May 19, 1916
, Whitefish, Mont.: Kessinger Publishing, 2006, p. 19.

15
. “Colonel Aloof, Ford Too,”
Chicago Tribune
, May 20, 1916; “Ford Answers Roosevelt,”
New York Times
, May 21, 1916.

16
. Brinkley,
Wheels for the World
, p. 233.

17
. “Roosevelt Bitter in Beginning War on the President,”
New York Times
, October 29, 1918.

18
. “Osborn Attacks Ford,”
New York Times
, June 15, 1918; “To Michigan: Not Ford,”
Chicago Tribune
, June 27, 1918; Theodore Roosevelt, “The Man Who Pays and the Man Who Profits,”
Washington Post
, August 11, 1918. See also Theodore Roosevelt, “Test Wilson by His Own Tests,”
Chicago Tribune
, June 26, 1918, and “Roosevelt Bitter in Beginning War on the President,”
New York Times
, October 29, 1918.

19
. BFRC, accession 65, Oral History, Irving Bacon, p. 45.

20
. Leonard,
The Tragedy of Henry Ford
, pp. 48–49.

Chapter 4: That’s Where We Sure Can Get Gold

1
. Leonard,
The Tragedy of Henry Ford
, p. 170; “Henry Ford Still Thinks Soldiers Are Murderers,”
New York Times
, July 16, 1919.

2
. Baldwin,
Henry Ford and the Jews
, p. 17; Ford was quoting “Locksley Hall” as late as November 1941. See Charles A. Lindbergh,
The Wartime Journals of Charles A. Lindbergh
, p. 555. For the Victor Hugo quote, see Albert Schinz, “Victor Hugo, le Grand Poète Humanitaire; Champion de la Cause de la Paix Universelle; Promoteur de l’Idée des États-Unis d’Europe,”
French Review
9 (November, 1935): 11–25.

3
. BFRC, Reminiscences, A. M. Wibel.

4
. BFRC, accession 1, box 12, folder 8; Marquis,
Henry Ford
, p. 58.

5
. Nevins and Hill,
Ford
, p. 605; Mary Dempsey, “Henry Ford’s Amazonian Suburbia,”
Américas
, March 1996, p. 44; Leo Marx,
The Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral Ideal in America
, New York: Oxford University Press, 1964, pp. 18, 241.

6
. Howard P. Segal’s
Recasting the Machine Age: Henry Ford’s Village Industries
, Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2005, is the most comprehensive study of Ford’s village industries. See also Wik,
Henry Ford and Grass-Roots America
, p. 159; Ney,
Henry Ford
, p. 80.

7
. “Soy Beans,”
Edison Institute of Technology Bulletin
, April 1935; Farm Chemurgic Council, “Proceedings of the Second Dearborn Conference of Agriculture, Industry, and Science, Dearborn, Michigan, May 12–14, 1936.”

8
. Collier and Horowitz,
The Fords
, p. 106; William Adams Simonds,
Henry Ford and Greenfield Village
, New York: Frederick A. Stokes, 1938, p. 235; Ney,
Henry Ford
, p. 79.

9
. Brian Cleven, “Henry Ford: Life and Logging,”
Michigan History
, January–February 1999; Ford R. Bryan,
Beyond the Model T: The Other Ventures of Henry Ford
, Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1990, pp. 118–29; William Stidger,
Henry Ford: The Man and His Motives
, New York: George H. Doran, 1923, p. 161.

10
. Bryan,
Beyond the Model T
, pp. 45–58.

11
. BFRC, accession 65, Reminiscences, Joseph Francois.

12
. Tom McCarthy, “Henry Ford, Industrial Conservationist? Take-Back, Waste Reduction, and Recycling at the Rouge,”
Progress in Industrial Ecology: An International Journal
3, no. 4 (2006): 305;
Ford Comes to Iron Mountain: The Birth of Kingsford
, np, nd (located in Iron Mountain Public Library).

13
. David L. Lewis, “The Rise and Fall of Old Henry’s Northern Empire,”
Cars and Parts
, December 1973, p. 92.

14
. BFRC, accession 65, Reminiscences, Oscar G. Olsen.

15
. Cleven, “Life and Logging,” p. 20; BFRC, accession 65, Reminiscences, Alfred Johnson; Bryan,
Beyond the Model T
, p. 119.

16
. Nevins and Hill,
Ford
, p. 219; BFRC, vertical file, Village Industries, General, 1920s, “Henry Ford Says Farmer-Workmen Will Build Automobile of the Future,” published in
Automotive Age
, August 28, 1924; BFRC, vertical file, Village Industries, General, “One Foot in Industry and One Foot in the Soil.”

17
. “Ford Plans a New York for Alabama,”
Chicago Defender
, May 20, 1922; “City All Mainstreet,”
Literary Digest
, April 8, 1922; Littlee McClung, “The Seventy-Five-Mile City,”
Scientific American
, September 1922.

18
. “Rush for Muscle Shoals,”
New York Times
, Febuary 12, 1922; “The Truth about Muscle Shoals,”
Atlanta Constitution
, March 26, 1922.

19
. Samuel Crowther, “Muscle Shoals,”
McClure’s Magazine
, January 1923; “Ford Determined to Secure Shoals,”
Atlanta Constitution
, March 18, 1922; Nye,
Henry Ford
, pp. 32, 84.

20
. “Ford Determined to Secure Shoals”; Nye,
Henry Ford
, p. 93.

21
. Lacey,
Ford
, pp. 128–29; Leonard,
The Tragedy of Henry Ford
, p. 26; Louis-Ferdinand Céline,
Journey to the End of the Night
, trans. Ralph Manheim, New York: New Directions, 2006, p. 194.

22
. Segal,
Recasting the Machine Age
, p. 76; Brinkley,
Wheels for the World
, p. 394; Lacey,
Ford
, pp. 368–70.