Forgery and Counterforgery: The Use of Literary Deceit in Early Christian Polemics (162 page)

Contra Felicianum Arianum,
51
n.
54

Contra mendacium,
535
–37

and criteria for authentication,
91
–92,
140
,
144
–45

De mendacio,
535
–37

on disputed authorship,
75

and forged letters,
83
,
140

on Jesus’ letter to Peter and Paul,
75

on letters of Paul and Seneca,
520

on lying,
134
–35,
535
–37,
542

and Manichees,
456

on motivations of forgers,
119

oracles of,
509

on Passion of Perpetua,
502
–3,
503
n.
58

prophylaxes of,
127

on scriptural integrity,
546
–47

on Sibylline counterforgeries,
352
–53

on Sibyls,
516

writings in name of,
2
,
51
,
51
n.
54
,
121
,
150
,
167

Augustus,
99
, 102,
509

Aulus Gellius,
80
,
119
,
138

Aurelian (Pseudo-Spartians),
26

authorial spirit of God,
38
–39

authority of authors,
85
–92

authoritative tradition,
42

and discovery narratives,
125

and imperative of authenticity,
85
–92,
117
,
137

as justification of forgers,
133

and lines of descent,
143

as motive of forgers,
119
–21,
150
–51,
153

Babylon,
241
–42

baptism practices,
404
–6

Bar Hebraeus,
452

Barcoph,
75

Barnabas (apostle),
52
,
263
,
317
–18

Barnabas, Epistle of,
52
,
75
,
149
,
163
,
331
–32,
338

Barth, Markus,
176
n41

Bartholomew,
397

Baruch (biblical figure),
72
,
73

Baruch, Syriac,
241
–42

Basil,
2
,
75
,
150
,
545

Basil of Caesarea,
477

Basilides,
75
,
404
,
461

Basilides, gospel of,
411
,
546
n.
41

bastards,
32

“Beggars” (Chionides),
50
–51

Birth of Mary,
19
,
20

bishops,
309
–12,
387

Blessed Virgin letter,
460

Bodmer papyri,
426
,
427

Book of the Watchers,
303

Book of Thomas the Contender,
152
,
412
–15,
413
n.
9
,
418
,
431
,
439

Books of Seth,
19

Brontinus,
86

Brutus,
93
n.
2
,
219
,
219
n.
53

Cadmus of Miletus,
50

Caiaphas,
314

Callimachus,
80

canon,
2
,
19
,
32
n.
8
,
89
,
143
–45

Capernaum,
245
n.
24
,
245
–46

Carpocratians,
23
,
58

Cassian, John,
538
–39

Castellius,
380

Catalogue of Ships,
62

Catilina,
99

Celer,
138

Celsus

on Christian Sibylline Oracles,
84
,
100
,
516
–17

criticism of Christianity,
23
,
60

on deception by God,
542
–43

and Protevangelium Jacobi,
5
,
151
,
488
,
489
–91

Cephas,
287
,
290
,
397

Cercops,
86

Cerinthus,
75
,
76
,
142
,
420
,
436

character defamation,
102
–4

Christian Acts of Pilate.
See
Acts of Pilate (Christian version)

“Christian” identification and persecution,
241

Chrysostom, John

on book of James,
284
n.
1

on deception,
135
,
545
–46

on Jewish holidays,
480

on Letter to the Laodiceans,
441

writings in name of,
51
,
150
,
532

Church History (Theodoret),
544

church orders,
384
–98

about,
384
–87

apostolic character of,
385
,
386

appearance of forgeries among,
149
–150,
152

on Easter celebrations,
388

polemical function of,
384
–87

on the role of the bishop,
387

on women in the church,
388
–90,
396
–98

See also
Apostolic Canons; Apostolic Church Order; Apostolic Constitutions; Apostolic Tradition; Didache; Didascalia Apostolorum; Epistula Apostolorum; Epistula Clementis

church organization and leadership related forgeries,
367
–406

Acts of Paul,
379
–384

on apostolic authority,
390
–96

on baptism practices,
404
–6

on charismatic-to-orthodox transition,
398
–400

on church offices and hierarchy,
377
n.
15
,
377
–79

on Easter celebrations,
388

on false teachers,
369
–74

Pastoral epistles,
152
,
203
–5,
208
,
367
–84,
400

on prophesy,
399
,
400

on proto-orthodox leadership,
398
–400,
401
–4,
404
–6

Pseudo-Ignatian letters on,
479

revelatory texts,
398
–406

on the role of the bishop,
387

on women in the church,
374
–77,
376
n.
15
,
381
,
383
–84,
388
–90,
396
–98

See also
church orders

Cicero

on discovery narratives,
125
–26

on Epicurus,
103

politically-motivated forgeries,
99
,
102

on rhetoricians’ lies,
56
,
541

and secretary hypothesis,
219
–22

Cinaethon,
61

City of God (Augustine),
516
,
519

Claudius I,
359
–361

Clement of Alexandria

on Apocalypse of Peter,
446
,
447

on the flesh,
418

on letter ascribed to Barnabas,
52

on Letter to the Hebrews,
49

on Luke’s authorship of Acts,
277

on Mary, Mother of Jesus,
486

on Onomacritus,
61
–62

and pagan criticism,
86

on Paul’s deceptions,
542

on Sibyls and oracles,
516

on 1 and 2 Timothy,
74
,
76
,
193

Clement of Rome

and Apostolic Constitutions,
15
–17,
19
,
392
,
393
,
395

and authenticity disputes,
74
–75,
76

and Barnabas,
317

and Epistula Petri,
305

and Hebrews,
88

ordination of,
309
,
310
nn.
61
–62

and Paul,
311
,
318

and Peter,
309
,
310
,
310
n.
61
,
311
,
318

writings in name of,
1
,
75
,
144
,
532

(
see also
Epistula Clementis; Homilies; Recognitions)

1 Clement

and Apostolic Constitutions,
17

authorship of,
75
n.
20

and 1 Corinthians,
430

false attribution of,
149

on the flesh,
430
,
430
n.
67

on ministry of Paul,
309

on Peter–Paul relationship,
311

and unity in church leadership,
258

2 Clement,
17
,
75
,
89
,
144

Clementine Octateuch,
150
,
385

Cleobius,
18
,
126
,
349
,
427
–28

coauthorship theory,
212
–13,
213
n.
39
,
220
–21

codex Claramontanus,
447

codex Fuldensis,
440

Cohortatio ad Graecos (Justin),
51
,
149
,
514
–15

Colossae community,
178
n.
47
,
180
–81,
182
,
261

Colossians,
171
–182

on angel worship,
180
–81,
261
,
304

authorship of,
172
–74

as counterforgery,
182

dating of,
155
n.
1

on deception,
541

as earliest forged writing,
171

Ephesians compared to,
172
,
174
,
183
–84,
186
,
188
n.
71
,
189
–190

Epistle of Jude compared to,
304

eschatological theme of,
152
,
170
n.
30
,
171
,
176
–77,
177
n.
42
,
178
,
181
,
181
n.
53
,
216
,
228
,
236
,
262

evidence of forgery,
174
n.
39
,
174
–78,
178
n.
44

on false teachers,
179
–82

and Letter to the Laodiceans,
105
,
441
,
443
–44

and motivations of forgers,
106

and secretary hypothesis,
219
,
220

theology of,
177

writing style of,
161
,
162
,
174
–76,
176
n.
41
,
183
–85

Commentary on John (Origen),
71
n.
6
,
544

Commentary on Matthew (Origen),
486

commissioned writings,
221
,
248

“Concerning the Genuine and Forged Writings of Hippocrates” (Galen),
116
–17

Conferences (Cassian),
538
–39

Constantine,
517
n.
85
,
517
–18,
530

Contra Celsum (Origen),
338
,
516
–17,
542
–43

Contra Felicianum Arianum (Augustine),
51
n.
54

Contra mendacium (Augustine),
535
–37

Contra Sabellianos et Arium et Anomoeos (Basil of Caesarea),
477

controversies, forgeries arising from,
455
–80

Abgar Correspondence,
455
–58

Pseudo-Clementine literature,
458
–60

See also
Pseudo-Ignatian letters

Coptic Apocalypse of Peter.
See
Apocalypse of Peter, Coptic

Coptic Gospel of Thomas.
See
Thomas, gospel of

copyists and recopying process,
61
,
62
n.
82
,
64
–67

Corinthian congregation

apocalyptic concerns of,
155
,
176

church organization and leadership in,
400

and 1 Clement,
311

and 3 Corinthians,
427

leadership in,
258

opposition to Paul in,
216
,
236
,
281
,
427

organization of,
203
–5

1 Corinthians

absence of “borrowings” in,
160

and 1 Clement,
430

on conflicting viewpoints,
173

and 3 Corinthians,
428
–29

Epistle of James compared to,
293
n.
19

eschatological theme of,
151
,
155
,
163
,
164
–65,
178
,
185
,
216

on false teachers,
207

on the flesh,
431

on foods,
208

on forgiveness of sins,
177
n.
43

and Gospel of Thomas,
232

interpolations in,
376
–77,
377
n.
14

and intertextual interpretations,
376

on James (apostle),
290

on marriage and sexual relations,
372

narrative voice in,
271

on salvation,
187
n.
69