Read Forgery and Counterforgery: The Use of Literary Deceit in Early Christian Polemics Online
Authors: Bart D. Ehrman
Forgery and Counterforgery: The Use of Literary Deceit in Early Christian Polemics (171 page)
on foods,
208
on forgiveness of sins,
177
,
177
n.
43
on Hermas,
48
on Jewish Law,
206
and Letter to the Galatians,
160
oath in,
207
and secretary hypothesis,
218
on women in the church,
376
n.
14
,
383
–84
Rome,
241
–42
Rufinus
and criteria for authentication,
142
and De recta in deum fide,
49
on disputed authorship,
75
and falsifications,
64
–65
on falsifications of writings,
63
–64,
120
and forged letters,
83
on Recognitions,
459
on Tertullian,
128
Rufus,
221
Sabbath,
340
–41
Sabellianism,
467
,
471
–72,
473
,
474
,
476
–78
Sachkritik
, theological,
141
–42
Salvian of Marseille,
84
,
94
–96,
119
–20,
133
,
548
Samuel,
50
Sarpedon,
139
sea-voyage narration conventions,
269
–70,
276
Second Treatise of the Great Seth,
20
,
365
,
406
,
411
secretary hypothesis,
218
–22
for 1 Peter,
248
–49
scholarly perspectives on,
218
n.
50
and writing style differences,
161
,
185
Seneca
and apologetic forgeries,
101
and authority of authors,
85
–86
on Epicurean writings,
107
–8
and literary fictions,
45
,
45
n.
35
and Paul,
1
–2,
101
,
149
,
153
,
520
–27
and secretary hypothesis,
220
Seneca the Elder,
85
separationism,
409
Septuagint,
247
Serapion’s condemnation of Gospel of Peter
and Akhmim fragment,
327
and criteria for authorial authenticity,
90
and docetism charges,
90
,
142
,
324
,
327
,
450
and early orthodox criticism,
150
and pseudepigraphy charges,
75
,
76
sermons,
75
Seth, books of,
150
Severus Chronicle (Sulpicius Severus),
71
Sextus Emiricus,
135
sexual rituals and deviancies,
20
–21,
22
n.
29
Shem,
404
–6
Shepherd of Hermas
and homonymity issue,
48
orthonymous status of,
32
n.
8
,
74
n.
16
Sibyl reference in,
514
on truthfulness,
541
–42
Sibylline Oracles,
508
–19
as apologetic forgeries,
513
–18
as Christian creations,
128
,
512
–13
Christian interpolations of,
510
–12
as counter-forgeries,
518
–19
numbering of,
508
Sidon,
71
Silvanus,
248
–49,
251
,
251
n.
41
,
254
,
256
Simon (false teacher),
18
,
126
,
349
,
427
–28,
436
Simon Magus,
313
–14,
315
,
315
n.
72
,
316
,
360
,
392
Simon Peter.
See
Peter (apostle)
Simonides,
81
Simplicius,
79
Smyrneans (Ignatius),
420
–21,
462
,
473
,
474
,
477
,
479
Socrates,
53
,
70
,
70
n.
2
,
104
,
135
,
539
–40
Socratic epistles,
44
Solomon,
35
,
40
,
71
,
71
n.
6
,
123
,
264
Solon,
62
Sophia of Jesus Christ,
437
Spartans,
100
–101
Spartianus, Pseudo-,
26
speeches,
55
–58
Stephen,
251
Strabo,
62
Strato,
81
Stromateis (Clement),
74
,
76
,
193
,
277
,
418
,
486
,
542
,
543
students of philosophy,
105
,
114
–15,
173
.
See also
philosophical schools, forgery in
style, literary,
138
–39
suffering
Acts of the Apostles on,
257
–58,
263
Erasmus’s views on,
25
of Jesus,
177
,
255
n.
54
,
257
,
408
–11,
409
n.
3
,
421
Paul’s views on,
255
n.
54
,
259
n.
59
persecution of Christians,
241
1 Peter on,
254
,
255
n.
54
,
256
–59,
259
n.
59
,
483
,
484
Suron King of Tyre,
71
Sybilline Oracles.
See
oracles
Tacitus,
241
Tarsians (Pseudo-Ignatius),
461
,
462
,
469
,
470
–71,
474
,
479
Tatian,
193
techniques of forgers,
121
–28
and deceptive intentions of forgers,
131
–32
first-person narratives,
123
imitation of style,
121
–22
interpolations,
128
material and literary prophylaxes,
127
–28,
131
verisimilitudes,
122
–23
warnings against forgeries,
126
–27
Tel Hum,
245
Temple, destruction of,
242
Tertullian
and Acts of Paul,
132
–33,
379
,
380
,
382
,
383
on Acts of the Apostles,
277
Adversus omnes haereses,
51
,
149
anti-Jewish writings of,
332
on authority of canonical Gospels,
91
,
117
–18,
143
,
188
n.
70
on authorship of gospels,
51
–52
on fabrications,
59
–60,
60
n.
75
,
76
,
84
on Johannine writings,
423
on Letter to the Laodiceans,
440
on martyrs,
508
on Passion of Perpetua,
503
n.
58
and Pastoral epistles,
193
on Pilate,
351
and Pilate cycle works,
358
and Pseudo-Ignatian letters,
461
and Seneca,
527
writing of, interpolated into Cyprian’s work,
120
,
128
Thaddeus,
363
Thales,
81
“The Heroes’ Sons” (Homer),
50
Themistogenes,
30
Theodosius Augustus,
125
Theodotus,
461
Theophilus
and Acts dedication,
265
,
277
,
482
and criteria for authentication,
90
,
139
on eyewitness testimony,
275
on Sibyls and oracles,
516
Theopompus,
102
Thespis,
12
1 Thessalonians
Acts of the Apostles compared to,
267
as earliest orthonymous writing,
156
eschatological theme of,
151
,
155
,
156
,
163
,
165
,
166
,
169
,
170
,
259
n.
59
and Gospel of Thomas,
232
motivations of Paul,
4
–5
referenced in 2 Thessalonians,
168
–70
2 Thessalonians compared to,
156
–57,
158
n.
10
,
158
–60
and Timothy,
210
writing style of,
162
,
175
–76,
185
2 Thessalonians,
156
–71
authorship of,
33
as counterforgery,
151
,
167
–71,
170
n.
30
as earliest forged writing,
156
eschatological theme of,
152
,
162
–67,
169
,
170
,
262
evidence of forgery in,
157
–58
prophylaxes of,
127
scholarly perspectives on,
4
,
76
,
82
,
156
–57,
158
techniques of forgers in,
33
,
127
,
170
–71,
171
n.
31
theology of,
162
–67
1 Thessalonians compared to,
156
–57,
158
n.
10
,
158
–60
warnings against forgeries in,
24
–25,
127
,
150
Thessalus,
116
Thomas (apostle; tax collector),
392
Thomas (brother of Jesus),
230
,
412
–15,
457
,
458
n.
17
Thomas, gospel of,
230
–37
anti-apocalyptic message of,
230
–37
anti-Jewish sentiments of,
338
–44,
344
n.
51
embedded forgery in,
34
eschatological theme of,
152
,
228
,
230
–37
on false teachers,
236
–37
and Gospel of Luke,
231
n.
77
,
231
–32,
341
and Gospel of Peter,
412
on the Kingdom of God,
231
n.
77
,
231
–32,
235
,
236
Thomas the Contender, Book of,
152
,
412
–15,
413
n.
9
,
418
,
431
,
439
Thucydides,
56
,
58
,
70
n.
2
,
122
n.
95
,
138
,
274
Tiberius
and Abgar Correspondence,
102
,
365
–66
and Acts of Pilate,
352
–53
and Anaphora Pilati,
358
–59
and Letter of Pilate to Claudius,
360
,
361
and Sibylline Oracles,
509
Timothei ad Ecclesiam Libri IV (Salvian),
94
–96,
119
–20
Timothy
