Forgotten Land (43 page)
Authors: Max Egremont
Mackensen, Field Marshal August von,
Majdenek: Nazi extermination camp,
Malbork
see
Marienburg
Mann, Heinrich,
Mann, Katia,
Mann, Thomas: life at Nidden; writings; leaves Germany for exile; posthumous recognition in Lithuania; defends Weimar democracy,
Mannerheim, Marshal Carl Gustav Emil, Baron,
Marienburg (now Malbork),
Marienwerder,
Maruschja (Russian prisoner),
Marx, Wilhelm,
Mary, queen of George V,
Masuria: landscape; settlement and ethnic composition; Tatars invade; Russians invade (1914); unemployment; travel in; as land of battles; resurgence under Nazis,
Masurian Lakes, battle of (1914)
Mažvydsas, Martynas,
Melanchthon, Philipp,
Memel
see
Klaipéda
Memel, River,
Mendelssohn, Erich,
Mennonites,
Merian
(magazine),
Mewe (Polish Gniew),
Mickiewicz, Adam,
Miegel, Agnes: background and writings; hopes Russians and Poles will work land in East Prussia; memorial plaque on house; flight to Denmark (1945); reputation, Thomas Mann reads; nostalgia for old home,
Mikołajki,
Moczar, Mieczysław,
Mohrungen (Polish Mor
g),
Mollenhauer, Ernst,
Molotov – Ribbentrop Pact (Soviet – German, 1939),
Moltke, General Helmuth von,
Mor
g
see
Mohrungen
Müller, Ludwig,
Münchhausen, Börries von,
Mussolini, Benito,
Majdenek: Nazi extermination camp,
Malbork
see
Marienburg
Mann, Heinrich,
Mann, Katia,
Mann, Thomas: life at Nidden; writings; leaves Germany for exile; posthumous recognition in Lithuania; defends Weimar democracy,
Mannerheim, Marshal Carl Gustav Emil, Baron,
Marienburg (now Malbork),
Marienwerder,
Maruschja (Russian prisoner),
Marx, Wilhelm,
Mary, queen of George V,
Masuria: landscape; settlement and ethnic composition; Tatars invade; Russians invade (1914); unemployment; travel in; as land of battles; resurgence under Nazis,
Masurian Lakes, battle of (1914)
Mažvydsas, Martynas,
Melanchthon, Philipp,
Memel
see
Klaipéda
Memel, River,
Mendelssohn, Erich,
Mennonites,
Merian
(magazine),
Mewe (Polish Gniew),
Mickiewicz, Adam,
Miegel, Agnes: background and writings; hopes Russians and Poles will work land in East Prussia; memorial plaque on house; flight to Denmark (1945); reputation, Thomas Mann reads; nostalgia for old home,
Mikołajki,
Moczar, Mieczysław,
Mohrungen (Polish Mor
g),Mollenhauer, Ernst,
Molotov – Ribbentrop Pact (Soviet – German, 1939),
Moltke, General Helmuth von,
Mor
gsee
Mohrungen
Müller, Ludwig,
Münchhausen, Börries von,
Mussolini, Benito,
Napoleon I (Bonaparte), Emperor of the French: in Königsberg; Benningsen fights against; conquers Prussia; nearly shot in Olsztyn; Frederick William II flees from,
Nazism, Nazis (National Socialism): and Dönhoff family; failed 1923 coup; Alexander Dohna votes for (1932); belief in Aryan superiority; majorities in East Prussian elections; Oldenburg-Januschau and; demonstration at Tannenberg Memorial; attend Hindenburg’s funeral; purges; strength in East Prussia; anti-Semitism, wartime atrocities; Agnes Miegel atrocities; Agnes Miegel supports; Knox’s views on; Arnold Wilson criticises; disparage Thomas Mann; kill socialists and communists; demonstrations; supporters; rise to power,
Nehru, Jawaharlal,
Neidenburg (now Nidzica),
Nesselrode, Count Karl,
Neudeck (estate) –
Neurath, Konstantin von,
Newman, Bernard –
Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia,
Nicholas, Grand Duke of Russia,
Nidden (Nida), Lithuania,
Nidzica
see
Neidenburg
Niemen, River,
Nietzsche, Friedrich,
Night of the Long Knives (30 June 1934),
Nixon, Richard M.,
Nazism, Nazis (National Socialism): and Dönhoff family; failed 1923 coup; Alexander Dohna votes for (1932); belief in Aryan superiority; majorities in East Prussian elections; Oldenburg-Januschau and; demonstration at Tannenberg Memorial; attend Hindenburg’s funeral; purges; strength in East Prussia; anti-Semitism, wartime atrocities; Agnes Miegel atrocities; Agnes Miegel supports; Knox’s views on; Arnold Wilson criticises; disparage Thomas Mann; kill socialists and communists; demonstrations; supporters; rise to power,
Nehru, Jawaharlal,
Neidenburg (now Nidzica),
Nesselrode, Count Karl,
Neudeck (estate) –
Neurath, Konstantin von,
Newman, Bernard –
Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia,
Nicholas, Grand Duke of Russia,
Nidden (Nida), Lithuania,
Nidzica
see
Neidenburg
Niemen, River,
Nietzsche, Friedrich,
Night of the Long Knives (30 June 1934),
Nixon, Richard M.,
Ober-Ost,
Oberschleissheim, near Munich,
Observer
(newspaper),
Oder, River,
Oistrakh, David,
Oldenburg-Januschau, Elard von: background and character; reactionary political views; helps buy Neudeck for Hindenburg; supposed influence on Hindenburg; attends Hindenburg’s funeral; sends rhyming telegram to Göring; widow’s death; death;
see also
Januschau
Olsztyn (formerly Allenstein); Warmian-Masurian University,
Olsztynek (formerly Hohenstein) –
Orwell, George,
Ottokar, King of Bohemia,
Our Beautiful Samland
(journal),
Oberschleissheim, near Munich,
Observer
(newspaper),
Oder, River,
Oistrakh, David,
Oldenburg-Januschau, Elard von: background and character; reactionary political views; helps buy Neudeck for Hindenburg; supposed influence on Hindenburg; attends Hindenburg’s funeral; sends rhyming telegram to Göring; widow’s death; death;
see also
Januschau
Olsztyn (formerly Allenstein); Warmian-Masurian University,
Olsztynek (formerly Hohenstein) –
Orwell, George,
Ottokar, King of Bohemia,
Our Beautiful Samland
(journal),
Paderewski, Ignacy Jan,
Palmnicken (Yantarny), –
Papen, Franz von,
Papendick, Gertrud,
Paris: Käthe Kollwitz in –
Pasl
k (formerly Preussisch Holland),
Passchendaele,
Paulus, General Friedrich,
Pechstein, Max,
Petrograd
see
St Petersburg
Philiponnen (sect),
Pillau –
Piłsudski, Marshal Józef,
Pisz
see
Johannisburg
Poland: post-war settlement; Knox travels in and reports on; Russian domination of; cultural nationalism; place-name changes; opposition to Teutonic Knights; Catholicism; First Partition (1772); under Russian occupation after Second World War; Germans in after Second World War; in First World War; German occupation (1939 – 45); joins NATO; settlers in new territories; joins EU; modern agriculture; under Communism; Fourth Partition (1939); minorities; reconciliations needed with Germany, Ukraine and Russia; and Treaty of Versailles; East Prussian plebiscite rejects; mutual assistance pact with Britain; and Solidarity movement; East Prussian fear of; nationalism; changed borders and population shifts; cemeteries; Germans evicted; numbers killed in war; nationality composition,
Poles: status in East Prussia; influx in East Prussia (1945); courtesy,
Polish Corridor,
Polish language: banned in East Prussia,
Posen (now Pozna
),
Potocki, Count Alfred,
Potsdam,
Pozna
see
Posen
Prague: Hitler occupies,
Pregel, River –
Preuss, Gerda –
Preussisch Holland
see
Pasl
k
Prittwitz, General Maximilian von,
Prökelwitz
Protestants: settle in East Prussia,
Prussia: 19th century rise to power and reforms; constitution introduced (1848); wars with neighbours; ethnic origins; Lutheranism; united with Brandenburg; Napoleon conquers; rise to power;
see also
East Prussia
Putin, Vladimir
Palmnicken (Yantarny), –
Papen, Franz von,
Papendick, Gertrud,
Paris: Käthe Kollwitz in –
Pasl
k (formerly Preussisch Holland),Passchendaele,
Paulus, General Friedrich,
Pechstein, Max,
Petrograd
see
St Petersburg
Philiponnen (sect),
Pillau –
Piłsudski, Marshal Józef,
Pisz
see
Johannisburg
Poland: post-war settlement; Knox travels in and reports on; Russian domination of; cultural nationalism; place-name changes; opposition to Teutonic Knights; Catholicism; First Partition (1772); under Russian occupation after Second World War; Germans in after Second World War; in First World War; German occupation (1939 – 45); joins NATO; settlers in new territories; joins EU; modern agriculture; under Communism; Fourth Partition (1939); minorities; reconciliations needed with Germany, Ukraine and Russia; and Treaty of Versailles; East Prussian plebiscite rejects; mutual assistance pact with Britain; and Solidarity movement; East Prussian fear of; nationalism; changed borders and population shifts; cemeteries; Germans evicted; numbers killed in war; nationality composition,
Poles: status in East Prussia; influx in East Prussia (1945); courtesy,
Polish Corridor,
Polish language: banned in East Prussia,
Posen (now Pozna
),Potocki, Count Alfred,
Potsdam,
Pozna
seePosen
Prague: Hitler occupies,
Pregel, River –
Preuss, Gerda –
Preussisch Holland
see
Pasl
kPrittwitz, General Maximilian von,
Prökelwitz
Protestants: settle in East Prussia,
Prussia: 19th century rise to power and reforms; constitution introduced (1848); wars with neighbours; ethnic origins; Lutheranism; united with Brandenburg; Napoleon conquers; rise to power;
see also
East Prussia
Putin, Vladimir
Quittainen (estate)
Radziwiłł family,
Rasch, Gerhard Paul,
Rastenburg
see
K
trzyn
Rathenau, Walther,
Rauch, Christian
Rauschen
Reagan, Ronald,
Reichstag: burned,
Rennenkampf, General Pavel Karlovich von –
Rhineland: Hitler occupies,
Ribbentrop, Joachim von,
Riga: Germans capture (1917); rebuilt by Soviets,
Robespierre, Maximilien,
Rodin, Auguste,
Rodzianko, Mikhail,
Roggeveld cemetery (Belgium),
Röhm, Ernst
Rokossovsky, Marshal Konstantin,
Rominten (now Krasnolesye): game reserve and hunting; railway station; Red Army at; Göring at; Frevert writes on; visitors; Göring enlarges into Poland (‘Eagle’s Field’); contents removed at war’s end,
Rositten,
Ruhr, the (district): under Prussian control; French and Belgians claim,
Ruhr, River,
Rupp, Julius,
Rupp, Theodore,
Russia (and Soviet Union): forced deportations from East Prussia; Red Army overruns East Prussia; Knox in; defeated by Japan (1905); alliance with France (1894); Germans in; Napoleon invades; military experience (1904 – 5); mobilization for First World War; occupation and behaviour at end of Second World War; invades East Prussia (1914); and outbreak of First World War; Tannenberg defeat (1914); retreat and defeats in First World War; sues for peace (1917); Bolshevik revolution and government; civil war (1918 – 21); Red Army memorials; defeated by Piłsudski (1920); trade agreement with Britain (1921); anti-Semitism; invaded by Germany (1941); captures and occupies Königsberg (1945); evacuates Germans to prison camps; Soviet Union collapses; behaviour of soldiers,
Ryn
Rasch, Gerhard Paul,
Rastenburg
see
K
trzynRathenau, Walther,
Rauch, Christian
Rauschen
Reagan, Ronald,
Reichstag: burned,
Rennenkampf, General Pavel Karlovich von –
Rhineland: Hitler occupies,
Ribbentrop, Joachim von,
Riga: Germans capture (1917); rebuilt by Soviets,
Robespierre, Maximilien,
Rodin, Auguste,
Rodzianko, Mikhail,
Roggeveld cemetery (Belgium),
Röhm, Ernst
Rokossovsky, Marshal Konstantin,
Rominten (now Krasnolesye): game reserve and hunting; railway station; Red Army at; Göring at; Frevert writes on; visitors; Göring enlarges into Poland (‘Eagle’s Field’); contents removed at war’s end,
Rositten,
Ruhr, the (district): under Prussian control; French and Belgians claim,
Ruhr, River,
Rupp, Julius,
Rupp, Theodore,
Russia (and Soviet Union): forced deportations from East Prussia; Red Army overruns East Prussia; Knox in; defeated by Japan (1905); alliance with France (1894); Germans in; Napoleon invades; military experience (1904 – 5); mobilization for First World War; occupation and behaviour at end of Second World War; invades East Prussia (1914); and outbreak of First World War; Tannenberg defeat (1914); retreat and defeats in First World War; sues for peace (1917); Bolshevik revolution and government; civil war (1918 – 21); Red Army memorials; defeated by Piłsudski (1920); trade agreement with Britain (1921); anti-Semitism; invaded by Germany (1941); captures and occupies Königsberg (1945); evacuates Germans to prison camps; Soviet Union collapses; behaviour of soldiers,
Ryn
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