| 25. Callistratus (4 de cognitionibus ), Digest 22.5.3.6.
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| 26. Jones, Criminal Courts , p. 6. For the Roman juries, see also Bruce W. Frier, The Rise of the Roman Jurists: Studies in Cicero's Pro Caecina (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985).
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| 27. Devlin, Trial by Jury , pp. 45, 163.
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| 28. Barnaby C. Keeney, Judgment by Peers (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1949), pp. 3536.
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| 29. Keeney, Judgment by Peers , p. 7.
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| 30. Ferdinand Lot, "Quelques mots sur l'origine des pairs de France," Revue historique , 54 (1894), pp. 3457.
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| 31. That Vergil's great Roman epic the Aeneid was written in twelve books might have been an influence.
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| 32. Keeney, Judgment by Peers , p. 20.
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| 33. Keeney, Judgment by Peers , pp. 3334.
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| 34. Levy, Origins of the Fifth Amendment , p. 9.
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| 35. Devlin, Trial by Jury , p. 8.
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| 36. Williams v. Florida , 399 U.S. 78 (1970).
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| 37. Thayer, "The Jury and Its Development," Harvard Law Review 5 (1892), p. 295.
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