Hitler's Charisma (52 page)
Authors: Laurence Rees
1.
Interview with author for
WW2History.com
.
2.
Quoted in
New York Times
, 24 June 1941, p7.
3.
Words of Lt. General Henry Powell, deputy to General Sir Alan Brooke, Chief of the Imperial Defence Staff, quoted in Joan Beaumont,
Comrades in Arms: British Aid to Russia, 1941–1945
, London, Davis-Poynter, 1980, p26.
4.
Previously unpublished testimony.
5.
Previously unpublished testimony.
6.
Previously unpublished testimony.
7.
Halder War Diary
, entry for 3 July 1941, p446.
8.
The Chief of Staff of the War Economy and Armaments Office regarding the armament programme of the Air Force, 26 June 1941, BArch RW 19/559, pp43–46 (Der Chef des Stabes des Wehrwirtschaftsund Rüstungsamts betr.
Rüstungsprogramm der Luftwaffe, 26. 6. 1941). Also quoted in: Georg Thomas,
Geschichte der deutschen Wehr-und Rüstungswirtschaft
(
1918–1943/45
), Harald Boldt Verlag, Boppard am Rhein, 1966, pp448–451.
9.
Halder War Diary
, entry for 11 August 1941, p506.
10.
Ludolf Herbst,
Das nationalsozialistische Deutschland 1933–1945. Die Entfesselung der Gewalt: Rassismus und Krieg
, Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, 1996, p360ff. Original reference is a chart in Halder’s war log, Generaloberst Halder. Kriegstagebuch, Band III: Der Rußlandfeldzug bis zum Marsch auf Stalingrad (22. 6. 1941—24. 9. 1942), bearb. von Hans-Adolf Jacobsen, Stuttgart, 1964, pp199, 213.
11.
Walter Warlimont,
Inside Hitler’s Headquarters 1939–1941
, Presido, 1964, p189.
12.
Halder War Diary
, entry for 22 August 1941, p514.
13.
Heinz Guderian,
Panzer Leader
, Penguin, 2009, p200.
14.
Tagebucheintrag vom 19. August 1941, in: Joseph Goebbels,
Die Tagebücher von Joseph Goebbels
. Im Auftrag des Instituts für Zeitgeschichte und mit Unterstützung des Staatlichen Archivdienstes Rußlands hrsg. von Elke Fröhlich. Teil II: Diktate 1941–1945. Band 1: Juli–September 1941, München [u.a.] 1996, pp255–272.
15.
Hitler’s Table Talk
, 19–20 August 1941, p28.
16.
ibid., 23 September 1941, p38.
17.
Ernst Deuerlein (ed.),
Der Aufstieg der NSDAP in Augenzeugenberichten
, Düsseldorf, Karl Rauch Verlag, 1968, pp108–112.
18.
Hitler’s Table Talk
, night of 27 January 1942, p257.
19.
Hitler’s Table Talk
, night of 25–26 September 1941.
20.
Communication from naval office to Army Group North, see Domarus,
Vol. IV
, p2483.
21.
Domarus,
Vol. III
, p2491.
22.
ibid., p2497.
23.
Episode 1,
War of the Century
, written and produced by Laurence Rees, BBC2, 1999.
24.
Weber,
Essays
, p248.
25.
Halder War Diary
, pp529–530.
26.
Table Talk
, 17 October 1941, p69.
27.
ibid., 17–18 October, p71.
28.
ibid., 25 October, p87.
29.
ibid., 10 October, p51.
30.
ibid., 19 October, p74.
31.
ibid., 25 October, p90.
32.
Hugh Trevor-Roper, “The Mind of Adolf Hitler,” in
Table Talk
, pxxxix.
33.
Table Talk
, 13–14 October, p58.
34.
Interview with author for
WW2History.com
.
35.
Interview with author for
WW2History.com
.
36.
Interview with author for
WW2History.com
.
37.
Previously unpublished testimony.
38.
War diary, Wehrmacht office of military economics and armaments/staff, 13 October 1941. BArch RW 19/165, pp274, 554.
39.
Kershaw,
Nemesis
, pp440–441.
40.
Halder War Diary
, entry for 10 November 1941, p555.
41.
Guderian,
Panzer Leader
, p264.
42.
ibid., pp265–266.
43.
Hitler’s directive to Army Group Centre, 12 December 1941 (Weisung Hitlers für die Heeresgruppe Mitte, 20. 12. 1941) quoted by: Wolfgang Michalka (ed.),
Das Dritte Reich. Dokumente zur Innen-und Außenpolitik, Vol. 2: Weltmachtsanspruch und nationaler Zusammenbruch 1939–1945
, Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, München, 1985, pp66–67. The Original is in: Institut für Zeitgeschichte (IfZ) Munich, Dok. NOKW-539.
44.
A point made by Ribbentrop at his meeting with the American Chargé d’Affaires in Berlin on 11 December 1941. See Documents on German Foreign Policy, Series D,
Vol. XIII
, pp999–1000.
45.
Alexander Mitscherlich and Frederick Mielke (eds.),
Medizin ohne Menschlichkeit Dokumente des Nürnberger Ärzteprozesses
, Frankfurt am Main, Fischer Bücherie, 1960, p187.
46.
E. Klee,
“Euthanasie” im NS Staat. Die Vernichtung “lebensunwerten Lebens,”
Frankfurt, S. Fischer Verlag, 1983, p51.
47.
Handwritten anonymous letter from Ramsau, October 1941, Staatsarchiv München (StAM), LRA 31933.
48.
Letter from Maria Aigner to the School Inspector, 17 September 1941, StAM, LRA 48235.
49.
Table Talk
, 14 October 1941, p59.
50.
Interview with author for
WW2History.com
.
51.
Longerich,
Unwritten Order
, p60.
52.
Previously unpublished testimony.
53.
16 July 1941, Hitler Comments, Conference in Führer Headquarters, in Czesław Madajczyk (ed.),
Generalny Plan Wschodni: Zbiór dokumentów
, Warszawa, Glówna Komisja Badania Zbrodni Hitlerowskich w Polsce, 1990, pp61–64. Also in Nuremberg Trial Documents: IMT, Vol. 38, p92 (221-L).
54.
For a detailed analysis of
Generalplan Ost
(in English) see Tooze,
Wages of Destruction
, pp466–476.
55.
Goebbels’ diary, entry for 19 August 1941.
56.
Testimony of Uwe Storjohann, in Laurence Rees,
Auschwitz: The Nazis and the “Final Solution,”
BBC Books, 2005, p76.
57.
Testimony of Erna Krantz in Rees,
Darkest Hour
, p195.
58.
Goebbels’ diary, entry for 16 December 1941.
59.
Präg and Jacobmeyer (eds.),
Das Diensttagebuch des deutschen Generalgouverneurs in Polen 1939–1945
, pp452–459.
60.
Toivi Blatt testimony from interview with the author. See
WW2History.com
and also Rees,
Auschwitz
, pp208–210.
61.
Interview with author for
WW2History.com
.
62.
Longerich,
Unwritten Order
, p109.
63.
Goebbels’ diary, entry for 27 March 1942.
64.
See pp199–200.
65.
Rees,
Auschwitz
, p78.
66.
David Cesarani,
Eichmann, His Life and Crimes
, London, Heinemann, 2004, p197.
67.
Testimony of Hans Friedrich, episode 1,
Auschwitz: The Nazis and the “Final Solution,”
written and produced by Laurence Rees, BBC, January 2005.
68.
Ulrich Herbert,
Hitler’s Foreign Workers
, Cambridge University Press, 1997, pp389–390.
1.
Previously unpublished testimony.
2.
Goebbels’ diary, entry for 20 March 1942,
The Goebbels Diary
, translated and edited by Louis P. Lochner, Hamish Hamilton, 1948, p92.
3.
Winston S. Churchill,
The Grand Alliance, The Second World War Vol. III
, Penguin Classics, 2005, p539.
4.
Previously unpublished testimony.
5.
Previously unpublished testimony.
6.
Previously unpublished testimony.
7.
Previously unpublished testimony.
8.
Kershaw,
The Hitler Myth
, p188.
9.
ibid., p187.
10.
Hitler speech, 26 April 1942, Domarus,
Vol. IV
, p2623.
11.
ibid., p2628.
12.
Goebbels’ diary, entry for 27 April 1942, p141.
13.
ibid., entry for 29 April 1942, p144.
14.
The Ciano Diaries
, Hugh Gibson (ed.), Simon Publications, 2001, entry for 29 April 1942, p477.
15.
ibid., entry for 30 April 1942, pp478–9.
16.
ibid., entry for 30 April 1942, p478.
17.
See p112.
18.
Halder War Diary
, entry for 23 July 1942, p646.
19.
Stenographic report of the meeting of Reich Marshal Göring with the Reich Commissioners for the occupied territories and Military Commanders on the food situation; at the Hermann-Göring-hall of the Ministry of Aviation, Thursday, 6 August 1942, 4pm. Léon Poliakov and Joseph Wulf,
Das Dritte Reich und seine Diener
, Frankfurt am Main/Berlin/Wien, Ullstein Verlag, 1983, pp471ff. Also in Document 170-USSR, in:
Der Prozess gegen die Hauptkriegsverbrecher vor dem Internationalen Militärgerichtshof Nürnberg
, 1 November 1945–1 Oktober 1946, Band XXIX, Nürnberg, 1949, pp385ff. (Translation here is the official one used at the Nuremberg trials.)
20.
Tooze,
Wages
, pp573–4.
21.
As commander of Army Group A, Hitler reported to himself as commander in chief of the army, then himself as supreme commander of the Armed forces, then himself as Chancellor of Germany and then himself as head of state.
22.
Halder War Diary
, entry for 24 September 1942, p670.
23.
Tooze,
Wages
, p587.
24.
Interview with author for
WW2History.com
.
25.
Previously unpublished testimony.
26.
Hitler speech, 30 September 1942, Domarus,
Vol. IV
, p2675.
27.
Previously unpublished testimony.
28.
Interview with the author for
WW2History.com
.
29.
Rees,
The Nazis, A Warning from History
, p256.
30.
Chris Bellamy,
Absolute War, Soviet Russia in the Second World War
, Macmillan, 2007, p533.
31.
Previously unpublished testimony.
32.
Rees,
The Nazis: A Warning from History
, p276.
33.
Situation conference 1 February 1943, Helmut Heiber and David M. Glantz (eds.),
Hitler and His Generals, Military Conferences 1942–1945
, Enigma Books, 2004, p61.
34.
ibid., p62.
35.
ibid., p66.
36.
ibid., p59.
1.
Göring speech in the Honours Hall of the Reich Ministry of Aviation, 30 January 1943, Domarus,
Vol. IV
, pp2745–2746.
2.
Order of the day to the Sixth Army, 24 January 1943, Domarus,
Vol. IV
, p2743.
3.
Previously unpublished testimony.
4.
Testimony from episode 6, BBC TV,
Nazis: A Warning from History
.
5.
Previously unpublished testimony.
6.
This and the following paragraph, previously unpublished testimony.
7.
Nicolaus von Below,
At Hitler’s Side, The Memoirs of Hitler’s Luftwaffe Adjutant 1937–1945
, Frontline Books, 2010, pp162–163.
8.
Previously unpublished testimony.
9.
Previously unpublished testimony.
10.
Previously unpublished testimony.
11.
6 October Posen meeting. Heinrich Himmler,
Geheimreden 1933 bis 1945
, Bradley Smith and Agnes F. Peterson (eds.), Frankfurt am Main, Propyläen Verlag, 1974, pp169–170.
12.
Previously unpublished testimony.
13.
Von Below,
At Hitler’s Side
, p189.
14.
Testimony from episode 4, BBC TV,
War of the Century
.
15.
Michael Balfour,
Withstanding Hitler
, Routledge, 1988, p126.
16.
Fabian von Schlabrendorff,
The Secret War against Hitler
, Westview Press, 1994, p231.
17.
Used because this was the only liquor that comes in square bottles. See
Secret War
, p233.
18.
ibid., p231.
19.
Previously unpublished testimony.
20.
Schlabrendorff,
Secret War
, p269.
21.
ibid., pp268–269.
22.
ibid., pp271–272.
23.
Kershaw,
Nemesis
, p670.
24.
Hans Bernd Gisevius,
Valkyrie, An Insider’s Account of the Plot to Kill Hitler
, Da Capo Press, 2009, p67.
25.
ibid., p182.
26.
ibid., p200.
27.
Interview with Major Otto-Ernst Remer for the ITV series
World at War
, published in Richard Holmes,
The World At War, the Landmark Oral History
, Ebury Press, 2007, p419.
28.
Previously unpublished testimony.
29.
Karl Heinrich Peter,
Spiegelbild einer Verschwörung. Die Kaltenbrunner-Berichte an Bormann und Hitler über das Attentat vom 20. Juli 1944. Geheime Dokumente aus dem ehemaligen Reichssicherheitshauptamt
, Seewald, Stuttgart, 1961, pp1–10, some extracts in Kershaw,
Hitler Myth
, pp215–216.
30.
Guderian,
Panzer Leader
, p341.
31.
ibid., p342.
32.
Interview with author for
WW2History.com
.
33.
Guderian,
Panzer Leader
, p340.
34.
As told by Ulrich de Maizière.
35.
Ian Kershaw,
The End, Hitler’s Germany, 1944–1945
, Allen Lane, 2011, pp111–114. The German military police report, compiled in the aftermath of the Soviet attack, quotes 26 dead.
36.
Quoted ibid., p114.
37.
Traudl Junge,
Until the Final Hour. Hitler’s Last Secretary
, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2002, p145.
38.
Testimony from episode 4, BBC TV,
War of the Century
.
39.
Tooze,
Wages
, p639.
40.
ibid., p653.
41.
Goebbels’ diary, entry for 2 December 1944.
42.
Von Below,
Hitler’s Luftwaffe Adjutant
, p223.
43.
Manfred Messerschmidt, “Deserteure im Zweiten Weltkrieg,” in Wolfgang Wette (ed.),
Deserteure der Wehrmacht
, Essen, 1995, p61.
44.
Klaus-Dietmar Henke,
Die Amerikanische Besetzung Deutschlands
, Munich, Oldenbourg, 1995, pp806 and n132.
45.
Previously unpublished testimony.
46.
Speer,
Inside the Third Reich
, p588.
47.
Testimony from episode 4, BBC TV,
War of the Century
.
48.
Midday Situation Report, 2 March 1945, Helmut Heiber and David M. Glantz,
Hitler and his Generals
, Enigma Books, 2003, p684.
49.
Entry for 2 March 1945, Joseph Goebbels, Hugh Trevor-Roper (ed.),
Goebbels Diaries, The Last Days
, Secker and Warburg, 1978, p24.
50.
Testimony from
Bombing Germany
, BBC 2001, written and produced by Detlef Siebert, Executive Producer, Laurence Rees.
51.
United States Strategic Bombing Survey, Summary Report (European War)
, 30 September 1945, “Some Signposts,” p23 point 4. On the web at both
http://www.airforce-magazine.com/MagazineArchive/Pages/2009/October/202009/1009keeper.aspx
and
http://www.anesi.com/ussbs02.htm
.
52.
Von Below,
Hitler’s Luftwaffe Adjutant
, p228.
53.
Rudolf Jordan,
Erlebt und erlitten: Weg eines Gauleiters von München bis
Moskau
, Leoni am Starnberger See, 1973, pp251–8. Quoted in Kershaw,
The End
, p245.
54.
Yehuda Bauer,
American Jewry and the Holocaust: The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, 1939–1945
, Detroit, Wayne State University Press, 1981, pp429–430.
55.
Felix Kersten,
The Kersten Memoirs, 1940–1945
, London, Hutchinson, 1956, p286.
56.
Professor Sir Ian Kershaw,
What is Hitler’s Place in History?
BBC lecture transmitted on BBC 4, 30 April 2005, Executive Producer, Laurence Rees.
57.
Testimony from
Himmler, Hitler and the End of the Reich
, BBC TV, 2001, written and produced by Detlef Siebert, Executive Producer, Laurence Rees.
58.
Welch,
Propaganda
, p234.
59.
Junge,
Last Secretary
, p177.
60.
Testimony from BBC TV,
Himmler, Hitler and the End of the Reich
.
61.
United States, Office of United States Chief of Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality,
Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression
, 8 vols. and 2 suppl. vols. (Government Printing Office, Washington, 1946–1948), VI, pp259–263, Doc. No. 3569-PS.
62.
Junge,
Last Secretary
, p181.
