India After Gandhi (152 page)
Read India After Gandhi Online
Authors: Ramachandra Guha
Tags: #History, #Asia, #General, #General Fiction
| Quoted in the New Indian Express, 30 August 2005. See also Bina Agarwal, A Field of One’s Own: Gender and Land Rights in South Asia (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994); Asha Nayar-Basu, ‘Of Fathers and Sons’, The Telegraph (Kolkata), 11 October 2005. | |
| Anon., ‘A Blueprint for Mizoram’, Grassroots Options, monsoon 1999; Sudipta Bhattacharjee, ‘How to be Thirteenth Time Lucky’, The Telegraph (Kolkata), 30 June 1999; Nitin Gokhale, ‘Meghna Naidu in Aizawl’, Tehelka, 9 October 2004. | |
| Sarabjit Singh, Operation Black Thunder: An Eyewitness Account of Terrorism in Punjab (New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2002), esp. chapters 22–30. | |
| See Anne Vaugier-Chatterjee, ‘Strains on Punjab Governance: An Assessment of the Badal Government (1997–1999)’, International Journal of Punjab Studies, vol. 7, no. 1, 2000. | |
| See ‘The Dynamic Sikhs’, cover story in Outlook , 29 March 1999. | |
| Singh, Operation Black Thunder , p. 338. |
27. R
IOTS
| Guru Golwalkar, ‘Total Prohibition of Cow-Slaughter’, Hitavada , 26 October 1952, emphasis in original. | |
| Richard H. Davis, ‘The Iconography of Rama’s Chariot’, in David Ludden, ed., Making India Hindu: Religion, Community, and the Politics of Democracy in India, 2nd edn (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1996). | |
| Ibid., p. 46. | |
| Christophe Jaffrelot, The Hindu Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics, 1925 to the 1990s (New Delhi: Penguin India, 1999), pp. 420–2. | |
| See Paul Brass, The Production of Hindu–Muslim Violence in Contemporary India (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2003), pp. 110-23. | |
| See Manjari Katju, Vishva Hindu Parishad and Indian Politics (Hyderabad: Orient Longman, 2003), p. 65. | |
| Madhav Godbole, Unfinished Innings: Recollections and Reflections of a Civil Servant (Hyderabad: Orient Longman, 1996), pp. 344–53. | |
| See P. V. Narasimha Rao, Ayodhya: 6 December 1992 (New Delhi: Viking, 2006), pp. 99–100. | |
| Godbole, Unfinished Innings , p. 363. | |
| Quoted in Sunday , 6–12 December 1992. | |
| This account of the demolition of the Babri Masjid is based, in the main, on Dilip Awasthi, ‘A Nation’s Shame’, India Today , 31 December 1992. But see also Harinder Baweja, ‘Today, 10 Years Ago: What Really Happened’, Asian Age , 6 December 2002. | |
| The conversation was reported in Sunday , 13–19 December 1992. | |
| K. R. Malkani, The Politics of Ayodhya and Hindu – Muslim Relations (New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications, 1993), pp. 3–4. | |
| Quoted in Venkitesh Ramakrishnan, ‘The Wrecking Crew’, Frontline, 1 January 1993. | |
| Arun Shourie, ‘The Buckling State’, in Jitendra Bajaj, ed., Ayodhya and the Future India (Madras: Centre for Policy Studies, 1993), pp. 47–70. | |
| Francine R. Frankel, India’s Political Economy, 1947–2004: The Gradual Revolution , 2nd edn (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2005), pp. 714–15. | |
| ‘Bloody Aftermath’, India Today , 31 December 1992. | |
| Clarence Fernandez and Naresh Fernandes, ‘The Winter of Discontent’, in Dileep Padgaonkar, ed., When Bombay Burned (New Delhi: UBSPD, 1993), pp. 12–41. | |
| Kalpana Sharma, ‘Chronicle of a Riot Foretold’, in Sujata Patel and Alice Thorner, eds, Bombay: Metaphor for Modern India (Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 277. | |
| Translated from the Marathi and quoted in Vaibhav Purandare, The Sena Story (Mumbai: Business Publications, 1999), p. 369. | |
| Clarence Fernandez and Naresh Fernandes, ‘A City at War with Itself’, in Padgaonkar, When Bombay Burned , pp. 42–104; Sharma, ‘Chronicle’, pp. 278–86. | |
| Behram Contractor, ‘Bombay Has Lost its Character’, Afternoon Dispatch and Courier, 10 January 1993, reprinted in ‘Busybee’, When Bombay was Bombed: Best of 1992–3 (Bombay: Oriana Books, 2004). | |
| Quoted in Lise McKean, Divine Enterprise: Gurus and the Hindu Nationalist Movement (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996), p. 315. | |
| Asoka Mehta, The Political Mind of India (Bombay: Socialist Party, 1952), p. 38. | |
| Taya and Maurice Zinkin, ‘The Indian General Elections’, The World Today , vol. 8, no. 5, May 1952. | |
| Susanne Hoeber and Lloyd I. Rudolph, ‘The Centrist Future of Indian Politics’, Asian Survey, vol. 20, no. 6, June 1980. | |
| See the evidence and testimonies in Peter Gottschalk, Beyond HinduandMuslim: Multiple Identities in Narratives from Village India (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2001). | |
| Khadar Mohiuddin, ‘Birthmark’, in Velcheru Narayana Rao, ed. and trans., TwentiethCentury Telugu Poetry: An Anthology (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2002), pp. 221–7. | |
| D. R. Goyal, Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, 2nd edn (New Delhi: Radhakrishna Prakashan, 2000), pp. 17–18. For a fuller exposition of this ideology, and from the horse’s mouth as it were, see M. S. Golwalkar, Bunch of Thoughts (Bangalore: Vikrama Prakashan, 1966). | |
| On the growth of the RSS since 1947 see, among other works, Tapan Basu et al., Khaki Shorts and Saffron Flags: A Critique of the Hindu Right (Hyderabad: Orient Longman, 1993); Thomas Blom Hansen, The Saffron Wave: Democracy and Hindu Nationalism in India (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1999); Pralay Kanungo, ‘Hindutva’s Entry into a “Hindu Province”: Early Years of RSS in Orissa’, Economic and Political Weekly , 2 August 2003; Nandini Sundar, ‘Teaching to Hate: RSS’s Pedagogical Programme’, Economic and Political Weekly , 17 April 2004. | |
| Cf. Thomas Blom Hansen, Urban Violence in India: Identity Politics, ‘ Mumbai ’ , and the Postcolonial City (Delhi: Permanent Black, 2001), p. 85. | |
| Neerja Chowdhury, ‘Sonia Takes a Political Dip at the Kumbh’, New Indian Express , 20 January 2001. | |
| On this last incident, see The Telegraph (Kolkata), 25 January 1999. | |
| On the latter question see P. N. Mari Bhatt and A. J. Francis Zavier, ‘Role of Religion in Fertility Decline: The Case of Indian Muslims’, Economic and Political Weekly , 29 January 2005. | |
| See Ashish Sharma, ‘Losing their Religion’, Express Magazine , 9 July 2000. | |
| This paragraph draws upon, among other works, M. K. A. Siddiqui, Muslims in Free India: Their Social Profile and Problems (New Delhi: Institute of Objective Studies, 1998); Abusaleh Shariff, ‘On the Margins: Muslims in a State of Socio-Economic Decline’, Times of India, 22 October 2004; Yogendra Sikand, ‘Lessons of the Past: Madrasa Education in South Asia’, Himal, vol. 14, no. 11, November 2001, and ‘Countering Fundamentalism: The Ban on SIMI’, Economic and Political Weekly , 6 October 2001; Arjumand Ara, ‘Madrasas and Making of Muslim Identity in India’, Economic and Political Weekly , 3 January 2004. | |
| Navnita Chadha Behera, State, Identity and Violence: Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh (New Delhi: Manohar, 2000), p. 179. | |
| Sonia Jabbar, ‘Spirit of Place’, in Civil Lines 5: New Writing from India (New Delhi: IndiaInk, 2001), pp. 28–9. | |
| Cf. reports in The Telegraph (Kolkata), 1 April 1990; in Frontline , 14– 27 April 1990; Illustrated Weekly of India , 17 June 1990; Times of India , 11 February 1991. See also Alexander Evans, ‘A Departure from History: Kashmiri Pandits, 1990–2001’, Contemporary South Asia, vol . 11, no. 1, 2002. | |
| Cf. Praveen Swami, ‘The Nadimarg Outrage’, Frontline , 25 April 2003. | |
| This paragraph is based on Hasan Abbas, Pakistan ’ s Drift into Extremism: Allah, the Army, and America ’ s War on Terror (Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 2005), chapters 9 and 10. The Tariq Ali quote comes from his The Clash of Fundamentalisms: Crusades, Jihads, and Modernity (London: Verso, 2002), p. 196. | |
| Yoginder Sikand, ‘Changing Course of Kashmiri Struggle: From National Liberation to Islamist Jihad’, Economic and Political Weekly, 20 January 2001. | |
| Pamela Constable, ‘Selective Truths’, in S. Thakur et al., Guns and Yellow Roses: Essays on the Kargil War (New Delhi: HarperCollins India, 1999), p. 52; Hafiz Mohammed Saeed, interviewed by Amir Mir in Outlook , 23 July 2001. | |
| Cf. Anil Nauriya, ‘The Destruction of a Historic Party’, Mainstream , 17 August 2002; Praveen Swami, ‘The Killing of Lone’, Frontline, 21 June 2002. | |
| News report in the Times of India , 24 January 1990; Joshua Hammer, ‘Srinagar Dispatch’, New Republic , 12 November 2001. | |
| Reeta Chowdhuri-Tremblay, ‘Differing Responses to the Parliamentary and Assembly Elections in Kashmir’s Regions, and State-Societal Relations’, in Paul Wallace and Ramashray Roy, eds, India ’ s 1999 Elections and 20th-Century Politics (New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2003). | |
| Prabhu Ghate, ‘Kashmir: The Dirty War’, Economic and Political Weekly, 26 January 2002. | |
| Jaleel, ‘I Have Seen my Country Die’, The Telegraph (Kolkata), 26 May 2002. | |
| James Buchan, ‘Kashmir’, Granta , no. 57, spring 1997, p. 66. | |
| See A. G. Noorani, ed., The Babri Masjid Question , vol. 2 (New Delhi: Tulika Books, 2003), pp. 197ff. | |
| See Jyoti Punwani, ‘The Carnage at Godhra’, in Siddharth Varadarajan, ed., Gujarat: The Making of a Tragedy (New Delhi: Penguin Books, 2002). | |
| Ashutosh Varshney, Ethnic Conflict and Civic Life: Hindus and Muslims in India (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2002), esp. pp. 229–30, 240–1, 275–7; Jan Breman, ‘Ghettoization and Communal Politics: The Dynamics of Inclusion and Exclusion in the Hindutva Landscape’, in Ramachandra Guha and Jonathan Parry, eds, Institutions and Inequalities: Essays for Andr é Béteille (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1999); Udit Chaudhuri, ‘Gujarat: The Riots and the Larger Decline’, Economic and Political Weekly , 2–9November 2002. | |
| Nandini Sundar, ‘A Licence to Kill: Patterns of Violence in Gujarat’, in Varadarajan, Gujarat; Achyut Yagnik and Suchitra Sheth, The Shaping of Modern Gujarat: Plurality, Hindutva and Beyond (New Delhi: Penguin Books, 2005), chapter 11; report by Ashis Chakrabarti in The Telegraph (Kolkata), 18 May 2002. |
Other books
Flora's Wish by Kathleen Y'Barbo
Avalon by Stephen R. Lawhead
Betrayed: A Rosato & DiNunzio Novel (Rosato & Associates Book 13) by Lisa Scottoline
The Pickup by Nadine Gordimer
Remembering Smell by Bonnie Blodgett
Nevermore by William Hjortsberg
Rake Beyond Redemption by Anne O'Brien
Handsome Bastard by Kate Hill
The Nonesuch by Georgette Heyer
Microserfs by Douglas Coupland
