Japan's Comfort Women (48 page)

Menado 62

Korea: army dissolved 34; comfort women 9, 10,

menstruation 49, 52–3

11, 14, 18, 19, 21, 23, 25, 26, 31, 32, 36, 37–44,

Merak 61

45, 84 –6, 172; economic depression 18, 34,

Meulaboh 64

35; First Japan-Korea Convention (1904) 33;

Middle East 101

Government-General 21, 23, 25, 34, 36, 37;

military police, Allied, 93; comfort stations 148, 151;

Japan colonizes 33–7, 172, 180, 181; Japanese

rape by 127–8, 130

treaty of amity (1876) 33; Japan-Korea Annexation

military police, Japanese,
see
kempeitai

Treaty (1910) 34; land ownership 34; licensed

Minami Jir
d
, Gen. 18, 21

prostitutes 36; migrant labour 35; rice exports 34,

minors 49, 97

35; unemployment 18, 34, 35; Second Japan-Korea

Mitsui & Co. 170

Convention (1905) 33; taxation 37; Third Japan—

Mitsukoshi department store 143

Korea Convention (1907) 34; US bases 178;
see also
Miyazawa Hamajir
d
141–2

South Korea

morale 179; American 109; Japanese 11, 22, 24,

Korean War 165

56

Kosovo 177

Motobu Peninsula 111

Kragan 61

Mukden 8

Kramer, Rev. Edmond 106

Mun P’ilgi 26, 39–40, 56, 59

Kupan 81

Muntilan Internment Camp 69–71, 73

Kure 113, 126, 137, 139

Muraoka Iheji 169

Kuroda Hidetoshi 65

murder: Allied 117; Japanese 24, 49, 50, 74, 84

Kuroi Haru
127

My Lai 112

Kyogi Railway 25

Kyonsong,
see
Seoul

Nagai Kiyoshi 151

Kyoto 127, 135

Nagami Toshinori, Lt-Col. 10, 20

210

Index

Nagaoka Takasumi, Rear Adm. 28

Padang 62; Internment Camp 71–2

Nagasaki 10, 125; atomic bomb 165; brothels 168

Padas River 81

Nagayama Yumiko 178

Palau Islands 55

Nagoya 116, 131, 164

Palestine 94 –5

Naha 86

Panama 100

Nakamura Hachir
d
64 –5

passports 26, 27

Nakamura Toshihisa, Rear Adm. 28

Pauley, Edwin 149–50

Nakasone Yasuhiro 78–9

payment,
see
comfort stations

Nakayama Tadanao, Dr 11–12

Peace Maintenance Association 139

Nanchang 15

Pearl Harbor 26, 27, 61, 167

Nanjing, Rape of (1937) 12–19, 29, 45, 116, 133

Penan 28

Nanjing University 45

periods,
see
menstruation

Nanshi 15

Persia 93

Nanxiang 15

Persian Gulf 97, 177

narcotics,
see
drugs

Perth 103, 171

Nazis 32, 104, 109

Peterson, Maj-Gen. Virgil 100

Ness, Eliot 101–2

Philippines 63, 109, 177, 178, 181; comfort women

National Catholic Welfare Conference 107

31, 44 –50; guerrillas 48–9; Japanese sexual

National Salvation Party 146–7

violence 47–9

National Virtues Federation 140

physical abuse 57, 117, 176;
see also
indecency
and
Neighbourhood Associations 41

rape

New Caledonia 107

Pingquan 11

New Guinea 81

police and procurement,
see
procurement

New Zealand 126

Pontianak 79

NHK 114

Poorten, Gen. Ter 61

Nias Island 71

Port Arthur,
see
Lushun

Nimitz, Adm. Chester 116

Portland 91

Ningbo 168

power rape,
see
rape

Nippon Kangy
d
Gink
d
142–3

Pramoeda Ananta Tur 80

Nippon Kinr
d
sha D
d
mei 140

pregnancy and abortion 53, 74

Nippon no TeisD
127

Problem of VD in 7 Aust. Div. During Fifteen Months in the
Nishihira Junichi 52

Middle East
,
The
94 –5

Nishiki 120

procurement: abduction 44 –5, 48, 49; brothel owners

Nishinomiya 136

14 –15, 19, 23, 27, 35–6, 173; coercion 13–15, 19,

Nomoto Genjr
d
141

26, 45, 67, 72–7; deception 37, 38–9, 42, 43–4,

North Borneo 81

45, 67, 79, 80, 140, 147, 169; internment camps

Noumea 107

45, 67–72, 73, 74 –5, 76; kempeitai and 20, 22, 26,

Nozaki Seiji, Lt-Gen. 72, 76–7

27, 69; kidnapping 23, 44 –5, 78, 117, 118, 120,

nurses 39, 42, 44, 80

121, 169, 170, 173; labor brokers 23, 37, 38–9, 41,

42, 44, 45, 135, 145, 169, 173; newspapers 146;

Odajima Kaoru, Col. 76

police and 39–40, 135, 137; professional prostitutes

Office of the Supreme Commander of the Allied

18, 19; purchase 168–9; smuggling 167, 169;

Power 124 –5

students 138–40; sub-contractors 38–40

Okabe Naozabur
d
, Lt-Gen. 10, 16, 20, 21

prophylactic chemicals,
see
venereal disease Okada Keiji, Maj. 72–3, 74, 76

prophylactic stations,
see
venereal disease Okada Tasabur
d
140

prostitutes: Australian 102–3; Dutch 64 –6; Japanese

Okajima Toshiharu, Capt. 79

(
karayuki-san
) 31–2, 35–6, 66, 97, 167–73, 182, Okamoto Takeshi 136

(
YDpan
) 162; Korean 35–6

Okamura Yasuji, Gen. 10, 20, 28, 29

Prostitution and Venereal Disease in Caribbean Bases
100

Okinawa 109, 110–12; Battle of (1945) 47, 52, 57, 59,

Prostitution within the Caribbean Area
100

85, 110–12, 116, 178; US base 178

Psychological Warfare Team, US Army 42, 84 –5

Okinawa Prefectural Historical Archives 111

Psychological Warfare: Interrogation Bulletin No. 2
85

Okinawan Women Against Military Violence 112

Pusan 38, 40

i
kubo Tomo, Col. 72, 76

i
kura Kihachir
d
, Baron 149

Qinxian 26

only-san,
see
temporary wives

Quarry Heights 100

Operation Iceberg,
see
Okinawa, Battle of Ordway, Col. G, Jr 106

racism: Australian 103; Dutch 83; Japanese 29, 31–2,

Oriental Development Company 34

35, 147

Ormoc 47

Rangoon 42

Osaka 41, 131, 135, 140

ransom 47

Osaka, Maj. 13

rape: Allied 110–12, 116–27, 127–30, 148–9, 163–4,

Osborn, Brig-Gen. F. H. 99, 100

166, 178, 179, 180; Australian 97, 149; Bosnia xvi,

i
shiro Masayasu 111

50, 174 –5, 181; comfort stations and prevention

i
take 137

10, 12, 27, 32, 173; Dutch 82; economic

i
take Bungo 141, 142

exploitation 131–2; gang-rape 110–12, 140;

i
ya S
d
ichi 65

Japanese 13, 14, 16, 24, 28–9, 38, 45–6, 47–8,

Index

211

61, 62, 63, 64, 74, 75, 79, 82, 84, 97; mentally

SOFA 181

handicapped 122; military perception of women 87;

Somalia 177

power rape 29, 176–7; reasons for 176–9; Russian

Sompok 73

59, 179;
see also
indecency
and
physical abuse South Africa 167

rape camps, Bosnian xvi, 50, 174 –5, 181

South Army Cadet School 72

Ready, Rt Rev. Mgr Michael 107

South East Asia Translation and Interrogation Centre

Re-born Public Enterprise, Leisure Division 139

85

Recreation and Amusement Association 141–50, 152,

South Korea 181

153, 157, 161, 162, 163

Southern Manchurian Railway 25, 172

recruitment,
see
procurement

Soviet Union 18

Red Cross: abuse of 81

Special Comfort Facilities Association,
see
Recreation restaurants 9, 36, 37, 71, 135, 161

and Amusement Association

Reynolds, Brig-Gen. Russell 91

spies 14, 30, 45

Ridgely, Col. 159

Stimson, Henry 107

robbery by Allies 148

Straits Settlement 168

Robert’s Field 92

students 138–40

Rogers, Col. John 88, 90

Su Zhiliang, Prof. 45

Roman Catholicism 106

Subic Bay 178

Rouen 175

Sugai, Gen. 86

Ruff-O’Herne, Jan 74 –5

Sugiyama Hajime 23

Russo-Japanese War (1904 –5) 10–11, 33, 168, 171,

suicide 59, 74, 80, 81, 114, 116, 149, 170

172

Sukarno Martodiharjo 79–80

Rwanda 177

Sumatra 59, 61, 64, 71–2

Sumawono Internment Camp 73

St Lucia 99

Sumida River 149

Saka Nobuya 141, 142

Sumiyati 80

Sakhalin 11

Surabaya 28, 66, 77–8

Salinas 100–1

Surinam 99

Sallet, 1st Lt 131

Swift, Col. 86–7

Salzmann family 61–2

Swing, Gen. 123–4

San Francisco Peace Treaty (1951) 158

Sydney University 103

San Nicholas 100

Syria 95

sandfly fever 97

Sangenjaya 149

Tachikawa Imperial Army airbase 121, 148

Sasagawa Ry
d
hei 140

Tacloban 47

Sasagawa Ry
d
ichi 138, 140–1

Taegu 26, 50

Sasebo 155

Taft, Mr 102

Sat
d
Yukinori, Lt-Gen. 72

Taipei Women’s Rescue Foundation 43, 44

SCAP 86, 161, 162

Taiwan 20, 180, 181; comfort women 15, 23, 26, 27,

security,
see
spies

31, 32, 37–44, 45; Government-General 23, 25

Seik
d
153

Takamure Itsue 182

Sekisei Kai 140

Takanori Shakutoku 141, 142

Semarang 62, 66, 69, 72–7

Takarazuka 136

Senda Kako xv

Takita Natsue 149

Seoul 22, 36, 42, 86–7; Municipal Office 35

Tanaka, Yuki xv–xvi

Sewaki Kazuto 167–8

Tanaka Ry
e
kichi 27

sex slavery 173

Tanjung Priok 79

shame 81

Tarakan 62

Shanghai: Army Headquarters Hospital 14; comfort

Task Force on Filipina Comfort Women 48

stations 11, 12, 15, 16, 18, 39, 58; Japanese

Tateyama 120

brothels 8, 10, 168

taxi dancers 146, 148, 150, 155

Shanghai Incident: first (1932) 8–9, 10; second (1937)

temporary wives 165

13, 168, 172

Terada Masao, Lt-Col. 20, 21

Shanghai Normal University 45

Terauchi Hisaichi, Gen. 21

Shikauchi Nobutaka 24

Thailand 56, 81

Shimabara 168

Tianjing 18

Shirakawa Yoshinori, Gen. 20

tickets,
see
comfort stations: payment

Sincerity Association 140

Timoa Island 81

Singadikarto 79

Timor 44, 78, 81

Singapore 66, 76, 79, 80, 167; Chinese prostitutes

Tjepoc 61

169; comfort stations 39; Japanese brothels 168,

T
d
g
d
Shigenori 27

169

Tokashiki Island 59

Sino-Japanese War: (1894–5) 33; (1937–45) 10, 13,

Tokushu Ian Shisetsu Ky
d
kai 142

15, 18, 24, 37

Tokyo, 147, 152; Allied GHQ 152; bombed 127, 145;

Siti Fatimah 79

earthquake (1923) 35; evacuation 113; International

smuggling of women,
see
procurement

Palace 153–5; Metropolitan Police 124, 125, 134,

So Shindo 53

141, 142, 145, 152, 153, 155, 161; Nakamura

212

Index

Hospital 163; Preventive Health Department 156;

Venezuela 100

red-light districts 15, 152, 157; shopping districts

Verbeek, Mrs 62

142, 143, 146, 152; University 165; US troops

Vietnam War xvi, 60, 112, 175, 177, 179

arrive in 115, 116, 121; Yoshiwara City Hospital

Vladivostok 10, 167–8, 170

156

Tokyo Metropolitan Association of Licensed Brothels

Wagner, Robert 106

141

waitresses 9, 36

Tokyo Metropolitan Association of the Restaurant

Warella, Mrs 62

and Bar Industry 141

Weisbach, Maj. Phillip 151–2

Tokyo University 165

Weston,
see
Beaufort

Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal 29, 61, 62, 84, 87, 64,

Willow Run,
see
Tokyo: International Palace 67

Wilson, Maj. 129–30

Tomita Kenji 25

women’s villages 92

torture by Japanese 50–1, 56, 74

Women’s Voluntary Labor Service Corps 40, 41

Townsville 102, 103

Women’s Voluntary Labor Service Law (1944) 40,

trafficking in women xvi, 25–6, 33

41–2

Trinidad 100

Women’s Volunteer Corps 138, 139, 143

Tripoli 96–7

Wood, Col. W. A., Jr 88

Tsukada Osamu, Maj-Gen. 20

World War, First 114, 175

Tsushima Toshiichi 142

Wright, Prof. R. D. 103

Wuhan 15, 28

Ulio, Maj-Gen. J. A. 108–9

Wuhu 15

Umezu Yoshijir
d
, Lt-Gen. 18, 21, 23

Wusong 15

United States of America: black GIs 103; comfort

women 167; 8th Army 123, 124, 151, 155, 157,

Xuzhou 15

163; 1st Cavalry 123, 152; 41st Engineers 92;

G-1 90, 91, 92, 100, 102; G-2 87; General Staff