Authors: William Shakespeare
Following 4.1.66:
Five fiends have been in poor Tom at once: of lust, as
Obidicut, Hobbididence, prince of dumbness, Mahu of
130
stealing, Modo of murder, Flibbertigibbet of
mopping and
131
mowing, who since possesses chambermaids and waiting-
women. So, bless thee, master.
Following 4.2.35:
I fear your disposition:
That nature, which
contemns i’th’origin
135
Cannot be
bordered certain
136
in itself.
She that herself will
sliver and disbranch
137
From her
material
sap
perforce
138
must wither
GONERIL
No more, the
text
140
is foolish.
ALBANY
Wisdom and goodness to the vile seem vile:
Filths
savour but
142
themselves. What have you done?
Tigers, not daughters, what have you performed?
A father, and a
gracious
144
agèd man,
Whose
reverence
even the
head-lugged
145
bear would lick,
Most barbarous, most degenerate, have you
madded
146
. Could
my good
brother
suffer
147
you to do it?
A man, a prince, by him so benefited!
If that the heavens do not their
visible spirits
149
Send quickly down to
tame
150
the vile offences, it will come,
Humanity must perforce prey on itself,
Like monsters of the deep.
Following 4.2.39:
that not know’st
Fools do those villains pity who are punished
154
Ere they have done their mischief. Where’s thy drum?
France
spreads his banners in our
noiseless
156
land,
With
plumèd helm
,
thy state begins threat
157
,
Whilst thou, a
moral
158
fool, sits still and cries
‘Alack, why does he so?’
Following 4.2.43:
ALBANY
Thou changèd and
self-covered
160
thing, for shame
Bemonster not thy feature
.
Were’t my fitness
161
To let these hands obey my
blood
162
,
They are apt enough to dislocate and tear
Thy flesh and bones:
howe’er
164
thou art a fiend,
A woman’s shape doth shield thee.
Enter a Gentleman
ALBANY
What news?
Following 4.2.77:
Enter Kent and a Gentleman
KENT
Why the King of France is so suddenly gone
back
168
,
know you no reason?
GENTLEMAN
Something he left
imperfect
170
in the state, which
since his coming forth is thought of, which
imports
171
to the
kingdom so much fear and danger that his personal return
was most required and necessary.
KENT
Who hath he left behind him general?
GENTLEMAN
The Marshal of France, Monsieur La Far.
KENT
Did your letters pierce the queen to any
demonstration of grief?
GENTLEMAN
Ay, sir, she took them, read them in my presence,
And now and then an ample tear
trilled
179
down
Her delicate cheek: it seemed she was a queen over
Her
passion
181
, who, most rebel-like,
Sought to be king o’er her.
KENT
O, then it moved her.
GENTLEMAN
Not to a rage: patience and sorrow strove
Who should express her
goodliest
185
. You have seen
Sunshine and rain at once: her smiles and tears
Were like a better way: those happy
smilets
187
,
That played on her ripe lip seem not to know
What guests were in her eyes, which, parted thence,
As pearls from diamonds dropped. In brief,
Sorrow would be a rarity most beloved,
If all could
so become it
192
.
KENT
Made she no verbal question?
GENTLEMAN
Faith, once or twice she heaved the name of ‘father’
Pantingly forth, as if it pressed her heart:
Cried ‘Sisters, sisters! Shame of ladies, sisters!
Kent, father, sisters! What, i’th’storm, i’th’night?
Let pity not be believed
198
!’ There she shook
The holy water from her heavenly eyes,
And
clamour moistened her
: then away she
started
200
To deal with grief alone.
KENT
It is the stars,
The stars above us, govern our conditions,
Else one self
mate and make
204
could not beget
Such different
issues
205
. You spoke not with her since?
GENTLEMAN
No.
KENT
Was this before the king returned?
GENTLEMAN
No, since.
KENT
Well, sir, the poor distressèd Lear’s i’th’town;
Who
sometime
, in his better
tune
210
, remembers
What we are come about, and by no means
Will yield to see his daughter.
GENTLEMAN
Why, good sir?
KENT
A
sovereign
shame so
elbows
214
him: his own unkindness,
That stripped her from his benediction, turned her
To foreign
casualties
216
, gave her dear rights
To his dog-hearted daughters: these things sting
His mind so venomously, that burning shame
Detains him from Cordelia.
GENTLEMAN
Alack, poor gentleman!
KENT
Of Albany’s and Cornwall’s powers you heard not?
GENTLEMAN
’Tis so, they are
afoot
222
.
KENT
Well, sir, I’ll bring you to our master Lear,
And leave you to
attend
him: some
dear cause
224
Will in concealment wrap me up awhile.
When I am known
aright
, you shall not
grieve
226
Lending me this acquaintance. I pray you go
Along with me.
Exeunt
Following 4.6.27:
CORDELIA
Very well.
DOCTOR
Please you, draw near.— Louder the music there!
Following 4.6.35:
To stand against the
deep
dread-bolted
231
thunder,
In the most terrible and nimble stroke
Of quick
cross
lightning? To
watch
— poor
perdu
234
!—
With this thin
helm
234
?
Following 4.6.89:
GENTLEMAN
Holds it true, sir, that the Duke of Cornwall was so
slain?
KENT
Most certain, sir.
GENTLEMAN
Who is
conductor of his people
238
?
KENT
As ’tis said, the bastard son of Gloucester.
GENTLEMAN
They say Edgar, his banished son, is with the Earl of
Kent in Germany.
KENT
Report
242
is changeable. ’Tis time to look about: the
powers of the kingdom
approach
apace
243
.
GENTLEMAN
The
arbitrament
244
is like to be bloody. Fare you well,
sir.
KENT
My
point and period will be throughly wrought
246
,
Or
247
well or ill, as this day’s battle’s fought.
Exit
Following 5.1.13:
EDMUND
That thought
abuses
248
you.
REGAN
I am
doubtful
that you have been
conjunct
249
And bosomed with her,
as far as we call hers
250
Following 5.1.17:
GONERIL
I had rather lose the battle than that sister
Should loosen him and me.
Following 5.1.21:
Where I could not be
honest
253
,
I never yet was valiant.
For
254
this business,
It
touches us as
255
France invades our land,
Not
bolds
the king,
with
256
others whom I fear,
Most just and heavy causes make oppose
257
.
EDMUND
Sir, you speak nobly.
Following 5.3.55:
At this time
We sweat and bleed: the friend hath lost his friend;
And the best quarrels, in
the heat, are cursed
261
By those that feel their sharpness:
The question of Cordelia and her father
Requires a fitter place.
Following 5.3.220:
EDGAR
This would have seemed a
period
265
To
such as love not
sorrow, but
another,
266
To amplify too much, would make much more,
And top extremity.
Whilst I was
big in clamour
269
, came there in a man,
Who, having seen me in my worst
estate
270
,
Shunned my abhorred society, but then finding
Who ’twas that so endured, with his strong arms
He
fastened on my neck
273
and bellowed out
As
274
he’d burst heaven, threw me on my father,
Told the most piteous tale of Lear and him
That ever ear received, which in recounting
His grief grew
puissant
and the
strings of life
277
Began to crack: twice then the trumpets sounded,
And there I left him
’tranced
279
.
ALBANY
But who was this?
EDGAR
Kent, sir, the banished Kent, who in disguise
Followed his
enemy king
282
and did him service
Improper for
283
a slave.
Q = First Quarto text of 1608
Q2 = a correction introduced in the Second Quarto text of 1619
Ed = a correction introduced by a later editor
SH = Speech heading (i.e. speaker’s name)
1 SH EDMUND
= Ed. Q =
Bast. (throughout)
25 on’t
= Q. Q2 = an’t
ladies
= Q
(corrected)
. Q
(uncorrected)
= lodes
34 basest and ’temnest
= Q
(corrected)
. Q
(uncorrected)
= belest and contaned
67 Want’st
= Q2. Q = wanst
69 bourn
= Ed. Q = broome
91 she kicked
= Ed. Q = kickt
95 joint-stool
= Q2. Q = ioyne stoole
97 on
= Ed. Q = an
125 madness
= Q
(corrected)
. Q
(uncorrected)
= rogish madnes
131 Flibbertigibbet
spelled Stiberdigebit in
Q
131–32 mopping and mowing
= Ed. Q = Mobing, &
Mohing
151 Humanity
= Q
(corrected)
. Q
(uncorrected)
= Humanly
157 threat
spelled
thereat
in
Q
(corrected)
state begins threat
= Q (corrected). Q
(uncorrected)
= slayer begin threats
166 mew
= Q
(corrected)
. Q
(uncorrected)
= now
178 Ay, sir
, = Ed. Q = I say
184 strove
= Ed. Q = streme
Relationships between key characters are established. Several themes are introduced: power/authority, deception, nature, kinship, sanity, and sight.
Lines 1–33:
Kent and Gloucester discuss Lear. Edmund is introduced. Gloucester insists that Edmund is as dear to him as his older, legitimate, son, Edgar, and claims that “the whoreson must be acknowledged.” The bawdy language used to describe Edmund’s conception undermines the good intentions behind this.
Lines 34–193:
A trumpet flourish emphasizes the ceremonial, public nature of events from this point. Instructing Gloucester to fetch France and Burgundy, Lear reveals his “darker purpose”—to allocate a piece of kingdom to each of his three daughters, intending the “largest bounty” to whoever “doth love [him] most.” This reveals Lear’s inability to separate public and domestic and highlights his perception of emotions as subject to pecuniary measurement. Tensions exist between his love of power and his portrayal of himself as an old man who wishes to “Unburdened crawl toward death.”