Knocking on Heaven's Door (65 page)

Gianotti, Fabiola, 214–15, 219, 230

Giddings, Steve, 173, 174

Gilbert, Wally, 360

Giotto di Bondone, 28–29,
29

Gladwell, Malcolm, 400

Glashow, Sheldon, 88–90, 334–35, 423
n

gluino, 382

gluon, 83–87,
86
, 97–101, 104–5,
115

God, 4, 48, 50–51, 55–59, 62–63, 65

God particle, 287

Goldman Sachs, 180, 191

Google, 400

Gosse, Philip, 47

Gould, Stephen Jay, 56

Grand Unified Theory (GUT), 88–90,
89
, 334–35, 423
n

Grateful Dead, 59

gravitational force law, 30–31, 38, 349–50, 406

gravitational lensing,
370
, 370–71

graviton, 320–21,
321
, 324–28,
327
, 335

gravity

and black holes, 170–75

and dark matter, 120

and effective theories, 18

and extra dimensions, 317–20

and Galileo, 30–31, 61–62

and hierarchy problem, 296–98

and LHC, 115–16

and Planck scale, 91–92, 317–18, 335–36

and string theory, 335–36, 346

see also
quantum gravity

Gravitybrane,
323
, 324–26, 325

gravity wave detector, 123–24

GRE (Graduate Record Examinations), 21

Greenspan, Alan, 196–97

Gregerson, Linda, 40, 41, 44

Gross, David, 65, 128, 263

Gulf oil spill, 183, 185

Guralnik, Gerald, 117, 423
n

GUT
see
Grand Unified Theory

Guth, Alan, 360, 362

Habsburg, Francesca von, 128

hadron collider
see
LHC

hadronic calorimeter (HCAL), 231

hadron, 246–51

Hagen, C. R., 117, 423
n

Halley’s comet, 28–29,
29

Hamilton, William Rowan, 21–23

Harris, Sam, 63–64

Harvard University, 21, 63–65, 175, 183, 201–2, 397

Harvey, William, 74–75

Hawking, Stephen, 26, 31, 171, 193, 194

Hawking radiation, 171–73

HCAL
see
hadronic calorimeter

hedge funds, 190

Heisenberg, Werner, 79

heliocentric theory, 46, 47, 61

helium, 139, 158–59, 356

Herbert, George, 63, 64–65

hermetic (hermetic measurement), 233–34

Herschel satellite, xiv

HESS (High Energy Stereoscopic System), 391

heterogeneity, 204, 207

hierarchy problem, 118–19, 296–99,
297
, 317–18

and extra dimensions, 313–14, 317–22

and supersymmetry, 302–3, 306–7, 310–11, 312–13

and technicolor, 312

Higgs, Peter, 117, 277, 285–86, 423
n

Higgs boson (Higgs particle), 286–96

decay, 291–93,
292
,
293
, 295

production, 289–91,
290
, 295

search, 286–94

LHC search,
115
, 117–18, 286–87

and supersymmetry, 288–89, 295–96,
304
, 305–6, 311

Higgs field, 280–83, 285–87

and Higgs boson, 286–87, 289

Higgsino, 305–6

Higgs mechanism, 117–18, 268–69, 277–86, 295–96

Higgs scalar, 295–96

Higgs sector, 277, 294–96

High-
z
Supernova Search Team, 372

Hillis, Danny, 300

Hirst, Damien, 261

Hitchens, Christopher, 63–64

Holmes, Sherlock, 43

Homer, 3

Hooke, Robert, 23, 38, 409

horizon, 351

House Committee on Science and Technology, xxi–xxiii

Hoyle, Fred, 352

Hubble, Edwin, 123, 352–53

Hubble constant, 355–56

Huckabee, Mike, 4

humanities, 40–46

human physiology, 74–78

human scale,
347
, 348

Hupfield, Herman, 421
n

Huxley, Thomas, 260

Huygens, Christian, 23

hypotheses, 59–60, 202

and Galileo, 31–32

Ibn Sahl, 23

IceCube Neutrino Observatory, 393

inclined plane, 30,
30

indirect dark matter detection, 390–93

indirect observations and Galileo, 26, 31–38, 39

induction, 23, 43–44

inflation
see
cosmological inflation

injection phase, 133–34

inner trackers, 225

inner triplet of LHC, 154

intelligent design, 47, 49

intermediate particle, 298

Internet, 197, 239–40

intuition, 10, 66, 71, 400

invariant mass, 102

inverse square law, 406, 409

ionize, 97

Iraq War, 146

irreversibility, 424
n

Islamic art, 266–67

Janssen, Zacharias, 37

Japanese art, 267,
267

Jenni, Peter, 214–15

jets, 247–49,
248

John Paul II, Pope, 49

Johnson, Matthew, 416

Joyce, James, 82

Jupiter, 34–35

Jura Mountains, 135, 144–45

Kaluza, Theodor, 314, 320

Kaluza-Klein (KK) mode/particle, 119, 314, 320–21,
321
, 327–30,
328

Kamionkowski, Marc, 405

Kant, Immanuel, 41

Kaplan, David B., 403

Keats, John, 259

Kelly, Ellsworth, 267

Kelly, Kevin, 414

Kendall, Henry, 100

Kennedy, Anthony, 416

Kepler, Johannes, 30, 31, 62

Kibble, Tom, 117, 423
n

kink, 250,
250

Klein, Calvin, 401

Klein, Oskar, 314, 320

Koerner, Joseph, 35

Koons, Jeff, 409

Kosslyn, Stephen, 13

Kovar, Dennis, xxi

Kristof, Nicholas, 206–7

Kyoto Protocol, 189

landscape, 338–39, 412

Large Electron-Positron Collider
see
LEP

large extra dimensions, 318–22

Large Hadron Collider
see
LHC

large scales,
347
, 348–49

Lawrence, Ernest, 98–99

Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, 99

lead tungstate crystals, 229–30,
230

Leclerc, Georges-Louis, 401

Lederman, Leon, 287

Lee, T. D., 214–15

Lehmann, Harry V., 167–68

Lemaître, Georges, 47

Leonhardt, David, 196–97

LEP (Large Electron-Positron Collider), 105–6, 108,
110
, 130–31, 150

lepton, 114–19,
115
,
242
, 243–46, 425
n

Levenson, Tom, 33

Le Verrier, Urbain Jean Joseph, 367–68

LHC (Large Hadron Collider), xiii–xiv, xix–xx, 103, 113–22, 127–199

black holes at.
see
LHC black holes

brief history of, 130–31, 148–65,
162–63

comparison with other colliders, 109,
110
, 111–12

computational power of, 236–40

Computing Grid, 239–40

costs and funding, 130, 146–47, 149–50, 151, 190

cryodipole magnets, 129–30, 136–40,
138

and dark matter, 119–22,
377
,
378
, 379, 381–82

and energy scale, 86–87

forecasting, 197–99

and general principles, 217–21

major issues and physics goals, 300–331

and measurements, 210–13

Safety Assessment Group, 168, 173, 174

search for Higgs boson, 286–96

setting,
132

vacuum, 129–30, 140–42

see also
ATLAS; CMS

LHC black holes, xix, 166–77, 179–80, 195

liberal education, 201–2

light

and atomic scales, 77–78

and dark matter, 120

and small wavelengths, 95–97

speed of.
see
speed of light

theories of, 21–25

light quarks,
73
, 289

linac, 133–34

Linde, Andrei, 363

linear accelerator, 100, 105–6

Lipinski, Daniel, xxii

Lippershey, Hans, 32, 37

lithium, 356

Llewellyn Smith, Christopher, 150

Lloyd, Humphrey, 22–23

logic, 12, 38–39, 43–44, 57

Louis XVI of France, 10

Lightest Supersymmetric Particle (LSP), 308,
309
, 381–82

luminosity, 103, 112, 294

LSP
see
Lightest Supersymmetric Particle

Luther, Martin, 61–62

LUX (Large Underground Xenon Detector), 384, 386

Mad Men
(TV show), 44

Maestlin, Michael, 62

magnetic moment, 210–11, 212

magnets (magnetic fields)

ATLAS, 224, 225, 234–36

CMS, 224, 234–35

LHC, 129–30, 136–40, 149, 153–55

Malpighi, Marcello, 75

Mangano, Michelangelo, 173, 174

Man on Wire
(film), 398–99

maps, 13–14

Mariana Trench, 348

marine biology, 47

mass, 116–19

see also
Planck mass; weak mass scale

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

(MIT), 64–65, 360

materialist view, xviii, 50–56

Matisse, Henri, 267–68

matter, 69–70, 375–76

Maxwell, James Clerk, 23

Meade, Patrick, 175–76, 330

Measure for Measure
(Levenson), 33

measurements, xix, 200–213

accuracy in particle physics, 208–10

and the LHC, 210–13

objective of, 206–8

and scientific uncertainty, 201–6

Mercury, 350, 368, 402

metaforecasting, 199

meteorology, 35

meter, 70–71

Meyrin, 222

Michelangelo, 265

microscopes, 37, 217

Milky Way, 352, 369