Lion of Jordan (115 page)

23
. Interview with Ali Shukri.

24
. Robert Fisk,
The Great War for Civilisation: The Conquest of the Middle East
(London: Fourth Estate, 2005), 183.

25
. Mahmoud Riad,
The Struggle for Peace in the Middle East
(London: Quartet, 1981), 330–34.

26
. Interview with Prince Talal bin Muhammad.

27
. Al Madfai,
Jordan, the United States and the Middle East Peace Process 1974–1991
, 64.

28
. Ibid., 54–6, 80.

1
. Queen Noor,
Leap of Faith: Memoirs of an Unexpected Life
(London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2003), 81.

2
. Ibid., 2.

3
. Ibid., 258–9.

4
. Interview with Prince Talal bin Muhammad.

5
. Interview with Ali Shukri.

6
. Interview with Cranwell G. Montgomery.

7
. Interview with King Abdullah bin Hussein.

8
. Interview with Prince Talal bin Muhammad.

9
. Ronald Reagan,
An American Life
(London: Hutchinson, 1990), 410.

10
. Interview with Richard Viets. On that first visit the Reagans invited the king and Queen Noor to lunch in their private quarters. Viets was also invited. In the middle of this small affair, Reagan suddenly said, ‘I understand that the Dead Sea is so salty that no fish can survive in it.' The comment was not germane to anything that went on before. Hussein said, ‘That's correct. No fish can survive there.' Reagan: ‘I think we can help you out. We have special fish in California and I think they would love to live in the Dead Sea.' Hussein's eyes went almost into the dome of his head; he could hardly believe that this conversation was taking place. After lunch Reagan took Viets aside and said he was going
to have members of his staff contact him to arrange the shipment of the fish. The two of them, Reagan said, were going to sort out this problem for Jordan. Viets was embarrassed but the king was characteristically good-humoured. When they met on future occasions, he would often rib Viets by saying, ‘When are you going to bring the fish?!'

11
. ‘King Appeals for Decisive Arab Action on Lebanon Situation',
Jordan Times
, 18 March 1978.

12
. Interview with Adnan Abu-Odeh.

13
. Ze'ev Schiff and Ehud Yaari,
Israel's Lebanon War
(London: Allen and Unwin, 1985), 39–44.

14
. Arye Naor,
Memshalah be-milhamah: tifkud memshelet yisrael be-milhemet levanon, 1982
[
Cabinet at War: The Functioning of the Israeli Cabinet during the Lebanon War 1982
], in Hebrew (Tel Aviv: Lahav, 1986), 119–20.

15
. Interview with Prince Talal bin Muhammad.

16
. Interview with Sharif Zaid bin Shaker.

17
. George P. Shultz,
Turmoil and Triumph: My Years as Secretary of State
(New York: Scribner's, 1993), 87.

18
. Mohamed Heikal,
Secret Channels: The Inside Story of Arab–Israeli Peace Negotiations
(London: HarperCollins, 1996), 356.

19
. Caspar Weinberger,
Fighting for Peace: Seven Critical Years at the Pentagon
(London: Michael Joseph, 1990), 101.

20
. Interview with Nicholas Veliotis.

21
. Noor,
Leap of Faith
, 215.

22
. William B. Quandt,
Peace Process: American Diplomacy and the Arab–Israeli Conflict since 1967
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001), 256–7.

23
. Raad Alkadiri, ‘Strategy and Tactics in Jordanian Foreign Policy 1967–1988' (unpublished D.Phil. thesis, University of Oxford, 1995), 138–9; and John Newhouse, ‘Profiles: Monarch',
New Yorker
, 19 September 1983.

24
. Quandt,
Peace Process
, 257.

25
. Interview with Nicholas Veliotis.

26
. Reagan,
An American Life
, 431.

1
. Raad Alkadiri, ‘Strategy and Tactics in Jordanian Foreign Policy 1967–1988' (unpublished D.Phil. thesis, University of Oxford, 1995), 175.

2
. Interview with Shimon Peres.

3
. ‘Address by His Majesty King Hussein I to the Nation, Wednesday, 19 February 1986' (Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Ministry of Information), 45.

4
. Interview with Taher al-Masri.

5
. Ibid.

6
. George P. Shultz,
Turmoil and Triumph: My Years as Secretary of State
(New York: Scribner's, 1993), 457.

7
. Ibid., 445.

8
. Ibid., 447.

9
. Madiha Rashid Al Madfai,
Jordan, the United States and the Middle East Peace Process 1974–1991
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), 169.

10
. Shultz,
Turmoil and Triumph
, 451.

11
. Ibid., 451.

12
. Interview with Shimon Peres.

13
. Moshe Zak,
Hussein oseh shalom
[
Hussein Makes Peace
], in Hebrew (Ramat-Gan: Bar-Ilan University Press, 1996), 201–2,263–4.

14
. Shultz,
Turmoil and Triumph
, 452–5.

15
. Adam Garfinkle,
Israel and Jordan in the Shadow of War: Functional Ties and Futile Diplomacy in a Small Place
(London: Macmillan, 1992), 113.

16
. Alan Hart,
Arafat: A Political Biography,
revised ed. (London: Sidgwick and Jackson, 1994), 444–6.

17
. Yossi Melman and Dan Raviv,
Behind the Uprising: Israelis, Jordanians, and Palestinians
(New York: Greenwood Press, 1989), 173.

18
. Interview with Shimon Peres.

19
. Lady Mishcon always laid on a lavish lunch for her distinguished guests and the atmosphere was usually relaxed, with a great deal of small talk and a mixture of Jewish and Arab humour. Beilin described the king as ‘smiley, very nice, very friendly, very outgoing, and surprisingly modest'. Interview with Dr Yossi Beilin.

20
. Melman and Raviv,
Behind the Uprising, 166–7.

21
. Andrew Gowers and Tony Walker,
Behind the Myth: Yasser Arafat and the Palestinian Revolution
(London: W. H. Allen, 1990), 261.

22
. Shultz,
Turmoil and Triumph,
460.

23
. ‘Address by His Majesty King Hussein I to the Nation, Wednesday, 19 February 1986' (Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Ministry of Information), 85.

24
. Interview with Dr Taher Kanaan.

25
. Yehuda Lukacs,
Israel, Jordan, and the Peace Process
(New York: Syracuse University Press, 1999), 164.

26
. Melman and Raviv,
Behind the Uprising,
175; and Zak,
Hussein oseh shalom,
204–5.

27
. Shultz,
Turmoil and Triumph,
790.

28
. Queen Noor,
Leap of Faith: Memoirs of an Unexpected Life
(London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2003), 271.

29
. Shultz,
Turmoil and Triumph,
844.

30
. Interview with Adnan Abu-Odeh.

31
. Interviews with Taher al-Masri and Dr Samir Mutawi.

32
. Alan Friedman,
Spider's Web: Bush, Saddam, Thatcher and the Decade of Deceit
(London: Faber and Faber, 1993), 26–7.

33
. David Schenker,
Dancing with Saddam: The Strategic Tango of Jordanian-Iraqi Relations
(Lanham: Lexington Books, 2003), 37.

34
. For data on Jordan's finances in general see Laurie A. Brand,
Jordan's Inter-Arab Relations: The Political Economy of Alliance Making
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1994).

35
. Interview with Prince Talal bin Muhammad.

36
. Interview with Ali Shukri.

1
. Ali Mahafza,
'Ashrat a'awam min al-kifah wa al-bina: majmuat khutub jalalat al-malik Hussein bin Talal 1977–1987 [Ten Years of Struggle and Building: The Collected Speeches of His Majesty King Hussein bin Talal 1977–1987
], in Arabic (Amman: Markaz al-Kitab al-Urduni, 1988), 894–916.

2
. Shayke Ben-Porat,
Sikhot im Yossi Beilin [Talks with Yossi Beilin],
in Hebrew (Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuhad Publishing House, 1996), 89–94.

3
. Shimon Peres,
Battling for Peace: Memoirs
(London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1995), 305–9.

4
. The Peres-Hussein London Agreement, 11 April 1987, ibid., Appendix 2,361–2.

5
. Ibid., 308–9; and Yitzhak Shamir,
Summing Up: An Autobiography
(London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1994), 169.

6
. George P. Shultz,
Turmoil and Triumph: My Years as Secretary of State
(New York: Scribner's, 1993), 938–9.

7
. Ibid., 940–41.

8
. Arye Naor,
Ktovet al ha-kir: le'an molikh ha-Likud [Writing on the Wall: Where is the Likud Leading?],
in Hebrew (Tel Aviv: Edanim, 1988), 177–9.

9
.
New York Times,
13 May 1987, quoted in Andrew Gowers and Tony Walker,
Behind the Myth: Yasser Arafat and the Palestinian Revolution
(London: W. H. Allen, 1990), 266.

10
. Interview with Shimon Peres.

11
. Interview with King Hussein bin Talal.

12
. Interview with Ali Shukri.

13
. Interview with Yossi Beilin.

14
. Shamir,
Summing Up, 257.

15
. Efraim Halevy,
Man in the Shadows: Inside the Middle East Crisis with the Man Who Led the Mossad
(London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2006), Chapter 1.

16
. Interview with Dan Meridor.

17
.
Yediot Aharonot,
4 February 1994, quoted in Yehuda Lukacs,
Israel, Jordan, and the Peace Process
(New York: Syracuse University Press, 1999), 173.

18
. Queen Noor,
Leap of Faith: Memoirs of an Unexpected Life
(London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2003), 276.

19
. Interview with Marwan Kasim.

20
.
The
50
Years War,
transcript of interview for six-part BBC television series, Middle East Centre Archive, St Antony's College, Oxford (1998), King Hussein, 2 March 1997.

21
. Interview with King Abdullah bin Hussein.

22
. Interview with Dan Meridor.

23
. Shultz,
Turmoil and Triumph,
942–3.

24
. Ibid., 944–7.

25
. Noor,
Leap of Faith,
277.

26
. Interview with Taher al-Masri.

27
. ‘Talking Points: Hussein – First Meeting' [n.d.], Box 28, ‘The Papers of Philip Geyelin', Middle East Centre Archive, St Antony's College, Oxford.

28
. Shultz,
Turmoil and Triumph,
947–8.

29
. Interview with Taher al-Masri.

30
. Address by King Hussein to the Arab League Summit Conference, Amman, 8 November 1987, Mahafza,
'Ashrat a'awam min al-kifah wa al-bina,
1,058–60.

31
.
The
50
Years War,
King Hussein, 2 March 1997.

1
. Don Peretz,
Intifada: The Palestinian Uprising
(Boulder, Co: Westview Press, 1990), 167.

2
. George P. Shultz,
Turmoil and Triumph: My Years as Secretary of State
(New York: Scribner's, 1993), 1,018–26.

3
.
The
50
years War,
transcript of interview for six-part BBC television series, Middle East Centre Archive, St Antony's College, Oxford (1998), Zaid Rifa'i, 6 March 1997.

4
. Ze'ev Schiff and Ehud Yaari,
Intifada: The Palestinian Uprising – Israel's Third Front
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990), 297–9.