 | 1975); Diana E. H. Russell,
The Politics of Rape
(New York: Stein & Day, 1975); Susan Griffin, "Rape: The All-American Crime,"
Ramparts
(September 1971), reprinted in
Feminism and Philosophy
, ed. Mary Vetterling-Braggin, Frederick A. Elliston, and Jane English (Totowa, N.J.: Littlefield, Adams, 1978), 31332; Kathleen Barry,
Female Sexual Slavery
(Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1979); Catharine A. MacKinnon,
Sexual Harassment of Working Women
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979) and
Feminism Unmodified: Discourses on Life and Law
(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1987); Schechter,
Women and Male Violence
; Allison and Wrightsman,
Rape
; Martin,
Battered Wives
; Tifft,
Battering of Women
; Barnett and LaViolette,
It Could Happen to Anyone
; Rush,
The Best-Kept Secret
; Armstrong,
Kiss Daddy Goodnight
; Russell,
Sexual Exploitation
; French,
The War against Women
; Sandra Butler,
Conspiracy of Silence: The Trauma of Incest
(Volcano, Calif.: Volcano Press, 1978, 1985); Judith Lewis Herman,
Trauma and Recovery
(New York: Basic Books, 1992); Valerie Heller, "Sexual Liberalism and Survivors of Sexual Abuse," in Leidholdt and Raymond,
The Sexual Liberals
, 15761; R. Emerson Dobash and Russell Dobash,
Violence against Wives: A Case against the Patriarchy
(New York: Free Press, 1979).
|
| 7. Christina Sommers, Camille Paglia, Katie Roiphe, and Rene Denfeld are examples of contemporary feminists with diverse philosophical views about sex and sexuality; yet they share a skepticism of the ways in which radical feminism characterizes the sexual intimidation of the modern American woman. See Sommers,
Who Stole Feminism?
, chaps. 1, 9, 10, and 11; Christina Sommers, "Feminist Philosophers Are Oddly Unsympathetic to the Women They Claim to Represent,"
Chronicle of Higher Education
, 11 October 1989, and "Do These Feminists Like Women?,"
Journal of Social Philosophy
21 (fall/winter 1990): 6674; Camille Paglia,
Sex, Art, and American Culture
(New York: Vintage Books, 1992), 4674, and
Vamps and Tramps: New Essays
(New York: Vintage Books, 1994), 2467, 18890, 25076; Roiphe,
The Morning After
, 8112; Rene Denfeld,
The New Victorians: A Young Woman's Challenge to the Old Feminist Order
(New York: Warner Books, 1995), 121, 5889. A discussion and critique of these authors' views are included in this chapter.
|
| 8. Marilyn Frye,
The Politics of Reality: Essays in Feminist Theory
(Trumansburg, N.Y.: Crossing Press, 1983), 7.
|
| 9. See especially Brownmiller,
Against Our Will
, and Griffin, "Rape"; Schechter,
Women and Male Violence
; Tifft,
Battering of Women
; Denise Ganache, "Domination and Control: The Social Context of Dating Violence," in Levy,
Dating Violence
, 6983; also see Lorenne M. G. Clark and Debra J. Lewis, ''Rapists and Other Normal Men," in their
Rape: The Price of Coercive Sexuality
(Toronto: Canadian Women's Educational Press, 1977); Susan Rae Peterson, "Coercion and Rape: The State as a Male Protection Racket," in Vetterling-Braggin et al.,
Feminism and Philosophy
, 36566; MacKinnon,
Feminism Unmodified
, 8184, 8592.
|
| 10. See Peterson, "Coercion and Rape," 36870. For discussion of the gender politics of masculinity, see Harry Bred, ed.,
The Making of Masculinities: The New Men's Studies
(Boston: Allen & Unwin, 1987); Larry May and Robert Strikwerda, eds.,
Rethinking Masculinity: Philosophical Explorations in Light of Feminism
(Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 1992); Kenneth Clatterbaugh, ed.,
Contemporary Perspectives on Masculinity: Men, Women, and Politics in Modem Society
, 2d ed. (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1996).
|
| 11. It is an interesting statistic that three-quarters or more of the sexual abuse of boys may be perpetrated by men, not women, whereas 95 percent of the sexual abuse of girls may be perpetrated by men. See Russell,
Sexual Exploitation
, 22831, for speculations as to why sexual abuse perpetrated by women is relatively rare. For more on the sexual abuse of boys, see Mike Lew,
Victims No Longer: Men Recovering from Incest and Other Sexual Child Abuse
(New York: HarperCollins, 1988); Mic Hunter,
Abused Boys: The Neglected Victims of Sexual Abuse
(New York: Fawcett Columbine, 1990).
|
| 12. Ellen Frankel Paul, "Bared Buttocks and Federal Cases," in
Sexual Harassment: Con-
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