Marlborough (91 page)

prorogues Parliament (1703), 238

supports occasional conformity, 239

informed of Blenheim victory, 298

and tacked Occasional Conformity Bill, 299

Sarah’s breach with, 301

and Emperor’s offer of honour to Marlborough, 302

gives dowry to Marlborough’s daughter Mary, 303

and general election (1703), 304

sends reassuring letter to Marlborough, 322

values Marlborough’s advice, 327

all-party government, 351, 353–4, 363

health decline, 353–4, 463, 468

and Whig junto, 353

and appointment of successor to Peter Mews, 355

appoints Somers to Cabinet, 364

and Whig ascendancy, 412

declines Marlborough’s request for captain generalcy for life, 413, 415, 436–7

final meeting with Sarah, 436, 442

praises Malplaquet victory, 438

dismisses Godolphin, 443

dissolves Parliament (1710), 444

Sarah corresponds with after breach, 445

insists on dismissal of Sarah and daughters, 448–9

Marlborough meets (1710), 449

ceases payments on Blenheim Palace, 450

receives Willigo Godolphin with peppercorn rent for Blenheim, 454

dismisses Marlborough, 461

and payments to Marlborough, 461

approves Marlborough’s departure for continent, 463

and Hanoverian succession, 467–8

death and burial, 469–70

and Marlborough’s return from continent, 469

Marlborough pleads for mercy for libeller, 480
see also
Cockpit, the

Antwerp:

French wish to control, 66

Allied attempt on (1703), 241–4

Marlborough takes, 349

Marlborough proposes as capital of Spanish Netherlands, 371

Marlborough visits (1812–13), 464, 467, 469

Arco, Jean Baptiste, comte d’, 270–4, 276

Ardennes, 249

Argyll, Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of, 94–6, 108, 110–11, 128

Argyll, John Campbell, 2nd Duke of:

fights duel, 21

shares command with Cadogan, 211

attacks Ramillies, 344

at Oudenarde, 386

on Webb’s loquaciousness, 401

opposes Marlborough’s bid for captain generalcy for life, 415

at Malplaquet, 426, 428

denies wearing breastplate, 428

supports Harley, 442

purged from army, 467

command in 1715 Jacobite rebellion, 470

qualities, 477

Arleux, 454, 456

Arlington, Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of, 45–7, 51, 60, 63, 69, 76

arms and armour:

development and supply, 204–5

Armstrong, Captain-Lieutenant Sir Thomas, 17

army (British):

under Charles II, 48–50, 53–4, 78

officers’ commissions and careers, 54–5, 446–7

James II’s, 131–5

Catholics in, 132–4, 140

and conspiracy against James II, 140

Marlborough advocates reform, 140

Marlborough remodels under William, 158–9

mutiny (1689) and desertions, 158, 160, 221–2

supply and foraging, 160–1

unrest and dissatisfaction in, 160

reduced after Treaty of Ryswick, 189

strength of units, 216, 221

recruitment, 221

qualities and character, 477–8

Arneth, Alfred, Ritter von, 375

Arni, Eric Gruber von, 266, 306

Arras, 453, 455

Artagnan, Charles de Batz de Castelmore, comte d’, 76

Artaignan, Lieutenant General Joseph de Montesquiou, comte d’, 384, 387–8, 424, 432

artillery
see
cannon

Ashe House, Dorset, 41–3

asiento de negros
, 458

Asse, Flanders, 374–5

Ath, 349, 395

Athens:

siege of Acropolis (1687), 74

Athlone, General Godert de Ginkel, 1st Earl of, 169, 171, 224

Atkinson, C.T., 80, 171, 184, 429

Atkyns, Captain Richard, 40

Aubach, Lieutenant General, Count of, 312

Aubenchel le Sec, 454

Aughrim, battle of (1691), 16, 171

Augsburg, 251

see also
League of Augsburg

Augustus II, King of Poland-Lithuania, 357

Aulnois gap, 422–3

Austria (Empire):

in War of Spanish Succession, 193, 362

Hungary rebels against, 250–1

war with Spain, 459

Auvergne, Major General François Egon de la Tour, 426, 430

Avesnes le Comte, 455

Axminster, 113

Aylmer, Admiral Matthew, Baron, 137

Ayres, Captain (of
Gloucester
), 97–8

Baden, Ludwig Wilhelm I, Margrave of (Prince Louis):

and Boufflers’ advance on Rhine, 224

command on Rhine, 241, 251–2, 268

military career, 251

Marlborough promises to supply, 253

favours attack on Moselle, 255–6

at the Schellenberg, 268, 270–2, 274–5

disagreements with Marlborough, 270

objects to plundering of Bavaria, 278

and Marlborough/Eugène’s strategy, 279

at siege of Landau, 305

defeated at Speyerbach, 305

misses Blenheim, 305, 309

and Marlborough’s 1705 campaign, 309–10, 312

wounded at Schellenberg, 309

takes waters, 311

exasperates Marlborough by slow progress, 326

and Marlborough’s 1706 campaign plans, 330–1

defeated on Rhine by Villars (1706), 331–2

Baden, Treaty of (1714), 459

Bank of England:

established (1694), 189

Barcelona:

captured by British, 329

Barillon, Paul, 109

Barrier Treaty, First (1709), 435

Bart, Jean, 188

Bastide, comte de la, 272

Bate, Revd Richard and Elizabeth, 22

Bath:

in Monmouth rebellion, 117

Anne’s court in, 180

Sarah visits, 239

Bathurst, Sir Benjamin, 108, 190

Bathurst, Frances, Lady (
née
Apsley), 104, 108

battle, order of, 212–13

Bavaria:

defects to France, 248, 249–50, 252

Prince William of Baden in, 251

Marlborough fails to defeat, 261

troops at Donauwörth, 273

harassed
and plundered, 277–8, 283, 480

Tallard joins, 277–9, 280–1

and battle of Ramillies, 333, 338, 346

and absorption of Mindelheim, 463, 466

Bavaria, Maximilian Emmanuel, Elector of:

allies with French, 193, 239, 250

at Höchstädt, 248

and Marlborough’s campaign in Germany, 251, 253–4, 256, 268

at Donauwörth, 269–72

Marlborough harries, 277–8, 283

and confusion of command, 282

underestimates Marlborough’s strength at Blenheim, 282

at battle of Blenheim, 289, 294

joins Villeroi on Rhine, 305

support from Duke of Berwick, 370

threatens Brussels, 402–3

disagreements with Villars, 412

Bavay, 422, 432, 434

Beachy Head, battle of (1690), 168

Beaufort, Henry Somerset, 1st Duke of, 114, 116–17, 147

Beaumont, John, 140

Bedburg, 258

Bedmar, Isidor Jean Joseph Dominique de la Cueva de Benavide, Count of, 242, 244

Behn, Aphra, 18

Beinheim, Major General, 275

Belcastel, Pierre de, 253

Belfort, 249

Bellew, Colonel Thomas, 19, 24

Bence-Jones, Mark and Hugh Montgomery-Massingberd, 27

Benson, William, 22

Bentinck, Anne (
née
Villiers), 162

Bentinck, William
see
Portland, 1st Earl of

Bergen op Zoom, 242, 246

Bergeyck, Jean de Brouchoven, comte de, 371

Bergh, Johan van den, 371, 438–9

Berkeley House, Piccadilly, 180–1

Berkeley, Colonel John
see
Fitzharding, Baron

Berkeley, George, 1st Earl of, 180

Berkeley, Rear Admiral John, 3rd Baron, 183

Berlin:

Marlborough visits, 305, 329

Berry, Sir John, 97–9

Berwick, Anne, Duchess of (
née
Bulkeley), 165

Berwick, James FitzJames, Duke of:

status, 3

memoirs, 8

dukedom, 27

defeats Galway at Almanza, 28, 209, 356

birth, 48

suppresses Protestant insurrection, 130

replaces Oxford as colonel of Blues, 138

and William’s invasion of England, 148, 150

and Jacobite rebellion (1715), 153

marriage, 165

secret visits to England, 186–7

on Schomberg’s garter at Boyne, 195

captures Kerr, 215

on Marlborough’s defeat of Boufflers, 230

requests pass for master of horse, 248

command in Spain, 350, 358

sends troops to Italy and Toulon, 358–9

command in Spanish Netherlands (1708), 370, 372, 379, 393

Louis XIV suggests sending support to Elector of Bavaria, 370

and Allied siege of Lille, 395–6

Marlborough maintains relations with, 467

Bethkany, Countess Eleanora, 266

Béthune, 393, 419, 451, 455

Biron, Lieutenant General Charles Armand de Gontaut, marquis de, 382–4, 392

Bishop, Corporal Matthew:

on campaigns, 8

at battle of Oudenarde, 390

at demolition of Ypres ramparts, 393

on casualties at Malplaquet, 433–4

on ending of war, 462

qualities, 477

Black Forest, 250

Blackader, Colonel John:

papers, 8

on campaign in Germany (1704), 265

piety, 265

on speed of movement in Marlborough’s 1705 campaign, 311

at battle of Ramillies, 340–1

at battle of Oudenarde, 389

at siege of Lille, 397

on casualties at Malplaquet, 433

Bland, Sir John, 280

Blandford, John Churchill, Marquess of (Marlborough’s son):

portrait, 12

death from smallpox, 16, 234–6, 257, 481

birth, 102

family life, 190

Blandford, William (Willigo) Godolphin, Marquess of, 449, 454

Blanzac, Brigadier Charles de La Rochefoucauld-Roye, marquis de, 296, 366

Blathwayt, William, 90, 134–5, 158, 200, 207, 210–11

Blenheim, battle of (1704):

Franco-Bavarian army defeated, 252

deployment and engagement, 282–96, 479

casualties, prisoners and captured equipment, 296–7

effect of victory on Tories, 298

effect on French, 356

fought on Sunday, 478–9

Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire:

building, 4, 301–2, 321, 351–2, 472–3

Vanbrugh designs, 300–1

cost and payments for, 301–2, 412, 445, 463, 472

Anne ceases payments for, 450

Marlboroughs occupy, 473

Hawksmoor takes over building, 477

Sarah finishes, 477

Bléron Farm, 424

Blood, Colonel Holcroft, 272, 280, 291, 305, 313

Bloody Assizes (1685), 126, 129

Bolingbroke, Henry St John, Viscount:

on peerage, 29

Toryism, 36