Masters of Death (53 page)

17
“any purges”:
also from Heydrich’s 2 July 1941 minute, quoted in Krausnik et al. (1968), pp. 62–63.
Lange on “execution of all Jews”:
Noakes and Pridham (1998), vol. 3, p. 1093.
“a knightly Order”:
quoted in Padfield (1990), p. 139.
three-day meeting in June:
Browning (2), p. 23, n. 72.
“It is a question of existence”:
quoted in Browning (2), p. 23.

18
“On that day”:
Erwin Schulz testimony, EG Trial Tr., p. 1068.

2 VICIOUS CIRCLES

20
“eliminationist anti-Semitism”:
Goldhagen (1996), p. 48.

21
“People must be motivated”:
Goldhagen (1996), p. 24.
“a radical break”:
Goldhagen (1996), p. 28.

23
“Harsh military discipline”:
Bartov (1992), p. 59.
Stangl on Austrian police academy:
Sereny (1974), p. 28.
Belligerency:
Athens (1992), p. 57ff.

24
The belligerent subject resolves to resort to violence:
Athens (1992), p. 60.

25 Mixed populations of pacifist and marginally violent: cf. Athens (1998).
Stage four: virulency:
Athens (1992), p. 72ff.

27
“Within the ranks”:
Bartov (1992), p. 61.

28
Nearly thirty percent militaristic:
Merkl (1980), p. 109ff.
Ballerstedt assault:
Bromberg (1983), p. 89; Payne (1973), p. 160.
Victor on Hitler:
Victor (1998), p. 55. Middle-class morality: cf. Victor (1998), pp. 55–56.

29
“Everyone who knew Hitler”:
Rauschning (1940), p. 17.
Alois’s qualities:
Smith (1967), p. 26; Jetzinger (1958), p. 51; Bromberg (1983), p. 32.
William Patrick Hitler’s and Brigid Hitler’s testimony:
Langer (1942–43), quoted in Bromberg (1983), pp. 32–33.
Paula Hitler told John Toland:
quoted in Miller (1990a), p. 153.

30
“Hitler repeatedly talked”:
Speer (1970), p. 124.
Alois Jr. and Adolf unconscious:
for Alois Jr., Toland (1976), p. 9; for Adolf, Miller (1990b), p. 97, and Victor (1998), p. 29.
Teachers’ labels:
quoted in Bromberg (1983), p. 45.
Middle school teacher’s testimony:
Eduard Huemer, quoted in Redlich (1998), p. 16.
“It was not long”:
quoted in Toland (1976), p. 13.
Kubizek on Hitler’s orations and anti-Semitism:
quoted in Toland (1976), p. 20; Fleming (1984), p. 4.
“In Vienna I learnt”:
Calic (1971), p. 67.
“This pathological, evil-smelling world”:
Fest (1970), pp. 8–9.

31
“At that time I formed”:
quoted in Jäckel (1972), pp. 108–9.
“To me, those hours”:
Hitler (1927, 1971), pp. 161–63.
“The orders he carried”:
Gilbert (1950), p. 35.

32
“Thus it went on”:
quoted in Maser (1971), p. 96.
“distinguishing the broad outlines”:
Hitler (1927, 1971), p. 203.
“the greatest villainy”:
Hitler (1927, 1971), p. 202.
“The old gentleman”:
Hitler (1927, 1971), p. 204.

33
“Do you know”:
Calic (1971), p. 39.
“As I lay there”:
quoted in Victor (1998), p. 136.

33
“At its roots”:
Fest (1970), p. 71.
“World War I brought”:
Wolf (1999), pp. 219–20.

34
“It is nonsense”:
Merkl (1980), p. 13.
“foreign influences”:
Hitler in a February 1915 letter, quoted in Jäckel (1972), p. 117.
“a racial tuberculosis”:
quoted in Fest (1970), p. 16.
“The effects of the inflation”:
Bramwell (1985), pp. 34–35.
“welcomed the misery”:
Bromberg (1983), p. 94.
Hanging all the Jews:
Fleming (1984), p. 28–29.

35
“Experience teaches us”:
quoted in Victor (1998), p. 133.
“Suddenly the opposition”:
Girard (1978), p. 24.
“The revolution of 1918”:
Jäckel (1981), p. 52.
Hitler’s idea of a war against the Soviet Union:
Jäckel (1981), p. 32.
“four new aspects”:
Jäckel (1981), p. 53.

36
“had now turned into their extinction”:
Jäckel (1981), p. 57.
“Associates of Hitler”:
Victor (1998), p. 80.
“The final aim of our policy”:
quoted in Krausnik et al. (1968), p. 34.
“Out with them”:
quoted in Krausnik et al. (1968), p. 34.

37
Evian:
cf. Morse (1968), p. 199ff; Feingold (1970), p. 22ff.
“We are going to destroy”:
quoted in Krausnik et al. (1968), p. 44.

3 BARBAROSSA

38
“the crack of rifle shots”:
Knappe and Brusaw (1992), p. 180.
“Polish civilians”:
Knappe and Brusaw (1992), p. 181.
“people were fleeing”:
Smolar (1989), p. 4.
Actions in the border towns:
cf. Kwiet (1998).
Small advance detachment:
according to Stahlecker Report, Gitelman (1997), p. 265.

39
Lithuanian irregulars:
Stahlecker Report, quoted in Klee et al. (1988), p. 26.
Bakers’ company accounts:
Klee et al. (1988), pp. 32–35.

41
Colonel’s testimony:
Klee et al. (1988), p. 28ff.
Military photographer’s testimony:
Klee et al. (1988), p. 31ff.

42
Vainilavicius testimony:
Baranauskas (1970), pp. 194–95.
Stahlecker Report:
in variant translations in Klee et al. (1988), p. 24ff, and Gitelman (1997), p. 265ff. Klimaitis and Zigonys: OSR USSR No. 12, Arad et al. (1989), p. 7.
“long columns”:
Klee et al. (1988), p. 29.

43 EK 1b report: OSR USSR No. 8, Arad et al. (1989), p. 1.
“utterly ridiculous”:
Mishell (1988), p. 27.
“heavy masonry walls”:
Mishell (1988), p. 38.

44
Seventh Fort survivor:
Mishell (1988), p. 38ff.

45 fifteen hundred people: MacQueen (1996), p. 47, n. 43.
“The women were immediately”:
Mishell (1988), p. 44.

45
“It was thought a good idea”:
quoted in Klee et al. (1988), p. 24.
“The attempts at self-cleansing”:
quoted in Longerich (1997), p. 263.
Early pogroms:
The Stahlecker Report speaks specifically of “Klimatis” [
sic
] “starting a pogrom with the aid of instructions given him by a small advance detachment [of EG A] operating in Kovno.” Gitelman (1997), p. 265.

46
“When Lithuanian and Latvian”:
Gitelman (1997), p. 266. Lithuanian NKVD numbers: MacQueen (1996), p. 33. Lithuanian deportations: MacQueen (1996), p. 34.
“Our conversation”:
Mishell (1988), p. 10.
Ukrainian NKVD executions:
Boshyk (1986), p. 43.
“It was not only”:
Boshyk (1986), p. 11.

47
“Jews were paraded”:
Himka (1997), p. 174.
“The Security Police”:
Gitelman (1997), p. 265.
“the good coffee”:
quoted in Padfield (1990), p. 339.
Augustowo and Grodno:
Breitman (1991), p. 170.
Bialystok raid:
Kwiet (1993), p. 82ff; Browning (2000), p. 120ff.

48
Himmler unhappy with death toll:
Angrick (1994), p. 334.
Montua order:
Kwiet (1993), p. 84.

49
Blume testimony:
EG Trial Tr., p. 1778ff.

4 ACROSS THE PALE

53
“the so-called Jewish segment”:
OSR USSR No. 33, Arad et al. (1989), p. 47.
“The days were long”:
Knappe and Brusaw (1992), p. 194.
“the Jerusalem of Lithuania,” Jewish museum:
Kostanian (1996), p. 4.
Jewish and Polish hostages:
Arad (1982), p. 47.
Stahlecker on Lithuanian view:
Stahlecker Report, p. 112, quoted in Arad (1982), p. 49.

54
Heydrich 1 July 1941 order:
Arad (1982), p. 46, n. 7; OSR USSR No. 10, Arad et al. (1989), p. 2.
150-man MP unit; “the auxiliary’s first task”:
OSR USSR No. 17, 21, Arad et al. (1989), p. 15, p. 22.
“Fifty-four Jews”:
OSR USSR No. 17, Arad et al. (1989), p. 15.
“the great grave”:
Rudashevski (1973), p. 41.

55
Ponary eyewitness testimony:
Klee et al. (1988), pp. 38–45. “To the Germans”: quoted in MacQueen (1996), p. 36.

57 “In Vilnius by 8 July”: OSR USSR No. 21, Arad et al. (1989), pp. 22–23.

58
“Dust and rain”:
Malaparte (1957), p. 159.

59
“Death to Jews”:
Sabrin (1991), p. 7. “wild confusion” in Luck: OSR USSR No. 24, Arad et al. (1989), p. 31.
Number of Ukrainians imprisoned and killed:
OSR USSR No. 24, Arad et al. (1989), pp. 31–32.

59
several hundred Jewish citizens:
OSR USSR No. 24, Arad et al. (1989), pp. 31–32.

60
“nervous breakdown”:
EG Trial Tr., p. 1524.
Häfner testimony:
Klee et al. (1988), pp. 111–12.
Von Radetzky testimony:
EG Trial Tr., p. 4162.
1,160 Luck Jews:
OSR USSR No. 24, Arad et al. (1989), p. 32.

61 EG arrival in Lvov: OSR USSR No. 10, Arad et al. (1989), p. 2.
Insurrection:
OSR USSR No. 10, Arad et al. (1989), p. 3; Bandera proclamation: Sabrin (1991), p. 5.
“the prisons in Lvov”:
OSR USSR No. 24, Arad et al. (1989), p. 31.
Lvov Jewish resident’s diary:
Gitelman (1997), pp. 278–80.
“7,000 Jews”:
OSR USSR No. 24, Arad et al. (1989), p. 31.

62
Landau diary:
Klee et al. (1988), p. 88 ff.

63
Otto testimony:
IMT NO-4434.

64
“inspired”:
OSR USSR No. 19, Arad et al. (1989), p. 19.
“We saw trenches”:
Sabrin (1991), p. 53.
Three German corpses:
Hilberg (1985), p. 311.
Margolies testimony:
Sabrin (1991), p. 61ff.
House burning on Russian Street:
Sabrin (1991), p. 270.

66
A Trembowla Jewish eyewitness:
Joseph Einleger, Sabrin (1991), p. 132ff.

67
Briller narrative:
Sabrin (1991), pp. 283–84.

5 TRUEHEARTED HEINRICH I

70
“stork in a lily pond”:
Schellenberg (1956), p. 317.
Rauschning re. Himmler:
Rauschning (1942), pp. 266–67.
“If I looked like Himmler”:
quoted in Padfield (1990), p. 297.
“a good fellow”:
quoted in Manvell and Fränkel (1965), pp. 16–17.