Men of Mathematics (114 page)

Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick,
224
,
231
–2,
241
,
243
–6,
248

Fermat, Clément-Samuel,
58

Fermat, Dominique,
57

Fermat, Pierre,
7
,
35
, chap.
4
,
73
–4,
86
,
102
,
118
–9,
133
–4,
140
,
152
,
161
–2,
228
,
236
–8,
253
,
261
,
284
,
311
,
337
,
465
,
472
–3,
488
,
510
,
513
–4

field,
355
,
357
,
469
–70,
473
,
514
,
522

Fleming, Admiral,
50

Foncenex, D. le,
154

formalism,
287

Forsyth, A. R.,
402

Fourier, Jean-Baptiste-Joseph,
105
,
176
,
178
, chap.
12
,
318
,
338
–9,
496
,
538
–9,
561

fractions, continued,
368

Franklin, Fabian,
397

Frederick the Great,
141
,
148
,
153
,
159
–60,
165
,
244

Frege, Gottlob,
567
,
575
–7,
579

Fresnel, A. J.,
351

Fricke, Robert,
516

Fuchs, Lazarus,
540

functions,
98
–9,
101
–4,
140
,
169
,
179
,
201
,
223
,
232
,
248
–50,
252
,
260
,
263
,
265
,
275
–7,
284
,
318
–20,
322
–4,
329
,
333
–5,
338
,
348
–9,
364
,
377
,
407
,
413
,
430
,
455
,
457
,
460
–2,
480
,
487
–95,
508
,
515
,
529
,
540
–1,
550
–1,
578

functions, Abelian,
338
,
398
,
408
,
416
,
419
–20,
451
,
455
,
492
,
495
,
499
–500

functions, automorphic,
530
,
540
–1

functions, elliptic,
127
,
202
,
228
–9,
247
,
253
,
259
–60,
282
,
320
,
322
,
324
,
329
,
331
,
333
,
335
–8,
372
,
382
,
386
,
408
,
413
–4,
430
,
453
,
455
,
461
,
469
,
477
–9,
517
,
539
–41,
550

functions, multiple periodic,
408
,
452
–3,
455
,
515
,
539

Galileo,
16
,
20
,
26
,
36
,
41
,
45
–6,
80
,
84
,
93
,
121
,
129
,
291
,
566

Galois, Adélaïde-Marie Demante,
362

Galois, Evariste,
3
,
164
–5,
167
,
270
,
312
,
362
, chap.
20
,
381
,
408
,
437
,
449
,
450
,
476
–7,
518
,
536

Galois, Nicolas-Gabriel,
362
,
369
–70

Galton, Francis,
137
,
202
,
323

Gauss, Carl Friedrich,
3
–4,
20
,
28
,
64
,
67
,
69
,
72
,
105
,
108
,
120
,
146
,
151
,
161
–2,
167
,
186
, chap.
14
,
271
,
284
,
286
,
297
,
308
,
313
–4,
328
,
331
,
333
,
335
,
337
,
354
,
356
,
359
,
377
,
380
,
389
,
405
–7,
443
,
448
,
450
,
455
–8,
472
–4,
478
,
486
,
488
–89,
491
–3,
495
–8,
501
,
507
–8,
510
,
512
–8,
525
,
527
,
533
,
535
,
537
,
539
,
541
,
547
,
556
–7,
561
,
569

Gauss, Dorothea Benz,
219
–20,
224

Gauss, Friederich,
219

Gauss, Johanne Osthof,
243

Gauss, Minna Waldeck,
243

Gelfond, Alexis,
463
–4

Gelon,
29

geodesic,
302
,
305
–6,
507

geometry,
13
–4,
20
–2,
27
,
31
,
33
,
40
,
52
–5,
59
–62,
66
–7,
74
–8,
84
–5,
96
,
109
,
123
,
127
,
140
,
147
,
154
,
183
–4,
186
–7,
207
–17,
223
,
227
–8,
233
,
236
,
242
,
254
,
256
,
260
,
263
–8,
272
,
277
,
282
,
284
,
286
,
294
,
299
–306,
317
,
322
,
324
,
346
–9,
355
,
358
,
364
,
367
–9,
381
–2,
398
–400,
403
,
443
,
448
,
451
,
458
,
464
,
469
,
474
,
478
–81,
485
,
489
–91,
493
,
498
,
500
,
503
–4,
506
,
508
,
510
,
513
–7,
522
,
527
,
531
,
535
,
537
,
541
,
569
,
577

geometry, analytic,
5
–7,
32
,
40
–1,
52
–7,
59
–64,
93
,
123
,
133
,
139
,
147
,
154
,
199
–200,
211
–2,
233
,
248
,
399
,
517

geometry, descriptive,
183
,
185 −6
,
207
,
240
,
452

geometry, foundations,
497
–8,
502
–3

geometry,
n
-dimensional,
399
–400

geometry, non-Euclidean,
6
,
108
,
127
,
186
,
214
,
223
,
230
–1,
240
,
256
,
260
,
264
,
266
,
294
,
297
,
300
–6,
358
–60,
379
,
398
–9,
439
,
473
–4,
493
–5,
503
–5,
507
–9,
513
,
550
–1

geometry, projective,
78
,
206
–10,
212
–7,
398
–9

Germain, Sophie,
253
,
261
–3

Gibbon, Edward,
257

Gilbert, Wm.,
36

Gilman, Arthur,
394

Goethe, J. W. von,
257

Goldbach, C.,
405

Gounod, Charles François,
386

Grassmann, Hermann,
123

Gregory, D. F.,
438

Gregory, James,
125

Grote, Geo.,
381

groups,
6
,
68
,
165
,
268
,
271
–2,
278
–81,
283
,
451
,
495
,
515
,
518
,
540
,
551

groups, abstract,
282
,
375
–6

groups, continuous,
268
,
529

Gudermann, Christof,
412
–3,
424

Hachette, J. N. P.,
318
,
320

Hadamard, Jacques,
54
,
212

Halley, Edmund,
105
,
108
–10,
153

Halphen, Georges,
403

Hamilton, Eliza,
345

Hamilton, James,
340
–1

Hamilton, Sarah Hutton,
340

Hamilton, Sir Wm.,
438
–9,
440
–1

Hamilton, William Rowan,
16
,
29
,
66
,
123
,
133
–4,
155
,
260
–1,
270
,
331
,
334
,
338
, chap.
19
,
514

Hansteen, Christoph,
319

Hardy, G. H.,
488

Hegel, G. W. F.,
239
–41,
439
,
469

Heiberg, J. L.,
31

Heisenberg, W.,
19
,
402

Helmholtz, H. von,
424

Henry, C.,
86

Herbart, J. F.,
491

Hermite, Charles,
4
,
164
,
183
,
273
,
307
,
320
,
368
,
422
, chap.
24
,
476
–7,
501
,
515
,
535
–6,
543
,
568
,
571

Hermitian forms,
458
–9

Herschel, Sir William,
239
,
438

Hertz, Heinrich,
16

Hieron II,
29
,
33

Hilbert, David,
63
,
239
,
443
,
463
,
566
,
576
–8

Hipparchus,
109
,
361

Hitler, Adolf,
516

Holmboë, Bernt Michael,
308
–9,
312
,
315
,
318
,
325
,
329

Hooke, Robert,
107
–8

Horace,
307
,
320
,
397

Humbert, Georges,
540

Humboldt, Alexander von,
204
,
242
,
245
,
259
,
333

Hume, David,
146

Huntington, E. V.,
444

Huygens, Christian,
84
,
107
,
123
–5,
129
,
134
,
350
–1

ideals,
408
,
510
,
513
,
522
–4

ideal, prime,
524

identical operation, identity,
279
–80

imaginaries,
356
,
372
,
399
,
493

infinite,
6
,
22
–5,
27
,
69
–71,
75
,
89
,
123
,
151
,
168
–9,
199
,
201
,
211
–2,
216
,
222
–4,
236
–7,
250
,
274
,
283
,
286
–7,
309
,
351
,
355
,
394
,
400
,
407
–8,
446
,
448
,
462
–3,
480
,
487
–8,
492
,
514
,
520
–3,
539
–41,
543
,
549
,
553
,
555
–8,
561
–2,
564
–71,
573
–9

invariance, invariants,
6
,
78
,
165
,
230
,
283
,
378
–9,
382
–3,
386
,
388
,
390
–2,
395
,
398
,
401
,
403
,
437
,
448
,
459
,
509
,
540
,
545

irreducibles,
472
,
515
,
569

Jacobi, Carl Gustav Jacob,
16
,
21
,
52
,
140
,
229
–30,
259
–60,
270
,
320
–4, chap.
18
,
346
–77,
408
,
418
,
420
,
448
,
452
–6,
463
,
468
–9,
489
,
512
,
515
,
517
,
528
,
541
,
544