Muslim Fortresses in the Levant: Between Crusaders and Mongols (122 page)

48 Ibn Shaddād
fī dhikr umarā al-shām wa’l-jazīra
(Damascus, 1972), 86–7.

49 Al-Qalqashandī, Shihāb
(Beirut, 1987), vol. 4, 89.

50 Ibn Shaddād,
, vol. 2, pt. 2, 87.

51 Johns, “
,” 23.

52 Ibn al-Athīr,
Kāmil
, vol. 12, 22–3,
al-Dīn,
,
167–9.

53 Ibid., vol. 12, 300.

54 Marshall,
Warfare
, 65.

55 Benvenisti, M.,
The Crusaders in the Holy Lan
(Jerusalem, 1976), 297. Thee is no historical evidence of the Mamluk conquest.

56 Tamari, “Darb al-Hajj,” 448, fn. 4.

57 The architecture and its origins will be discussed in detail later in this chapter.

58 Abū Shāma, Shihāb
,
Kitāb
(Beirut, 1997), vol. 3:21, 105, 107, 288, 339–40.

59 Ibid., vol. 2, 88.

60 Al-Maqrīzī, Taqī al-Dīn
duwal al-mulūk
(Beirut, 1997), vol. 1, 75.

61 Ibid., vol. 1, 193.

62 Ibid., vol. 1, 199–200.

63 Yāqūt al-Rūmī (d. 626/1229) reports in a short passage in the
that the fortress is in ruins. He began to write this work in 615/1218–19; the final draft dates to 625/1228, and the fortress fell into decay some time during those ten years. Yāqūt al-Rūmī,
(Beirut, 1957), vol. 3, 397.

64 Ibn Shaddād,
, vol. 2, pt. 2, 86.

65 Abū’l-Fidā’,
.,
fi ta’rīkh al-bashar
(Beirut, 1997), vol. 2, 206.