Nixon and Mao (50 page)

8. Chapin interview,
PCC
transcripts, roll 46, pp. 9–10.

9. Diplomatic History Institute of the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
Xin Zhongguo Wenjiao Fengyun,
vol. 3, pp. 59–70 (available at NSA, Electronic Briefing BookNo.70, Doc.21), p.6;Chapin,
PCC
transcripts, roll46, p.28;
WHY,
p. 780.

10. Memorandum of Conversation, October 21, 1971, 10:30
A.M.–
1:45
P.M.,
NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 11, pp. 8–9; Walker, p. 164.

11. Memorandum of Conversation, October 21, 1971, 10:30
A.M.–
1:45
P.M.,
NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 11, p. 3.

12.
WHY,
p. 778.

13. Memorandum of Conversation, October 22, 1971, 4:15
P.M.–
8:28
P.M.,
NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 13, p. 40; Diplomatic History Institute of the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
Xin Zhongguo Wenjiao Fengyun,
vol. 3, pp. 59–70 (available at NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 21), pp. 7–8; Chen Jian,
Mao’s China,
pp. 271–72.

14. Memorandum of Conversation, October 24, 1971, 10:28
A.M.–
1:55
P.M.,
NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 15, pp. 3–11.

15. Diplomatic History Institute of the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
Xin Zhongguo Wenjiao Fengyun
, vol. 3, pp. 59–70 (available at NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 21), p. 9;
WHY,
pp. 781–84; Memorandum of Conversation, October 24, 1971, 10:28
A.M.–
1:55
P.M.,
NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 15, p. 25; Memorandum of Conversation, October 24, 1971, 9:23
P.M.–
11:20
P.M.,
NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 16, pp. 3–11.

16. Henry A. Kissinger, Memorandum for the President, from My October China Visit: Drafting the Communiqué, p. 5 in Briefing Books I and II, NPM, National Security Council Files, For the President’s Files (Winston Lord) China/Vietnam Negotiations, Box 846;
WHY,
pp. 782–84; Chen Jian,
Mao’s China,
p. 272, n. 153.

17. Chapin,
PCC
transcripts, roll 46, pp. 14–15.

18. Bostdorff, Denise M., pp. 31–56; Memorandum of Conversation, July 10, 1971, Afternoon, NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 66, Doc. 35, p. 17; Xiong, “Mao Zedong,” p. 13;
USOH,
Supplement, Feldman.

19. National Security Study Memorandum 107 issues paper: The Entire U.N. Membership Question and U.S.-China Policy, February 9, 1971, NSA Collection; NSA, China and the United States, Doc. CH00201, NSSM-106; United States China Policy, NSA, China and the United States, Doc. CH00202; Memorandum of Conversation, July 10, 1971, Afternoon, NSA Electronic Briefing Book No. 66, Doc. 35, p. 17.

20.
USOH,
Supplement, Feldman; interview with Phillips,
PCC
transcripts, 2/1.

21. Conversation Among President Nixon, Secretary of State William Rogers, and National Security Adviser Henry Kissinger, September 30, 1971, and Conversation Between President Nixon and National Security Adviser Henry Kissinger, September 30, 1971, NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Docs. 7 and 8.

22. Interview with Phillips,
PCC
transcripts, 2, 2–3; Haldeman,
Diaries,
pp. 368–69.

23. Quoted in Isaacson, p. 352.

24. Barnouin and Yu, p. 65; Xiong, “Mao Zedong,” pp. 18–19.

25. Zhang Hanzhi, p. 279;
USOH,
Thayer; author interview with Yanhua Shi; telegram from the Mission to the United Nations to the Department of State, November 20, 1971,
FRUS,
vol. 5,
United Nations,
pp. 886–88.

26. Memorandum of Conversation, November 23, 1971, 10:00
P.M.–
11.55
P.M.,
NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, pp. 3–4, 10.

27. Interview with Mohammad Khan, “Nixon’s China Game,” PBS Web site.

28. Van Hollen, pp. 339–61.

29. See, for example, Paper Prepared by the National Security Council’s Interdepartmental Group for Near East and South Asia for the Senior Review Group, Washington, undated [April 1971?],
FRUS,
Nixon–Ford Administrations, vol. E-7, Doc. 132; Study Prepared in Response to National Security Study Memorandum 133, Washington, July 10, 1971,
FRUS,
Nixon–Ford Administrations, vol. E-7, Doc. 140.

30.
WHY,
pp. 860–61, 866–67.

31. Memorandum of Conversation, July 10, 1971, 12:10
P.M.–
6:00
P.M.,
NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 66, Doc. 35, p. 11; Memorandum for the President from Henry Kissinger, July 14, 1971, NSA Electronic Briefing Book No. 66, Doc. 40, p. 20.

32. Memorandum for the President from Henry A. Kissinger, November 11, 1972, NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 20, p. 27.

33. Conversation Among President Nixon, Henry Kissinger, and John Mitchell, December 8, 1971,
FRUS,
Nixon–Ford Administrations, vol. E-7, Doc. 165.

34. Conversation Among President Nixon, Henry Kissinger, and Sultan Khan, November 15, 1971,
FRUS,
Nixon–Ford Administrations, vol. E-7, Doc. 154.

35. Conversation Among President Nixon, Henry Kissinger, and John Mitchell, December 8, 1971, and Conversation Among President Nixon, Henry Kissinger and Alexander Haig, Washington, December 12, 1971,
FRUS,
Nixon–Ford Administrations, vol. E-7, Doc. 177.

36. Conversation Among President Nixon, Henry Kissinger, and Alexander Haig, Washington, December 12, 1971,
FRUS,
Nixon–Ford Administrations, vol. E-7, Doc. 177; Bundy, pp. 279–80 and n. 99; Memorandum of Conversation, December 10, 1971, NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 23.

37.
WHY,
pp. 913, 917–18; Isaacson, pp. 394–96; Haldeman,
Diaries,
pp. 391–97.

38. Brown interview,
PCC
transcripts, 1/V, pp. 13–15, 20–21;
USOH,
Freeman.

39. “Niksong Dangnian Fanghua Xianwei Renzhi De Neimu”; Barnouin and Yu, p. 109.

40. Haig, pp. 263–64; author interview with Zhang Hanzhi; interview with Zhang Hanzhi, “Nixon’s China Game,” PBS Web site.

41. Memorandum of Conversation, October 25, 1971, 9:50
P.M.–
11:40
P.M.,
NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 18, p. 14; Haig, pp. 259–61.

42. Haig, pp. 260–61; Memorandum of Conversation, January 3, 1971, Midnight, NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 24, pp. 1–2.

43. Memorandum of Conversation, January 3, 1971, Midnight, NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 24, pp. 4–6; “Haig’s Preparatory Mission for Nixon’s Visit to China in January 1972,”
Xin Zhongguo Waijiao Fengyun,
vol. 3, pp. 71–82, translation available in NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 26.

44. Author interview with Zhang Hanzhi; Memorandum of Conversation, January 7, 1971, 11:45
P.M.,
NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 25, pp. 3–4, 6.

45. Memorandum of Conversation, January 3, 1971, Midnight, NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 24, pp. 6–7, 9.

46. “Haig’s Preparatory Mission for Nixon’s Visit to China in January 1972,”
Xin Zhongguo Waijiao Fengyun,
vol. 3, pp. 71–82, translation available in NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 26; Memorandum of Conversation, January 7, 1971, 11:45
P.M.,
NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 25, pp. 4–5.

47. Author interview with Zhang Hanzhi; Haig interview,
PCC
transcripts, 2/33, p. 15.

48. Walker, p. 9.

CHAPTER 14: GETTING DOWN TO BUSINESS

1.
WHY,
pp. 1071–72.

2. Haldeman,
Diaries,
p. 416.

3.
WHY,
pp. 1070–71;
RN,
p. 570.

4.
WHY,
p. 1070; Memorandum of Conversation, February 21, 1972, 4:15
P.M.
– 5:30
P.M.,
NPM, National Security Council Files, HAK Office Files, Country Files–Far East, Box 92, Dr. Kissinger’s Meetings in the PRC During the Presidential Visit February 1972, pp. 2–4.

5. Chapin interview,
PCC
transcripts, roll 47, p. 19.

6. Ma, pp. 378–79.

7.
USOH,
Freeman.

8. Memorandum of Conversation, February 24, 1972, 5:15
P.M.–
8:05
P.M.,
NSA, Record of Historic Richard Nixon–Zhou Enlai Talks in February 1972, Doc. 3, pp. 10–11.

9. Memorandum of Conversation, February 21, 1972, 5:58
P.M.–
6:55
P.M.,
NSA, Record of Historic Richard Nixon–Zhou Enlai Talks in February 1972, Doc. 1, p. 8.

10. Solomon, p. 77.

11. Reeves, p. 436; NPM, White House Special Files, President’s Personal Files, Box 7, Folder “China Notes.”

12. Memorandum for the President from Henry A. Kissinger, Your Encounter with the Chinese, 5 February 1972, pp. 1–3, NPM, National Security Council Office Files, For the President’s Files (Winston Lord) China/Vietnam Negotiations, Box 847, Briefing Book V.

13. Memorandum for the President, February 19, 1972, in NPM, National Security Council Office Files, For the President’s Files (Winston Lord) China/Vietnam Negotiations, Box 847, Briefing Book IV.

14. Memorandum of Conversation, February 22, 1972, 2:10
P.M.–
6:00
P.M.,
NSA, Nixon’s Trip to China: Records Now Completely Declassified, Doc.1, pp. 4–5.

15. Ibid., pp. 6–7, 9–10, 11–12.

16. Ibid., pp. 17–18, 31.

17. Kazuo, pp. 532–34.

18. Memorandum of Conversation, February 23, 1972, 2:00
P.M.–
6:00
P.M.,
NSA, Nixon’s Trip to China: Records Now Completely Declassified, Doc. 2, pp. 2–11.

19. See, for example, Memorandum of Conversation, July 9, 1971, 4:35
P.M.
–11:20
P.M.,
NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 66, Doc. 34, p. 29; Memorandum of Conversation, July 11, 1971, 10:35
A.M.–
11:55
A.M.,
NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 66, Doc. 38, p. 14.

20. Memorandum of Conversation, February 23, 1972, 2:00
P.M.–
6:00
P.M.,
NSA, Nixon’s Trip to China: Records Now Completely Declassified, Doc. 2, pp. 18–19; Memorandum of Conversation, February 24, 1972, 5:15
P.M.–
8:05
P.M.,
NSA, Nixon’s Trip to China: Records Now Completely Declassified, Doc. 3, pp. 26–27; Memorandum for the President, November 11, 1972, NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 20, p. 4.

21. Memorandum for the President from Henry A. Kissinger, November 11, 1971, NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 20, pp. 4, 20–22; Memorandum of Conversation, February 23, 1972, 2:00
P.M.–
6:00
P.M.,
NSA, Nixon’s Trip to China: Records Now Completely Declassified, Doc. 2, pp. 16–17.

22. Memorandum of Conversation, February 22, 1972, 2:10
P.M.–
6.00
P.M.,
NSA, Nixon’s Trip to China: Records Now Completely Declassified, Doc. 1, pp. 14–17; Memorandum of Conversation, February 23, 1972, 2:00
P.M.–
6:00
P.M.,
NSA, Nixon’s Trip to China: Records Now Completely Declassified, Doc. 2, pp. 3–4, 23–24, 26–27.

23. Memorandum of Conversation, February 22, 1972, 2:10
P.M.–
6:00
P.M.,
NSA, Nixon’s Trip to China: Records Now Completely Declassified, Doc. 1, p. 13; Memorandum of Conversation, February 23, 1972, 2:00
P.M.–
6:00
P.M.,
NSA, Nixon’s Trip to China: Records Now Completely Declassified, Doc. 2, pp. 20–23, 28–31; Goh, “Nixon,” pp. 475–502.

24. Topping, p. 396.

25. Valeriani, p. 89.

26. Memorandum of Conversation, February 22, 1972, 2:10
P.M.–
6:00
P.M.,
NSA, Nixon’s Trip to China: Records Now Completely Declassified, Doc. 1, pp. 14–15, 18–19.

27. Memorandum of Conversation, July 10, 1971, Afternoon, NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 66, Doc. 35, pp. 28–29.

28. Memorandum of Conversation, 11 July 1971, 10:35
A.M.–
11:55
A.M.,
NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 66, Doc. 38, p. 9.

29. NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 13, p. 36.

30. Lord to Kissinger, December 15, 1971, NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 23, p. 2.

31. Memorandum of Conversation, February 23, 1972, 9:35
A.M.–
12:34
P.M.,
NSA, Nixon’s Trip to China: Records Now Completely Declassified, Doc. 4, pp. 2–13.

32. Ibid., pp. 14–18.

33. Ibid., p. 20.

34. Ibid., pp. 13, 20; McFarlane, p. 151.

35.
RN,
p. 568; Ambrose,
Nixon: Triumph,
p. 518; Haldeman,
Diaries,
p. 422.

CHAPTER 15: THE IRRITANT: TAIWAN

1. NPM, White House Special Files, President’s Personal Files, Box 7, Folder “China Notes.”

2.
WHY,
p. 705.

3.
RN,
p. 344.

4. Ibid., p. 523;
WHY,
pp. 705, 766.

5. Yahuda, passim; Wang, pp. 157, 159–64.

6. Memorandum of Conversation, July 11, 1971, 10:35
A.M.–
11:55
A.M.,
NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 66, Doc. 38, p. 11; Memorandum of Conversation, July 9, 1971, Afternoon and Evening, NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 66, Doc. 34, p. 13; Green, Holdridge, and Stokes, p. 124.

7. Barnouin and Yu, p. 183.

8. Fenby, p. 498.

9. Ibid., p. 43.

10. Ibid., p. 387.

11. Ibid., p. 187; Spence, pp. 526–27, 529; Tucker,
Taiwan,
pp. 32–33; Memorandum of Conversation, July 9, 1971, Afternoon and Evening, NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 66, Doc. 34, pp. 9–10.

12. Tucker,
Taiwan,
pp. 62–72; Garver,
Sino-American,
chapter 6.

13.
USOH,
Holdridge.