"Non-Germans" Under the Third Reich (306 page)

National Socialist system of government, xviii; administration in, 1–10, 30, 531–32, 544–45; administration-political leadership conflict in, 1–2; basic principles of, 10, 587
n;
law in, 2–10, 70

National Socialist Welfare Organization (NSV), 95

Nationalsozialistisches Handbuch für Recht und Gesetzgebung
(Frank), 587
n

Nationalsozialistisches Naturrecht
(Dietze), 587
n

naturalization: collective, in occupied territories, 235–36, 737
n;
law for, 110; law revoking, 108–10, 647–48
n;
of “persons of German or related extraction,” 235–37, 309

Nazi party.
See
National Socialist German Workers’ Party

Nazism.
See
National Socialist ideology; National Socialist system of government

Negroes, 60–61, 625
n

Nicolai, Helmut, 627–28
n

night and fog
(Nacht und Nebel)
cases, 367–69, 853
n
, 854
n

“no discord,” 843
n

non-Aryan (term), 86, 632
n

“non-Germans”:
vs
. “aliens,” 66; in German armed forces, 62, 122–23, 624
n;
in Nazi social order, 193, 328; police jurisdiction over, rise of, 542–44; special law for (
see
special law); as targets of
völkisch
inequality, 60–64.
See also specific groups, e.g.
, Jews,
and areas of law, e.g.
, citizenship law

Nordic race, 39, 621
n

normative standards, 531–32, 546

normative state, 628–29
n

notaries: purge of, 128, 129–30, 639–40
n
, 656
n
, 657
n;
statistics on, 655–56
n

NSDAP.
See
National Socialist German Workers’ Party

NSRB.
See
National Socialist Jurists’ League

NSV.
See
National Socialist Welfare Organization

nulla poena sine lege
, 411, 417, 420

Nuremberg, 331, 334, 602
n

Nuremberg Laws, 629
n;
and discrimination against Jewish judges/attorneys, 397; inheritance, 389; marriage, 382; tenancy, 391–92

oath-taking: by Poles and Jews, 434, 506, 881
n
, 885
n
, 921
n;
by Polish law officers, 492

obedience, duty of, 425–27

Oberlandesgericht
(court of appeal), 491

Occupied Eastern Territories: administration of, 192, 694
n
, 696
n
, 697
n;
definition of Jew in, 60; ethnic German settlers from, 263, 759
n;
Gestapo jurisdiction in, 370–72; Jewish labor as property in, 160, 674
n;
labor system in, 150, 153; local self-government in, 766–67
n;
special law implementation in, 184–85, 538–39, 542, 931–32
n;
SS behavior in, 776
n;
workers in Altreich from, 150, 152, 182, 183, 249, 668
n

Occupied Soviet Territories.
See
Occupied Eastern Territories

occupied territories: citizenship law for, 121–27, 235–36, 737
n;
justifications for special law for, 61–64, 73; respect for law of, 871–72
n;
special law implementation in, 73, 74–75, 184–85.
See also
Annexed Eastern Territories; General Government; Occupied Eastern Territories

Ohlendorf, Otto, 351

“Old Fighters/Old Guard,” 25, 70

Oldenburg, 177

Ordnungsrecht
, 592
n

orphans, Germanization of, 388–89, 863
n

Ostbahn
railway, transport theft on, 508

Ostjuden
(“eastern Jews”), in Altreich, 109, 284, 681
n

Ostland.
See
Baltic states

Ostmark Law (April 14, 1939), 201

Ostraum
, 487

outlawry (
Ächtung
), 328, 534

Palmiry, 518–19

pardons, 494–95, 516, 833
n
, 835–36
n
, 886
n
, 894
n
, 915–16
n
, 918
n
, 922
n
, 926
n;
as political blackmail, 517.
See also
mercy

Partikulargewalten
, 214, 215

Partikularrecht
, 219

Party-state relations: and administration personnel policy, 27–35, 599–606
n;
in Annexed Eastern Territories, 198–204; dualism in, 26–27; in General Government, 278, 783
n;
integration, 24–27, 597
n;
integration of organizations, 25–27; integration of personnel and offices, 24–25; Party as “corrective” to administration, 542–43; primacy of Party in, 10, 24–27, 542–43, 597
n
, 598
n

passports, of German Jews, 170, 680
n

paternity, contestation of, 478, 859
n

Paulsen, Peter, 785
n

Penal Code Amendment Law (Sept. 4, 1941), 339

penal law: language of, 9, 587
n;
military, 412; Polish
vs
. German, 414–15; wartime, 442.
See also
penal law in Altreich; penal law in Annexed Eastern Territories; penal law in General Government

“Penal Law for Alien Peoples,” efforts by police to create, 446–49

Penal Law Implementing Decree (June 6, 1940), 410, 416–18, 421–23, 434, 441, 501, 525, 527; “Special Penal Provisions for the Annexed Eastern Territories,” 417, 425, 452

penal law in Altreich, 325–78, 821–22
n;
general thrust of Nazi policy in, 325–28, 438, 823
n;
martial, 336–37; for “non-German” offenders, 328–42; police authority over, 349–65, 367–78, 835
n
, 854
n;
political, 326, 337–38, 341, 355–58, 367–69; procedural, 342–45; sentencing in, 335–40, 361–63

penal law in Annexed Eastern Territories, 332–33, 366, 410, 411–69;
vs
. civil law, 484–85; development of, 416–18, 438–39; under military administration, 411–12; political motives of, 422–25, 429, 432, 436, 437–39, 454, 877
n
, 887
n;
procedural, 429–36, 876
n;
prohibition of court-appointed defense, 343, 435–36; retroactive rulings, 412, 421, 431–32, 452, 875
n
, 885
n;
sentencing in, 415, 421, 425–27, 437–46, 449, 459, 463, 877
n
, 886
n;
sentencing statistics, 444–45; substantive, principles of, 411–29

penal law in General Government, 491–92, 494, 497–522; procedural, 500–507, 514–15; sentencing practice, 503, 507–12, 516; substantive, 497–500

pensioners, German Jewish, 147–48

pensions: in Civil Service, 92–93, 638
n;
for German Jews, 92–93, 120, 138, 139, 146–48, 395, 638
n
, 664
n;
for health professionals, 138, 139; for Poles, 222, 306; in private sector, 146–48, 664
n

People’s Court: in General Government, 504; as political special court, 337, 368, 854
n

perjury, 881
n

“personal characteristic,” definition of, 384

“personal fitness,” of civil servants, 28

Personalprinzip
, 498, 523

personnel, administrative: in Annexed Eastern Territories, 198, 202–3, 703
n
, 708–9
n;
in General Government, 278, 281–82, 509, 511–12, 769
n
, 772–75
n
.
See also
Civil Service

personnel policy: judicial, 21–24, 30–35, 341, 438, 509, 511–12, 601–6
n
, 833
n;
in Reich, integration of administrative and NSDAP personnel, 24–25, 597
n;
in Reich, NSDAP influence in, 27–35, 599–606
n

“persons capable of Germanization” (Class 3), 123–25, 209, 239–40; interpretation of, 241–46

“persons capable of re-Germanization” (Class 4), 123, 124, 125–26, 239, 240

“persons of German blood,” 113, 649
n

“persons of German descent”: citizenship policy for, 122–23, 123, 242–43, 740
n;
definition of, 740
n
.
See also under
Germans

“persons of mixed descent.”
See
Jewish
Mischlinge

“persons of racially related blood,” 113, 649
n

“persons with hereditary diseases”: “euthanasia” of, 98, 100–101; institutionalization of, 99, 643
n;
marriage prohibitions for, 103–6; sterilization law for, 98–99

petitions, 344, 431, 912
n

Pflichtenverband
, 115

Pfundtner, Hans, 118

pharmacists, Jewish, purge of, 140–41

“philosophy of concrete distinctions,” 45

physicians: in Annexed Eastern Territories, 231, 256, 752
n;
in General Government, 300–301, 311, 799
n
, 813–14
n;
Jewish, in Altreich, 137–40, 661–62
n

place names, Polish, changing of, 713
n

plenipotentiary for the Four Year Plan.
See
Göring, Hermann

plenipotentiary general for labor allocation, and law for “alien” workers, 150, 153, 666
n

Poland: denationalization policy in, 194, 286, 780
n;
Hitler on, 698–99
n;
plan to conquer, 693
n;
seizure of state assets of, 226–27, 229, 792–93
n;
thesis of extinction of, 194, 236, 265, 470, 699
n
, 760
n
.
See also
Annexed Eastern Territories; General Government

Poles: “capable of Germanization” (Class 3), 123–25, 209, 239–40, 241–46; “capable of re-Germanization” (Class 4), 123, 124, 125–26, 239, 240; on German Ethnic Classification List, 123–27, 239–46, 461, 740–43
n;
marriageable age for, 479; Nazi views of, 63–64, 194, 625
n
, 879
n;
with protected status, 103, 123–26, 239, 244, 246, 247, 248, 259, 744
n;
as racial
vs
. political concept, 243–44

Poles in Altreich: agricultural workers, 334, 338, 830–31
n
, 855
n
, 857
n;
civilian workers, definition of, 856
n;
educational policy for, 670–71
n;
labor law and policy for, 151–52, 153, 305, 369–70; legal representation of, 136; legal statuses of, 121–27; marriage policy for, 102–3, 106–7, 124; police law on, 180–83, 367, 370–72, 687–91
n;
“resettlement” from east, 124–25, 254–55, 305, 804–5
n
, 896
n;
restrictions on, 178–83; sentencing of, 345, 367–69, 421; and “social compensation tax,” 151, 152, 168, 679
n;
statistics on, 667
n
, 736
n;
violence against, 79, 629
n;
as witnesses, 343–45, 834
n. See also
“alien” workers in Altreich

Poles in Annexed Eastern Territories: administrative policy toward, 195–97, 204–6, 700–703
n;
applicability of German law to, 406–10, 476–80; citizenship/legal statuses of, 121, 123–27, 236–46, 461, 740–43
n;
civil law for (
see
civil law in Annexed Eastern Territories); in Civil Service, 230–31, 732–33
n;
communications restrictions for, 255–56, 751–52
n;
court-appointed defense for, prohibition of, 343, 435–36; criminal offenses by, prosecution of, 432–33, 443; cultural goods restrictions for, 256–57, 752–53
n;
“disfranchisement” of, 422–25, 434, 487; duty of obedience, 425–27; educational policy for, 224–25, 726–27
n;
food supply policy for, 257–59, 753–56
n;
freedom of movement restrictions for, 249–55, 745–48
n;
German crimes against, dismissal of, 432; on German Ethnic Classification List, 239–46, 461, 740–43
n;
Germans friendly toward, prosecution of, 428–29, 881–82
n;
insubordination by, 418, 452, 875
n;
labor law and work conditions for, 232–35, 700
n;
legal claims by, 481–84; legal rights against police orders, dispute over, 216–21, 721
n
, 722
n;
marriage law for, 102–3, 124, 246–48, 479, 744
n;
penal law for (
see
penal law in Annexed Eastern Territories); political comments by, 417; professionals, 231; property law for, 226–30, 255–57, 728
n
, 729–31
n
, 751–53
n;
public life restrictions for, 223; punishment goals for, 413–14, 439; religious restrictions for, 223–24; resettlement/deportation of, 254–55, 749–50
n;
segregation of, 206–13, 711–15
n;
sentencing standards for, 415, 421, 425–27, 441–46, 452, 886
n;
sexual liaisons with Germans, 209–10, 212, 230, 333, 369, 714
n;
as “threat to community,” 424; welfare policy for, 222, 723
n;
as witnesses, 434