"Non-Germans" Under the Third Reich (307 page)

Poles in General Government: attitudes toward Jews, 778
n;
civil law for (
see
civil law in General Government); cultural policy for, 289–91, 783–90
n;
educational policy for, 290, 786–88
n;
food supply policy for, 272–73, 306, 757
n
, 806
n;
freedom of movement restrictions for, 316–17, 819
n;
in German administration, 275, 297–99, 797
n;
health care policy for, 300–301, 311; labor policy for, 302–3, 305–6, 800–802
n
, 804–5
n;
legal status of, 308–9; marriage policy for, 310; “of German extraction,” 308–9, 812
n;
penal law for (
see
penal law in General Government); professionals, 299–300, 311, 798
n
, 813–14
n;
property policy for, 292–94, 318–19, 792
n
, 793
n;
tax policy for, 296–97; treatment of, 206–10, 261, 271–74, 286–87, 711–15
n
, 757
n
, 764
n
, 765
n
, 766
n
, 775
n
, 776
n
, 780
n
, 786
n;
welfare policy, 306–7, 807–8
n;
workers, 301–3, 305–6, 800–802
n
, 804–5
n

police, 3, 174–77, 541, 683–85
n;
actions by, 68, 541; chief of German, 179, 180, 182, 684
n;
expansion of powers of, 542–45; in occupied Eastern Europe, 192, 697
n;
organization of, 685
n;
relationship to law, 174–75, 219, 684
n
, 721
n;
separation from administration, 75, 541–42, 544–45.
See also
Gestapo; police in Altreich; police in Annexed Eastern Territories; police in General Government; SD; Security Police; SS

police actions, 68, 541–42, 544–45; in General Government, 305, 517–18, 775
n
, 776
n

police acts, administrative, immunity to judicial review, 20–21

police camps (concentration camps), 70, 449, 456, 824
n
, 847
n

police courts, 513

police courts-martial, 449–55, 877
n
, 896–901
n;
in Annexed Eastern Territories, 449–59; empowerment of, 456–59, 467–68, 902
n
, 904
n;
in General Government, 513–15; mobile, 449, 453; reaction of judiciary to, 460–62

police custody.
See
protective custody

Police Decree on the Appearance of Jews in Public (Sept. 1, 1941), 170

Police Decree on Foreigners (Aug. 22, 1938), 119

police in Altreich, 174–77, 183–84, 683–86
n;
and “alien” workers, 154, 177–83; expansion of powers of, 68, 107–8, 154, 174–77, 345–78, 439, 447–48, 542–43, 835
n
, 854
n;
and judiciary, 353–58, 372–78, 832
n
, 844–45
n
, 903
n;
unification with SS, 175, 355–56; wartime function of, 351

police in Annexed Eastern Territories, 198, 203, 221–22; and citizenship policy, 237–38, 243–44; courts-martial by, 449–59; dispute over regulation of, 213–22, 721
n
, 722
n;
illegal executions by, 450–53, 457; jurisdiction and powers of, 107–8, 376, 446–69, 527–29, 543; local, reporting of Polish crimes to Gestapo, 456–57, 528, 897
n

police in General Government, 319–21, 770
n
, 805
n
, 810–11
n;
and civil administration, 277, 279, 280, 307, 319–21; expansion of powers of, 307, 543–44; and ghettoization of Jews, 313–15, 817
n
, 818
n;
and judiciary, 519–22, 917
n;
jurisdiction of, 509, 512–22, 526–29; organization of, 577–78; and property policy, 293–94, 296; terror by, 305, 517–18, 775
n
, 776
n;
and travel restrictions, 316–17

police law, 68, 174–76, 683–91
n;
administrative, immunity to judicial review, 20–21; on “alien” workers in Reich, 177–83, 367, 370–72, 687–91
n;
in Annexed Eastern Territories, 213–22, 719–22
n;
in General Government, 314, 320; on German Jews in commerce, 176–77, 686–87
n

police summary sentences, 463–68

Polish Assets Decree.
See
Decree on the Property of Persons of the Former Polish State

Polish associations: in Altreich, 173–74; in Annexed Eastern Territories, 174, 479–80, 911
n;
in General Government, 290, 523, 788n

Polish attorneys: in Annexed Eastern Territories, 231, 435; in General Government, 299–300, 798
n

Polish businesses, confiscation of, 227, 228, 231, 733
n

“Polish Codex,” 196

Polish courts: in Annexed Eastern Territories, recognition of decisions by, 415, 484–85, 873
n
, 912
n;
in General Government, 488–93, 507, 523, 525, 913
n
, 914
n

Polish culture, destruction of.
See
denationalization

“Polish disease,” 282

Polish ethnic origin, definition of, 243–44

Polish intelligentsia: in Annexed Eastern Territories, 700
n
, 723
n;
in General Government, 272, 275, 290, 518, 765
n
, 788
n

Polish interpreters, 434–35

Polish Jews: in Altreich, 165, 171.
See also
Jews in Annexed Eastern Territories; Jews in General Government

Polish judiciary, in General Government, 488–93, 507, 523, 525, 913
n
, 914
n;
supervision of, 490–93

Polish law: in Annexed Eastern Territories, 470–71; in General Government, 488–89, 507, 523, 525, 913–14
n;
penal,
vs
. German penal law, 414–15

Polish Penal Code Decree, 827
n

Polish propaganda, 427, 442, 875
n
, 891
n

Polish property: in Altreich, 124–25, 165; in Annexed Eastern Territories, 226–30, 255–57, 728
n
, 729–31
n
, 751–53
n;
art treasures, 289, 784–85
n;
in General Government, 292–94, 318–19, 792
n
, 793
n;
state, seizure of, 226–27, 229, 792–93
n

Polish resistance, 305, 321, 805
n
, 821
n;
in Annexed Eastern Territories, 196; postal service and, 317–18; reprisals against, 517–19, 926–28
n;
resettlement program and, 809
n;
roots of, 283, 775
n
, 776
n

“Polish statute,” 405–6

political, conception of the, 51–52

political activities, ban on, in Annexed Eastern Territories, 223

“political acts”: exemption from judicial review, 19, 20, 594
n;
laws as, 20, 83

political affiliations: of attorneys, 34, 34
t
, 603
n
, 606
n;
Civil Service requirements for, 84, 85, 88, 94, 95, 96, 632
n
, 639
n
, 640
n;
discipline/dismissal from Civil Service based on, 85, 87–88, 92, 94–95, 97, 128, 129, 600
n
, 632
n
, 633–34
n
, 637
n;
of judges, 33–34, 34
t
, 600–603
n
, 606
n;
loss of citizenship based on, 109, 110

political allegiance, required for civil servants, 27–28, 585
n
, 598–601
n

political certification, of civil servants, 28

political comments, by Poles, 417

political constitutional theory, 41–42

political crimes: concept of, 357; criminal offenses as, 66;
vs
. everyday criminal acts, 327; importance of,
vs
. sexual offenses, 456–57; penal law for, in Altreich, 326, 337–38, 341, 355–58, 367–69; police jurisdiction over, 466–67; pro-Polish conduct by Germans as, 428–29, 881–82
n;
sentencing for, 338

political defense representatives, 353–55

“political enemies,” definition of, 67

political expediency: in designation of “undesirables,” 67; as motive for special law, 62–64

political goals: disguising with emphasis on technique, 531–32; primacy over economic considerations, 540–41; role of administration in fulfilling, 546–47

political leadership: and division of responsibilities between administration and special authorities, 541–42; management of law in totalitarian system, 547; tensions with administration, 1–2

political penal law, in Altreich, 326, 337–38, 341, 355–58, 367–69

political prisoners, release of, notification of Gestapo of, 355–58, 835
n
, 846
n

political reservation, principle of: for recognition of decisions by Polish courts, 484–85, 912
n;
toward Polish claims, 482–84

political training, of judges, 346, 446, 836–38
n

politicization, of administration, 5, 24–35, 596
n

Polizeiausnahmegericht
(police special court), 513

Polizeistandgericht
(summary police court), 513

popular referendum, 589
n

population policy: for “alien” workforce, Hitler on, 149, 665
n;
for Annexed Eastern Territories, 246, 248, 744
n;
and citizenship law for occupied territories, 235; for Eastern Europe, 63, 190–91, 695
n

Posen (Pozna
): cultural goods seizures in, 257, 753
n;
educational policy in, 727
n;
executions in, poster of, 575; food supply policy in, 259, 753
n;
freedom of movement restrictions in, 249–50, 252; Germanization policy in, 238, 713
n;
radio confiscations in, 255, 751
n;
shopping restrictions in, 258.
See also
Warthegau

postal service, restrictions on, 256, 317–18, 752
n

power, in Nazi ideology, 37, 189–90, 608
n

precious metals, of German Jews, 159–60, 673
n
, 676
n

prerogative state, 628–29
n

presence at scene of crime, as crime, 413

press: in Altreich, purge of Jews from, 142, 663
n
, 669
n;
in Annexed Eastern Territories, 723
n;
in General Government, 289, 785–86
n
, 789
n;
judicial, 583
n

preventive custody.
See
protective custody

“preventive detention,” 542–43

prices, in General Government, 306, 807
n

Principles of Internal State Security during the War (Sept. 3, 1939), 451

prison camps, 421

prisoners of war: forced labor of, 667
n;
fraternization with, 334, 369, 442, 829
n
, 831
n
, 880
n
, 891
n;
Soviet, 698
n

private prosecution, right of, 434

“privileged mixed marriages,” 121, 647
n
, 653
n

“privileged persons of protected status,” 122, 126

privileges, system of, 70

probationary state subject status, 238, 239, 245–46

procedural law: in Altreich, 342–45, 397–401, 858
n;
in Annexed Eastern Territories, 429–36, 481–85, 876
n;
civil, 397–401, 481–85, 858
n;
under Decree on Penal Law for Poles, 433–36, 876
n;
in General Government, 491, 500–507, 514–15, 524; penal, 342–45, 429–36, 876
n