Octopus (36 page)

alcid,
102

algae,
176

Ameloctopus litoralis (banded string-arm octopus),
111

ammonia,
44

ammonoid cephalopods,
108

amphorae as dens,
74

anglerfish,
91
,
157

angling,
157

Aplysia californica (sea hare),
91

aposomatism,
109

apparent motion,
94

Aquarium of the Pacific, Long Beach, California,
10

Arca zebra (zebra mussel),
57

Arch and Pump,
142

Archidoris montereyensis (sea lemon nudibranch),
91

Architeuthis dux (giant squid),
44

argonaut (Argonauta argo),
15
,
26
–
27
,
30
,
39
,
141
,
142

Argonauta argo (argonaut),
15

arms,
48
,
82
,
84
–
87

coordination,
77
,
84
–
86

development,
36

regeneration,
85
,
111

tube,
82

versus tentacles,
15

arrow worms,
47

Atlantic long-arm octopus (Octopus defilippi),
44
,
86

Atlantic Ocean,
46

automata,
114

autotomy,
111

avoidance,
93

background matching,
91

banded string-arm octopus (Ameloctopus litoralis),
111

Banff Hot Spring snails,
29

Bathypolypus arcticus (spoon-arm octopus),
9
,
15

beak,
14
,
18
,
61
,
62

belemnoid cephalopods,
108

Bermuda,
46
,
57
,
59
–
60
,
71
,
90
,
118
–
119
,
124
–
125

Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences,
177

biogeography,
46

bioluminescence,
108
,
161

bites,
110
,
111
,
170

blind cirrate octopus (Cirrothauma murrayi),
160

blood,
22

blue-ringed octopus (Hapalochlaena maculosa),
22
,
170
, plate 3, plate 34

blue whale,
41

bluff behavior,
105

Bonaire,
109
,
151

brain,
97

Brighton Aquarium, Brighton, UK,
182

bristle worms,
176

broadclub cuttlefish (Sepia latimanus),
108

buoyancy,
44
–
45
,
150
,
155

burying,
156
–
157
, plate 12

Californian two-spot octopus (Octopus bimaculoides),
18
,
37
,
48
,
56
,
59
,
100
,
120
, plate 4, plate 38

camouflage,
18
,
89
–
92
,
97
,
99
,
104
,
106
,
108

cannibalism,
49
,
94
,
134

Cape Flattery, Washington State,
71

cardiopulmonary system,
51

Caribbean pygmy octopus (Octopus joubini/mercatoris),
15
,
18
,
26
,
48
,
53
,
55
,
62
,
68
–
69
,
85
,
87
,
96
,
118
,
145
,
167
,
188
, plate 9

Caribbean reef octopus (Octopus briareus),
28
,
37
,
71
,
167
,
188
, plate 10, plate 18, plate 30

Caribbean reef squid (Sepioteuthis sepioidea),
80
,
99
,
105
,
151
,
157
, plate 16, plate 35

Caribbean Sea,
99
,
107
,
109
,
151

carnivorous,
55

carrion,
102

Catalina Islands, California,
56

cephalopod phylogeny,
15
,
22

Chaetognatha,
47

chameleon,
89

chemical composition of seawater,
175

chiton,
57
,
59

chloramphenicol,
49

chlorophyll,
43

chorion,
26

chromatophores,
18
,
36
,
48
,
51
,
85
,
89
,
92
,
94
,
97

Cirrothauma murrayi (blind cirrate octopus),
160

clam,
62
–
64

clam rack,
64

Clione limacina (sea angel),
79

Coconut Island, Hawaii,
72
,
177

cognition,
123
,
132

Coleoidea,
22
,
149

collecting an octopus from the ocean,
169
,
171

color blindness,
90
,
96

comb jellyfish, plate 8

common cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis),
91
,
106
,
128
–
129
,
156
,
158

common names,
19
–
21

common octopus (Octopus vulgaris),
15
–
17
,
28
,
46
,
49
,
51
–
52
,
55
–
57
,
59
–
63
,
70
–
71
.
84
,
91
–
92
,
96
,
104
,
107
,
118
,
123
,
126
–
127
,
142
,
173
, plate 13, plate 19, plate 21, plate 27—28, plate 31—32, plate 37

competition with fish,
90

conch shells,
63
–
64

consciousness,
134

conspecifics,
49

constraints on learning,
130

convergent evolution,
90

conveyor belt,
84

copepods,
41
–
42
,
47
,
49
,
50

copper,
13
,
181

coral,
177

courtship. See mating

cowry,
16
,
67

crab,
60
,
126
,
129
,
130
, plate 20

as negative stimulus,
128
,
130

as octopus food,
60
–
62
,
70

Cranchia scabra (glass squid),
44

crocodile,
149

Ctenoides spp. (file clam),
55
,
58
,
60
,
79
,
124

cuttlebone,
156

cuttlefish (Sepia spp.),
128
,
156

damselfish,
177

death,
30
,
146
–
148

deep-sea vent octopus (Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis),
15
,
19

defense,
99

deimatic behavior and display,
105

den,
26
,
67
–
75
,
103
,
125
,
138

beer bottles,
70
,
74
–
75

cleaning,
67
,
70

competition for shells,
68

doors,
71

number of openings,
70

Roman amphorae,
74

size and shape,
68
–
69

detour experiments,
124

dicyemid mesozoan,
84

digestion,
64

digestive gland,
107

Diguet's pygmy octopus (Octopus digueti),
74

dispersion of species,
29
,
46

display behavior,
96

disruptive coloration,
91

dolphin,
134

Dosidicus gigas (Humboldt squid),
80

drilling shells,
62
–
63

drifting,
39

Dungeness crabs,
15
,
55

dymantic display. See deimatic

dymantic dots. See deimatic

eating,
55
,
61
–
64

egg,
25
–
26
,
28

cleaning,
30
,
33

development,
34

fouling,
30
–
31

guarding,
30
,
33

hatching,
33
–
34
,
36
–
37

laying,
25
,
33

predators,
33

enrichment for captive octopuses,
115
,
169
,
187
–
188

Enteroctopus (Octopus) dofleini (giant Pacific octopus),
15

erectile tissues. See ligula

escape-proof tanks,
183
,
185

escape response,
181
–
183

ethics,
115
,
169

Euprymna scolopes (Hawaiian bobtail squid),
93
,
107

Euprymna tasmanica (southern bobtail squid),
120

eyebar,
17
,
92

eyes,
13
–
14
,
36
,
45

female sexual strategies,
95

file clam (Lima spp.),
55
,
58
,
60
,
79
,
124
, plate 15

Flamboyant,
90
,
93

flamboyant cuttlefish (Metasepia pfefferi),
91
, plate 22

flapjack devilfish (Opisthoteuthis californiana),
45

food. See eating

football octopus (Ocythoe tuberculata),
29
,
78

foragers, central-place,
124

foraging theory,
58

foraminiferans,
42

four-eyed butterfly fish,
92
, plate 23

freshwater mollusks,
29

funnel (siphon),
13
–
14
,
107
,
142

ganglion,
22

generalists,
55
,
186

goeduck clams,
15

giant cuttlefish (Sepia apama),
117
,
158
–
159

giant Pacific octopus (Enteroctopus (Octopus) dofleini),
15
,
17
,
25
,
31
–
34
,
39
,
48
–
50
,
53
,
55
,
57
–
59
,
63
,
64
,
68
–
74
,
81
–
82
,
100
–
103
,
111
,
113
,
117
–
118
,
127
,
132
,
137
–
138
,
142
–
143
,
145
–
146
,
166
,
172
,
182
,
184
,
187
–
188
, plate 17, plate 29

giant squid (Architeuthis dux),
44
,
48
,
154
,
155

glass,
131
–
132

glass octopus (Vitreledonella richardi),
78

glass squid (Cranchia scabra),
44

glaucous-winged gulls,
102

glue gland,
153

Grimpella thaumastocheir (velvet octopus),
108

grooming,
84

Gulf of California,
74

Gulf Stream,
46

habituation,
127

Hapalochlaena maculosa (blue-ringed octopus),
22

harvest of octopuses,
111

hatching gland,
37

hatchlings,
28
–
30

Hawaii,
46
,
109

Hawaiian bobtail squid (Euprymna scolopes),
93
,
107

Hawaiian day octopus (Octopus cyanea),
15
–
17
,
26
,
52
–
53
,
55
–
56
,
59
–
61
,
70
–
72
,
82
,
84
,
93
–
96
,
104
,
105
,
126
, plate 24

head,
14

heart,
36

hectocotylus,
140
–
141

hemocyanin,
22
,
52

heritability,
120

hermit crabs,
15
,
55
–
56
,
61
,
71
–
72
,
75
,
82

Heteroteuthis dispar, 108 [[add common name if added to table]]

holoplankton,
40

homeotherms,
59

Hood Canal, Washington,
71

horseshoe crab,
149

human consumption,
111

human dementia,
137