On Looking: Eleven Walks With Expert Eyes (41 page)

radula,
107

rats,
111
,
120
,
125
–31,
135
,
263

   Norwegian,
128

Rebecca (raccoon),
119

red granite,
45
,
53

refrigerator door sound,
228

Renaissance portraits,
85

retina,
109
,
122
,
224
–25

retronasal olfaction,
244
n

Rizzolatti, Giacomo,
178
–79

rodent boxes,
127
,
131

Rome,
43
,
58
,
60
,
71
,
227

R
s,
67
,
69

running,
21
,
36
,
40
,
84
,
120
,
131
,
150
–52,
165
,
167
,
170
–71,
173
,
185
,
220
,
256

saccading, saccades,
110
,
149

Sacks, Oliver,
49
n,
108
,
194
,
206

safari phenomenon,
213
–14

Saint Thomas Church,
87

salamanders,
94

sandstone,
53

sans-serif Gothic,
63

Santayana, George,
159

Saul, King of Israel,
227

Scarry, Richard,
36
–37

Schafer, R. Murray,
211
,
221

Schieffelin, Eugene,
121
–22

schist,
47
,
50
–52,
54

School of Visual Arts,
90

Schwartz, Hillel,
211

sciatic nerve,
166
,
185

search images,
107
–10,
112
,
124

selective attention,
12
,
263
–64

selective enhancement,
14

sensorium commune,
23
–24

sensory chaos,
26
–27,
122

sensory city,
15

sensory systems,
11
,
123
,
128

serotonin,
151

sexual attraction,
83
–84

shadows, shadow,
10
,
22
,
40
,
67
,
134

Shakespeare, William,
93
,
121
–22,
191
,
232

Shaw, Paul,
57
–73,
193

   as judgmental,
65
–66

   literaphilia,
58

shells,
52
,
260
–61

shoes,
6
,
20
–21,
36
–39,
45
n,
60
,
71
,
103
,
148
,
161
,
170
–71,
177
,
179
–80,
208
,
248
,
259

shothole leafminers,
97
,
99
–100

sidewalk domes,
154
–55

sidewalks,
2
–3,
5
–6,
10
–11,
15
,
19
–20,
22
,
25
–27,
29
–31,
33
,
35
,
40
–41,
44
,
51
,
53
,
59
,
63
,
69
,
73
,
77
–80,
87
–88,
98
–99,
105
,
107
,
120
,
126
–27,
138
,
141
–44,
146
–50,
152
,
154
–57,
164
,
169
–71,
173
,
178
,
186
,
197
–98,
202
–4,
206
,
212
,
226
,
228
,
235
,
238
,
247
,
250
–51,
253
–54,
261
–64

signs, signals,
6
,
59
–73,
77
,
81
,
85
–87,
102
,
105
–7,
125
–27,
138
,
197
,
233
,
236
–37

   ghost,
69
–71

   of insects (sign),
93
–101,
103
,
105
,
109
–12

   lettering on,
22
,
57
,
61
–67,
70
,
72

   symbolic,
60

   traffic and,
33
,
86
,
143
,
152
–53,
170

silence,
5
,
33
,
51
,
126
,
129
,
136
–37,
180
,
207
–8,
216
,
218
,
234
–35,
238
–40,
250

sirens,
186
,
214
,
229
,
235

6–8 Delancey Street,
71

skunks,
108

slugs,
93
,
99
,
106
–7

smells,
5
–7,
10
,
12
,
14
,
23
,
26
–27,
45
,
110
,
119
,
159
–60,
186
,
188
–91,
212
,
221
,
241
–58

   attraction and,
11

   avoidance and,
249

   brain and,
191
,
193
,
245
n,
249

   dogs and,
2
,
5
,
15
,
29
,
33
,
36
,
89
,
108
,
131
,
206
,
241
–50,
252
–53,
255
,
258

   memory and,
188

   of people,
80
,
159
–60,
175
–76,
194
–95,
208
,
253

   rats and,
131

snails,
52
,
93

social brain,
83

socialization,
34
–35

socializing,
130
,
156

sodium vapor lamps,
104

somatosensory cortex,
193

songbirds,
107

sounds, sound,
14
,
211
–40

   attention and,
213
,
220
,
227
,
240

   attraction and,
213
,
224

   avoidance and,
197
,
225

   of balls,
219
–21

   of bathrooms,
222
–23

   bird vocalizations and,
21
,
116
–17,
136
,
176
,
212
,
216
–17,
223
,
226
,
236
–37,
261

   brain and,
23
,
150
,
191
,
193
,
219
,
224
,
233
,
239

   buses and,
212
,
217
,
223
,
226
–29

   as contagious,
233

   echoes and,
197
–98,
200
,
214
,
217
,
221
–22,
225
–26

   fetuses and,
211
–12

   hearing loss and,
218
–19

   of kitchens,
222
–23

   music and,
87
,
90
,
177
,
193
,
201
,
216
–18,
221
,
226
–27,
231
–32,
234
,
238
–39

   noise and,
1
,
9
,
12
,
28
,
31
,
58
,
116
,
136
,
190
,
199
–200,
209
,
211
,
216
–19,
223
–24,
226
–28,
231
,
233
–35,
238
–40,
260

   preset,
223

   and pressure and temperature,
235
–38

   speed of,
221
,
236

   of tires,
216
,
228
–29,
261

   vision and,
12
,
230

sparrows,
116
,
121
,
146

speedwalkers,
164
n

spheres,
27
–28

spiders,
96
–98,
112

   jumping,
97
,
104

   olfactory searches by,
108

spiderwebs,
95
–97,
104
,
112
,
125

spinal stenosis,
178

spotlight model of attention,
10
,
13

Springfield, Mass.,
95
,
111

squirrels,
7
–8,
36
,
97
,
113
–16,
120
–21,
130
–31,
135
–36,
186

S
s,
69

standpipes,
33
–34,
36
,
38
,
40

starlings,
121
–22,
133

step and slide,
147
–49

stethoscopes,
34
,
176

Storefront for Art & Architecture,
63
–64

Storm King,
187
–88

Street Departments,
155

streetlights,
89
–90,
97
,
103
–4

subways,
58
,
60
,
73
,
84
,
86
,
122
n,
147
,
170
,
203
,
218
,
226
,
229
–30,
238

swarm intelligence,
146
–47,
150
–51

sycamore lace bugs,
98

sympathetic nervous system,
84
,
219

synapses,
24
,
26

synesthesia,
23
–24,
26

tactile perception,
127
–28,
175
,
186
,
193
,
196
–97,
200
–201,
229
,
232
,
243
,
257

Tatum, Art,
227

taxis,
59
,
62
,
140
,
198
,
216

telephone booths,
33
,
61

telephone rings,
214
,
228

temperature, sound and,
235
–36,
238

Tetris Effect,
72
–73

texts, texting,
90
,
121
,
150
,
197
,
205
–6

thigmotaxis,
127
–28

Thomson, William,
163

Thoreau, Henry David,
113

thrombosis,
233

thumbnails,
161
,
181

Thurber, James,
194

tickling,
129
,
191
,
246

tics,
108
,
161

Tinbergen, Luuk,
107

Tinbergen, Niko,
107

tires, sound of,
216
,
228
–29,
261

tortoise beetles,
93
,
99
,
111
–12

Tourette’s syndrome,
108

toys,
13
n,
27
–28,
38
,
76
,
122

Tracks and Sign of Insects and Other

Invertebrates
(Eiseman and Charney),
95

traffic,
1
,
5
–6,
14
,
116
,
127
,
142
–45,
148
,
150
,
178
,
201
,
204
,
207
–8,
216
,
218
,
223
,
237
,
240
,
260

   lights and,
33
,
86
,
143
,
152
–53,
170

Transportation Research Board (TRB),
144

trash,
5
–7,
25
,
32
–33,
36
,
38
–40,
51
,
61
,
76
–78,
117
–18,
126
,
130
,
141
,
226
,
241
,
243
–44,
247
,
262
,
264

   Dumpsters and,
104
–5,
111
,
254

   garbage trucks and,
6
,
228

Tree-Mark Shoes,
71

Trendelenburg sign,
171

triangles,
19
,
24
–29,
124

trichromatic vision,
189

tritones,
239

trucks,
6
–7,
9
,
29
,
31
–32,
37
,
39
,
61
,
76
,
151
,
204
,
216
,
226
–28,
232
,
234
,
262