One Righteous Man : Samuel Battle and the Shattering of the Color Line in New York (9780807012611) (49 page)
Authors: Arthur Browne
Moore, Frederick Randolph: on black military regiment, 115–16; on blacks in NYPD, 64–65, 72–74, 75; death of, 287; on death of Herbert Dent, 169; as editor of
New York Age
, 64; and Harlem Citizens League for Fair Play, 230; and Fiorello La Guardia, 225; and promotion of Wesley Williams, 183; on saloons in Harlem, 172–73; on white-on-black violence, 266; and Baron Deware Wilkins, 176, 181
Moore, Paul, 205
Morton, Ferdinand Q., 181
Morton, Jelly Roll, 41, 172
Moses, Robert, 224
Moskowitz, Henry, 60–61
Motz, Otto, 167–168
Mulrooney, Edward, 214
Murphy, Charles Francis, 148
Murphy, Michael, 145
music, 152, 162–63, 172
Nail, John B., 40, 96
National Afro-American League, 30–31, 41, 61
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 60–61, 225, 256
National Council of Negro Women, 251, 252, 253
National Football League, 258
National Guard regiment, 90, 99
National Youth Administration, 251
Native Son
(Wright), 136
“Negro Bohemia,” 39
Negro League baseball, 176, 229, 249–50
Nelson, John, 36
Newark Eagles, 229
New Bern, North Carolina, 4, 9–14, 166, 232–33
Newcombe, Don, 190
New Deal programs, 211
New Negro, 129, 147, 210, 261
New York: Samuel Battle’s arrival in, 15–19; after Civil War, 19–21; and lure to blacks, 4–5; slavery in, 18–19; white-on-black racial violence in, 49, 91, 115, 132–34, 266–71
New York Age
(newspaper), 30–31, 38, 40, 42, 49–50, 56, 64–65, 68, 71, 72, 99, 112, 115, 152–153, 169, 172, 176, 180, 181, 219, 221, 225, 230, 267, 286
New York Clearing House, 202–3
New York Fire Department, 99, 120–21, 123–25, 126–27, 130–31, 255, 275–78
New York Globe
(newspaper), 30, 133
New York Police Department (NYPD): in 1900, 21; Battle’s efforts to join, 50–51, 65–67, 71–75; brutalization by, 167–70; calls to integrate, 63–65; early attempts to integrate, 31–36; graft in, 142–43, 146, 148; in parades, 105; Radio Gun Squad of, 214–15; Special Service Division of, 147–50, 156, 158–60, 171–78; structure of, 141; and Tammany Hall, 141–45; Twenty-Eighth Precinct, 80–89, 91–94; violence by, 49–51; women in, 147–48
Nice, Harry, 254
Nicholson, William, 124
nightclubs, 40–41, 152, 172–78
Ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry Battalion, 90
Norris, Charles, 169
North American Aviation, 262
numbers game, 202–4, 218–20.
See also
gambling
NYPD.
See
New York Police Department (NYPD)
Oden, Curtis, 166
Oden, Mary Elizabeth Battle, 37–38, 166, 188, 208, 235
O’Dwyer, William, 279, 280, 281, 282
O’Neill, Cosmo, 165
O’Ryan, John, 224
O’Toole, John, 131, 198, 254–55
Overton, Wiley Grenada, 31–36, 67, 74
Ovington, Mary White, 42–43, 48–49, 56, 59, 60–61, 101
Owens, Emma, 248
Owens, Henry, 248
Owens, Jesse, 248–50
Owens, Ruth, 248, 249
Pabst, Fred, 55
Pabst Harlem, 55
Pace, Ethylene, 162
Pace, Harry, 162–63
Packard Motor Car Company, 266
Palmer, Thomas, 85
parades: Easter, 244; Elks, 197; NYPD, 105, 215; for return of 369th Infantry, 128–29
Parchmont, Cora, 147–48
Parole Commission, 260–61, 271–72, 281, 282
pawnbrokers, 191, 194
Payton, Philip A., Jr., 56
Pearl Button Gang, 69
Pearl Harbor, 261, 263
People’s Advocate
(newspaper), 30
Peyton, Thomas Henry, 71–72
Pioneer Sporting Club, 247
Pitt, Albert, 176–77
Pittsburgh Crawfords, 249–50
Plessy v. Ferguson
(1896), 13, 41, 61, 288
Pohndorf, Henry, 168
polio, 108–9
Powell, Adam Clayton, 181
Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr., 230–31, 277, 281–82
Powell, Isabelle, 231
Powell, Sarah, 44, 54
Price, Bruce, 161
Price, Joseph C., 11–12
Prohibition, 156–60, 174
Radio Gun Squad, 214–15, 240
railway workers strike, 107–8
Rampersad, Arnold, viii, 136, 153, 186
Ramsey, C. A., 71, 125
Randolph, A. Philip, 152, 225, 241, 262
Ransom, Reverdy, 63–64, 67, 90
Rao, Joseph, 271
redcaps, 43–47, 52–54, 63, 70, 79, 102–3
Redding, Wesley, 147, 160–61, 168–69
Red Shirts, 13, 234
Red Summer, 131–34
Rhodes, Jasper, 100, 105, 167
Rivera, Lino, 239–41, 242
Roaring Twenties, 152–53, 156–58
Roberts, Emma, 113, 119
Roberts, E. P.: and appointment of Battle to NYPD, 72–73; and birth of Carroll, 106; death of, 286–87; delivery of Charline, 94; delivery of Florence, 57–58; delivery of Jesse, 47–48, 51; and Fiorello La Guardia, 225, 241
Roberts, Iola, 287
Roberts, Needham, 113–14, 119, 121–23, 129, 287
Roberts, Norman, 113, 119
Robeson, Benjamin, 190
Robeson, Paul, 151, 190
Robinson, Bill “Bojangles,” 196–97, 206, 248–49, 250, 280–82
Robinson, Fannie, 217, 250
Robinson, Jackie, 3, 190, 258, 281, 286
Robinson, Sugar Ray, 189–90, 283
Rockefeller, John D., 17, 26, 52, 250
Roosevelt, Edith, 27
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1, 250–53, 259, 264–65, 270, 288–89
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano: and antilynching bill, 252; and Mary McLeod Bethune, 251; and black soldiers, 274; as governor, 213, 215; and Fiorello La Guardia, 223; and march on Washington (1940), 262; New Deal programs of, 211; and Jesse Owens, 249
Roosevelt, Theodore (Teddy): and Charles Anderson, 72; on birth of Theodore Battle, 117; and black soldiers, 111; dining with Booker T. Washington at White House, 25–26, 27–28; endorsement of Wesley Williams, 124; greeted by redcaps, 53–54; and E. P. Roberts, 287; in Spanish-American War, 14; and Tammany Hall, 143–45; at Yale University, 28, 74–75
Rose, Garfield, 116–17
Roth, Herbert, 191–92, 194
Roth, Joseph, 191–92, 194
Rothstein, Arnold, 148, 157–58, 175, 213
Rowe, Billy, 283
Royal Café, 172
Royall, John M., 55–56
Ruffin, Joe, 130
San Juan Hill (New York), 38, 54, 80, 92; Siege of, 49–50
Savoy Ballroom, 266
Scheff, William, 34
Schmeling, Max, 247–48, 257
Schmittberger, Max, 89
Schomburg, Arthur, 38–39, 75, 106, 230
Schultz, Dutch, 205, 214, 215, 218–20
Schuyler, George, 153
Seabury, Samuel, 213
segregation.
See
Jim Crow segregation
separate but equal accommodations.
See
Brown v. Board of Education
(1954); Jim Crow segregation;
Plessy v. Ferguson
(1896)
Sergeants Benevolent Association, 145
Shapiro, Jacob “Gurrah,” 226
Shuffle Along
(musical), 163
Silent Protest Parade, 116
Sims, George, 48, 115, 228
Singleton, William, 160
Sissle, Noble, 41, 113, 119, 128, 163
slavery: in New Bern, NC, 10; in New York, 18–19
Small’s Paradise, 152, 174
Smart, James, 273
Smith, Ada Beatrice Queen Victoria Louisa Virginia (“Bricktop”), 174–76
Smith, Isaac H., 233–35
Smith, James, 181
Smith, Willie “The Lion,” 41
Smothergill, Alverstone, 278
Sojourner Truth Homes, 265–66
Spanish-American War, 14, 38, 53, 90, 111, 222
speakeasies, 156, 159
Special Service Division, 147–50, 156, 158–60, 171–78
Springfield, Illinois, white-on-black racial violence in, 58–59
St. Clair, Stephanie, 219, 220
Stewart, Abraham, 93–94, 96
Stewart, T. McCants, 31
Stimson, Henry, 262
stock market crash, 209
Strausner, Anton, 100
Straw Hat Riot, 132–34
Street Scenes
(opera), 136
Strivers Row, 162–65
Strode, Woody, 258
The Stroll, 151
Stuyvesant Town, 267
Sufi, Abdul Hamid, 230
Sullivan, “Big Tim,” 144, 145
Sullivan, John L., 62
Tammany Hall: background of, 140–41; Herbert Bruce and, 244–45; “Honest Dan” Costigan and, 146; William “Big Bill” Devery and, 141–45; Fiorello La Guardia and, 213; Edward E. “Chief” Lee and, 65; George V. McLaughlin and, 187; Charles Francis Murphy and, 148; and NYPD, 21, 90; Roths (Joseph and Herbert) and, 191; Charles Thorley and, 44, 126; James “Jimmy” Walker and, 184; Baron Deware Wilkins and, 40, 171–74, 177
Tandy, Vertner, 163
Taylor, Alexander, 23
Taylor, Nancy Battle, 15, 23, 37
Tenderloin District (New York), 20, 21–22, 40–41
tenements, 18, 48–49
Thomas, J. C., 60, 72, 89
Thompson, William, 182
Thorley, Charles, 44–45, 83, 124, 126, 155
Thorpe, Robert, 24–25, 47
369th Infantry, 122–23, 125–26, 127–29
Truman, Harry, 152, 282
Turf Club, 204, 205
Turner, Haynes, 129–30
Turner, Mary, 129–30
“turnkeys,” 72
Tuskegee Institute, 26
Tweed, William Marcy “Boss,” 141
20th Century Limited
(train), 52, 61, 63, 70
Twenty-Fourth Infantry, 118–20
Union Baptist Church, 48, 115
United Colored Democracy, 65, 72
United Negro Improvement Association, 151–52
Urban League, 263, 285, 288
Valentine, Lewis: and black recruits to NYPD, 263, 270–71; Richard E. Enright and, 146; and Harlem riots, 240–41, 244, 268; and integration of Baltimore Police Department, 254; and Fiorello La Guardia, 224; and nightstick justice, 237–38
Van Wyck, Robert, 145
vaudeville, 60, 196–97
Villard, Oswald Garrison, 61, 237, 241
Volstead Act (1920), 156
Vulcans, 255, 275–76
Waco, Texas, lynching, 110
Wagner, Robert F., 198
Walcott, Joe, 40
Waldo, Rhinelander, 74, 78–79, 95
Walker, A’Lelia, 152, 186, 209–10
Walker, C. J. (Madame), 152
Walker, George, 39, 52, 60
Walker, James “Jimmy,” 184–85, 187, 198, 210, 213, 215
Walling, William English, 59, 60–61
Walsh, Patrick, 274–77
Walters, Alexander, 41–42, 61, 90, 98
Washington, Booker Taliaferro, 25–28, 31, 53, 64, 74–75, 290
Washington, Jesse, 110
Washington, Kenny, 258
Webber, George, 205
Weinberg, George, 219
Wells, Ida B., 30
Werner, M. R., 148
Wesley, James, 54
Wexler, Irving “Waxey Gordon,” 157
Whaley, Frank, 168
Wheaton, J. Frank, 59, 72, 74, 75, 90, 109, 111
White, George H., 206
White, Nate, 87
White, Philip A., 31
White, Stanford, 162
White, Walter, 227–28, 252, 262, 267, 268–70
white-on-black racial violence: between 1885 and 1914, 105; in 1930s, 252; in 1943, 265–71; in
The Birth of a Nation
, 104; in East St. Louis, Illinois, 114–15; and Henry Wills, 164; and Jack Johnson, 69; in New York, 49, 91, 115, 132–34; protest against, 116; in Waco, Texas, 110; after World War I, 129–30, 131–34
white supremacists, 13
Whitman, Charles, 109–11, 112, 128
whooping cough, 150
Wilkins, Baron Deware, 40, 41, 63, 68, 69, 70, 171–78, 179–82
Wilkins, Leroy, 172
Willemse, Cornelius, 137–38, 147
Williams, Bert, 39, 52, 59–60, 72, 90, 109, 111, 113
Williams, Charles, 106, 120
Williams, Gertrude, 54, 106
Williams, James, 120, 286
Williams, James H.: and appointment of Wesley Williams to New York Fire Department, 126; background of, 43–45; Harlem apartment of, 54; and Jack Johnson, 70; move to Williamsbridge, 97–98, 106; and promotion of Wesley Williams, 197–98; and redcaps, 43–46, 197; and Charles Thorley, 44–45, 83
Williams, John Wesley, 44
Williams, Leroy, 54
Williams, Lucy Metresh, 44, 54, 97–98
Williams, Margaret Russell Ford, 101, 103, 106, 120
Williams, Wesley Augustus: appointment to New York Fire Department, 123–25; and Carroll Battle, 258–59; birth of, 44; as boxer, 178–79; childhood of, 54, 71, 97–98; danger faced by, 130, 182, 216; as driver of fire engine, 139–40; at Engine Company 55, 126–27; founding of Vulcans, 255; harassment of, 130–31, 279–80; and integration of New York Fire Department, 120–21, 275–77; marriage of, 106; as probationary firefighter, 138–39; promotion to battalion chief, 254–55; promotion to captain, 217, 237; promotion to lieutenant, 182, 183, 197–99; retirement of, 286; transfer closer to home, 274–75; and Vulcans, 256; work for US Post Office, 106; work on subway tunnel, 100–103
Williamsbridge (Bronx, New York), 98, 105–6
Wills, Harry, 163–64, 171
Wilson, J. Finley, 206
Wilson, Woodrow: and black military regiment, 103–4, 112; at Grand Central Station, 52; and Houston riot, 119; and Jim Crow segregation, 98–99; and Silent Protest Parade, 116; and World War I, 109, 113, 222; at Yale University, 28
Wings Over Jordan
(radio show), 261
women in NYPD, 147–48
Wood, Robert N., 72, 75
Woods, Arthur, 117
Woodson, John, 124–25
World War I, 103–4, 110–14, 118–20, 121–23, 127–29
World War II, 261–65
Wright, Louis Tompkins, 164–65, 181, 207, 211, 256
Wright, Richard, 136
Yale University, 25, 28
YMCA, Colored Men’s Branch of, 71, 125, 179
Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA), 250
Zabutinski, Abraham, 238
BEACON PRESS
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© 2015 by Arthur Browne
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