Operation Storm: Japan's Top Secret Submarines and Its Plan to Change the Course of World War II (65 page)

1.
USS
Segundo
(SS 398) Deck Logs, January 5, 1945.

2.
USS
Segundo
, Third War Patrol Report, Prologue,
http://www.segundo398.org/patrol_reports/patrol3.pdf
.

3.
Victor S. Horgan, interview by author.

4.
Charles A. Lockwood and Hans Christian Adamson,
Hellcats of the Sea
(New York: Bantam Books, 1988), p. 43.

5.
L. Rodney Johnson, interview by author.

6.
Wallace C. Karnes, Jr., interview by author.

7.
Segundo
, Third Patrol Report, February 1, 1945, 1630.

8.
Clay Blair, Jr.,
Silent Victory: The U.S. Submarine War Against Japan
(Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press, 1975), p. 225.

9.
Ibid., p. 844.

10.
Segundo
, Third Patrol Report, February 9, 1945, 1438.

11.
L. Rodney Johnson, interview by author.

12.
Segundo
, Third Patrol Report, February 19, 1945, 1913–2130.

13.
Ibid., March 6, 1945, 2355.

14.
Ibid., March 11, 1945, 0413.

15.
USS
Segundo
(SS 398) Fourth War Patrol Report, April 26, 1945, 1330,
http://www.segundo398.org/patrol_reports/patrol4.pdf
.

16.
Segundo
Deck Logs, May 17, 1945, 1328.

17.
Segundo
, Fourth Patrol Report, May 18, 1945, 1730.

18.
Ibid., May 29, 1945, 1318.

19.
Ibid., May 29, 1945, 1318–1720.

20.
Segundo
, Fourth Patrol Report, May 29, 1945, 1343–1429.

21.
Victor S. Horgan, interview by author.

22.
Segundo
, Fourth Patrol Report, May 29, 1945, 1500.

23.
Ibid., May 31, 1945, 2150.

24.
Ibid., May 31, 1945, 2253.

25.
Ibid., June 8, 1945, 2209.

26.
Segundo
, Fourth Patrol Report, June 9, 1945, 0022.

27.
Ibid.

28.
Ellsworth Russel “Bud” Quam, interview by author.

29.
Segundo
Deck Logs, June 8, 1945.

30.
Segundo
, Fourth Patrol Report, June 9, 1945, 0022; Quam, interview by author.

31.
L. Rodney Johnson, interview by author.

32.
Carl Stallcop, interview by author. Stallcop had been promoted to chief after the
Segundo
’s second war patrol, due to his quick work in the pump room.

33.
Carl Stallcop, interview by author.

34.
Victor S. Horgan, interview by author.

35.
Ibid.; Wallace C. Karnes, Jr., interview by author; Richard Binkley, interview by author.

36.
Richard Binkley, interview by author.

37.
Cmdr. James Douglas Fulp, Jr., Gold Star citation, at National Personnel Records Center, Military Personnel Records, St. Louis.

38.
Carl Stallcop, interview by author.

1.
Nobukiyo Nambu,
Beikidoukantai wo Kishuseyo: Sensuikuubo I-401 Kanchou No Shuki
[
Surprise Attack on the American Fleet! Memoir of the I-401 Aircraft-Carrying Submarine by Its Captain
] (Tokyo: Fuami Shobo, 1988), p. 209.

2.
Tsugio Sato,
Maboroshi no Sensui Kubo
[
Phantom Submarine Carrier
] (Tokyo: Kabushiki Gaisha Kojin-sha, 1989), p. 174.

3.
Nambu,
Beikidoukantai wo Kishuseyo
, p. 210; Sato,
Maboroshi no Sensui Kubo
, p. 175.

4.
Sato,
Maboroshi no Sensui Kubo
, p. 175.

5.
Ibid., p. 142; Robert C. Mikesh,
Aichi M6A1 Seiran: Japan
’s
Submarine Launched Panama Canal Bomber
, Close-Up 13 (Boylston, Mass.: Monogram Aviation Publications, 1975), p. 13.

6.
Chin-Ji Inouye, interview by author.

7.
Nambu,
Beikidoukantai wo Kishuseyo
, p. 212.

8.
Mikesh,
Aichi M6A1 Seiran
, p. 13.

9.
Thomas S. Momiyama, “All and Nothing,”
Air & Space
, Smithsonian, October–November 2001, p. 28.

10.
Nambu,
Beikidoukantai wo Kishuseyo
, p. 203.

11.
Ibid., p. 201.

12.
Ibid.

13.
Sato,
Maboroshi no Sensui Kubo
, p. 176; Mikesh,
Aichi M6A1 Seiran
, p. 12.

14.
Sato,
Maboroshi no Sensui Kubo
, p. 176.

15.
Atsushi Asamura, interview by author.

16.
Atsushi Asamura, interview,
Rekishi Gunzou
, Gakken, Issue no. 85, October 10, 2007, pp. 154–59; Tsugio Yata, “SubRon 1 … Aims for U.S.
Fleet at Ulithi and Panama Canal,”
I-401 History, I-401
Submarine Society, Japan.

17.
Atsushi Asamura, “
I-401
Sensuikan to Seiran to Watashi to [The
I-401
Submarine,
Seiran
and Me],”
Maru
Special,
Japanese Naval Vessels
, no. 13, 1977, pp. 42–43.

18.
Thomas O. Paine, “The Transpacific Voyage of HIJMS
I-400
: Tom Paine’s Journal: July 1945–January 1946,” February 1991,
http://www.pacerfarm.org/i-400/
.

19.
Atsushi Asamura, interview by author.

20.
Nambu,
Beikidoukantai wo Kishuseyo
, p. 201.

21.
Sato,
Maboroshi no Sensui Kubo
, p. 176; Ikuhiko Hata,
Dainiji Taisen Koukuju Shiwa
[
Historical Aviation Stories of World War II
], trans. Shojo Jonda and Sandy Kita (Japan: Chuukou Bunko, n.d.), chap. 10.

22.
Sato,
Maboroshi no Sensui Kubo
, p. 176.

23.
Kazuo Takahashi,
Shinryu Tokubetsu Kogekitai
[
Divine Dragon Special Attack Unit
] (Tokyo: Koujinsha, 2001), p. 191.

24.
Sato,
Maboroshi no Sensui Kubo
, p. 176.

25.
Ibid.

26.
Mikesh,
Aichi M6A1 Seiran
, p. 13.

27.
Sato,
Maboroshi no Sensui Kubo
, pp. 176–77; Nambu,
Beikidoukantai wo Kishuseyo
, p. 211.

28.
Sato,
Maboroshi no Sensui Kubo
, p. 181.

29.
Takahashi,
Shinryu Tokubetsu Kogekitai
, p. 192.

30.
Nambu,
Beikidoukantai wo Kishuseyo
, p. 211.

31.
Takahashi,
Shinryu Tokubetsu Kogekitai
, p. 192.

32.
Nambu,
Beikidoukantai wo Kishuseyo
, p. 211.

33.
Heiji Kondo, interview by author.

34.
Chin-Ji Inouye, interview by author.

35.
Kazuo Takatsuka,
Memories of the I-400
(Japan: privately published, 1996).

36.
CINCPAC-CINCPOA Bulletin
, no. 108-45,
Japanese Naval Vessels
, Special Translation no. 64, May 18, 1945, pp. 8, 66, 83.

37.
Division of Naval Intelligence, ONI 222-J,
The Japanese Navy
, Official U.S. Navy Reference Manual, June 1945, p. 85.

38.
Momiyama, “All and Nothing,” p. 25.

1.
Chin-Ji Inouye, interview by author.

2.
Nobukiyo Nambu,
Beikidoukantai wo Kishuseyo: Sensuikuubo I-401 Kanchou No Shuki
[
Surprise Attack on the American Fleet! Memoir of the I-401 Aircraft-Carrying Submarine by Its Captain
] (Tokyo: Fuami Shobo, 1988), p. 212.

3.
Bob Hackett and Sander Kingsepp, “Sensuikan! IJN Submarine
I-222
, Tabular Record of Movement,” June 10, 1945,
CombinedFleet.com
,
http://www.CombinedFleet.com/I-122.htm
.

4.
Nambu,
Beikidoukantai wo Kishuseyo
, p. 212.

5.
Zenji Orita with Joseph D. Harrington,
I-Boat Captain: How Japan
’s
Submarine Force Almost Defeated the U.S. Navy in the Pacific!
(Canoga Park, Calif.: Major Books, 1976), pp. 275–76.

6.
Tsugio Sato,
Maboroshi no Sensui Kubo
[
Phantom Submarine Carrier
] (Tokyo: Kabushiki Gaisha Kojin-sha, 1989), pp. 133, 143.

7.
Ibid., p. 179.

8.
Orita and Harrington,
I-Boat Captain
, p. 299.

9.
Sato,
Maboroshi no Sensui Kubo
, pp. 178–80.

10.
Ibid., p. 180.

11.
Ibid.

12.
Kazuo Takahashi,
Shinryu Tokubetsu Kogekitai
[
Divine Dragon Special Attack Unit
] (Tokyo: Koujinsha, 2001), p. 193.

13.
Ibid.

14.
Nambu,
Beikidoukantai wo Kishuseyo
, p. 214.

15.
Ibid.

16.
John E. Long, “Japan’s Undersea Carriers,”
U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings
, June 1950, p. 613.

17.
Richard N. Billings,
Battleground Atlantic
(New York: NAL Caliber, 2006), p. 170. It’s possible her destination could have been Penang.

18.
Ibid., pp. 168–69.

19.
Philip Henshall,
Vengeance: Hitler
’s
Nuclear Weapon—Fact or Fiction
? (Gloucestershire, U.K.: Sutton 1998), p. 157; Billings,
Battleground Atlantic
, pp. 256–59.

20.
Billings,
Battleground Atlantic
, pp. 173–76.

21.
Sato,
Maboroshi no Sensui Kubo
, p. 214.

22.
Nambu,
Beikidoukantai wo Kishuseyo
, p. 214.

23.
Tsugio Yata, “SubRon 1 … Aims for U.S. Fleet at Ulithi and Panama Canal,”
I-401 History, I-401
Submarine Society, Japan.

24.
Nambu,
Beikidoukantai wo Kishuseyo
, p. 214.

25.
Sato,
Maboroshi no Sensui Kubo
, p. 182.

26.
Ibid.

27.
Nambu,
Beikidoukantai wo Kishuseyo
, p. 214.

28.
Orita and Harrington,
I-Boat Captain
, p. 299.

29.
M. G. Sheftall,
Blossoms in the Wind: Human Legacies of the Kamikaze
(New York: NAL Caliber, 2006), p. 38.

30.
Quoted in Sato,
Maboroshi no Sensui Kubo
, p. 180; Takahashi,
Shinryu Tokubetsu Kogekitai
, p. 193.

31.
Quoted in Orita and Harrington,
I-Boat Captain
, p. 300.

32.
Nambu,
Beikidoukantai wo Kishuseyo
, p. 214.

1.
Richard Binkley, interview by author.

2.
Suze Johnson Comerford, interview by author.

3.
U.S. Naval Academy, Executive Department, Abstract of Conduct, Midshipman S. L. Johnson, Class of 1939, January 5, 1939.

4.
Ibid.

5.
Medical Officer of the Watch to Commandant of Midshipmen, Report of sobriety examination, Stephen Lobdell JOHNSON, Mid. 1c 4th Batt., January 2, 1939, Medical Department, U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md., at National Personnel Records Center, Military Personnel Records, St. Louis.

6.
U.S. Naval Academy, Executive Department, Abstract of Conduct, Midshipman S. L. Johnson, Class of 1939, January 5, 1939, at National Personnel Records Center, Military Personnel Records, St. Louis.

7.
Corrine Callahan (Mrs. David Callahan) to Superintendent, U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland, January 9, 1939, at National Personnel Records Center, Military Personnel Records, St. Louis.

8.
Stephen Lobdell Johnson, Class of 1939 Alumni Notes,
Nine Years Later
, p. 94.

9.
Ibid., p. 91.

10.
Navy Secretary James Forrestal to Stephen Lobdell Johnson, Silver Star Medal citation, September 17, 1944, rewritten February 28, 1947, at National Personnel Records Center, Military Personnel Records, St. Louis.

11.
C. A. Lockwood, Jr., to Stephen Lobdell Johnson, Gold Star in lieu of second Silver Star citation, July 7, 1947, rewritten February 18, 1949, at National Personnel Records Center, Military Personnel Records, St. Louis.

12.
George Gambel, interview by author.

1.
Bob Hackett and Sander Kingsepp, “Operation Tan No. 2: The Japanese Attack on Task Force 58’s Anchorage at Ulithi,”
CombinedFleet.com
,
http://www.CombinedFleet.com/Tan%20No.%202.htm
.

2.
Tsugio Sato,
Maboroshi no Sensui Kubo
[
Phantom Submarine Carrier
] (Tokyo: Kabushiki Gaisha Kojin-sha, 1989), p. 151.

3.
Ibid., p. 183.

4.
Thomas O. Paine, “The Transpacific Voyage of HIJMS
I-400
, Tom Paine’s Journal: July 1945–January 1946,” February 1991,
http://www.pacerfarm.org/i-400/
.

5.
Zenji Orita with Joseph D. Harrington,
I-Boat Captain: How Japan
’s
Submarine Force Almost Defeated the U.S. Navy in the Pacific!
(Canoga Park, Calif.: Major Books, 1976), p. 293.

6.
Max Hastings,
Retribution: The Battle for Japan, 1944–1945
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2007), p. 315.

7.
Ibid., p. 182.

8.
Sato,
Maboroshi no Sensui Kubo
, pp. 183, 184.

9.
Kazuo Takahashi,
Shinryu Tokubetsu Kogekitai
[
Divine Dragon Special Attack Unit
] (Tokyo: Koujinsha, 2001), p. 192.

10.
Hackett and Kingsepp, “Operation Tan no. 2.”

11.
Sato,
Maboroshi no Sensui Kubo
, p. 181.

12.
Ibid., pp. 187–88.

13.
Orita and Harrington,
I-Boat Captain
, p. 299.

14.
Sato,
Maboroshi no Sensui Kubo
, p. 188.

15.
Orita and Harrington,
I-Boat Captain
, p. 299; Paine, “Transpacific Voyage of HIJMS
I-400
.”

16.
Sato,
Maboroshi no Sensui Kubo
, p. 189.

17.
Ibid., p. 191.

18.
Takahashi,
Shinryu Tokubetsu Kogekitai
, p. 195.

19.
Ibid., pp. 194–95.

20.
Ibid., p. 195.

21.
Ibid.

22.
Sato,
Maboroshi no Sensui Kubo
, pp. 181, 193; Takahashi,
Shinryu Tokubetsu Kogekitai
, p. 195.

23.
Takahashi,
Shinryu Tokubetsu Kogekitai
, p. 196.

24.
Ibid.

25.
Ibid.

26.
Sato,
Maboroshi no Sensui Kubo
, pp. 197–98.

27.
Ibid., p. 193.

28.
Nobukiyo Nambu,
Beikidoukantai wo Kishuseyo: Sensuikuubo I-401 Kanchou No Shuki
[
Surprise Attack on the American Fleet! Memoir of the I-401 Aircraft-Carrying Submarine by Its Captain
] (Tokyo: Fuami Shobo, 1988), pp. 215–18, 227.

29.
Charles A. Lockwood,
Sink ’Em All
(New York: Bantam, 1984), p. 339.

30.
Sato,
Maboroshi no Sensui Kubo
, p. 194.

31.
Nambu,
Beikidoukantai wo Kishuseyo
, p. 217.

32.
Sato,
Maboroshi no Sensui Kubo
, p. 194; Tsugio Yata, “SubRon 1 … Aims for U.S. Fleet at Ulithi and Panama Canal,”
I-401 History, I-401
Submarine Society, Japan.

33.
Nambu,
Beikidoukantai wo Kishuseyo
, p. 218.

34.
Yata, “SubRon1.”

35.
Nambu,
Beikidoukantai wo Kishuseyo
, p. 218; Sato,
Maboroshi no Sensui Kubo
, p. 194.

36.
Takahashi,
Shinryu Tokubetsu Kogekitai
, p. 196; Sato,
Maboroshi no Sensui Kubo
, p. 194.

37.
Sato,
Maboroshi no Sensui Kubo
, p. 195.

38.
Ibid.

39.
Ibid.

40.
Nambu,
Beikidoukantai wo Kishuseyo
, p. 218.

41.
Henry Sakaida, Gary Nila, and Koji Takaki,
I-400: Japan’s Secret Aircraft-Carrying Strike Submarine, Objective Panama Canal
(East Sussex, U.K.: Hikoki, 2006), p. 53.

42.
Nambu,
Beikidoukantai wo Kishuseyo
, p. 218.

43.
Ibid.

44.
Ibid., p. 219.

45.
Takahashi,
Shinryu Tokubetsu Kogekitai
, p. 197.