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Authors: Dante

BOOK: Paradiso
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‘and, believing, was kindled to such fire

               
of the one true love that, on his second death,

117
         
he was deemed worthy to enjoy our happiness.

               
‘The other soul, through grace, which wells up   

               
from a source so deep there never was a creature

120
         
who could thrust his vision to its primal spring,

               
‘set all his love below on righteousness.   

               
And for that reason, from grace to grace,

123
         
God opened his eyes to our redemption yet to come,

               
‘so that he believed and, from that time on,

               
endured no longer paganism’s stench

126
         
but rebuked the wayward peoples for it.   

               
‘The three ladies you saw near the right-hand wheel   

               
served to baptize him one thousand years and more

129
         
before the sacrament existed.

               
‘O predestination, how distant is your root   

               
from the gaze of those who cannot grasp

132
         
the Primal Cause in its entirety!

               
‘And you mortals, find some restraint

               
in making judgments, for we, who gaze on God,   

135
         
have yet to know all those who are elect.

               
‘And to us this very lack is sweet,

               
because in this good is our good perfected,

138
         
for that which God wills we will too.’

               
Thus did that holy image,   

               
to cure the shortness of my vision,

141
         
apply sweet medication to my eyes.   

               
And, as a practiced lute player will follow   

               
a practiced singer with his quivering chords,

144
         
giving the song a sweeter sound,

               
so, all the while the eagle spoke, as I recall,

               
I kept my eyes on those two blessèd lights and saw,

               
just as blinking eyes keep time as one,

148
         
they timed their flames’ pulsations to the words.

OUTLINE: PARADISO XXI

SATURN

1–24
   
The ascent to the sphere of Saturn
1–3
   
Dante gazes on Beatrice as they rise;
4–6
   
were she to smile, Dante, like
Semele
, would burn to ash
7–12
   
because, as she rises, she has become more beautiful
13–15
   
Saturn in Leo in March–April 1300
16–18
   
Beatrice: “Pay attention to the shape [the ladder] that will be visible to you in the mirror of this planet”;
19–24
   
one who knew his joy in beholding her would understand his greater joy in obeying her, even if it meant denying his eyes their pleasure in her;
25–42
   
the golden ladder in the sky
25–30
   
Jacob’s Ladder
31–33
   
the numerous saints shining in their descent on it
34–42
   
simile: different movements of three groups of jackdaws
43–102
   
Dante’s two questions of
[Peter Damian]
and his answers:
43–51
   
the protagonist does not ask his question aloud until Beatrice reads his mind and tells him to do so:
52–60
   
(1) “Why do you approach me?”; (2) “why the quiet here?”
61–63
   
(2) “No singing here for the same reason she did not smile;
64–72
   
(1) “I’ve come to do God’s bidding by greeting
you, not from personal affection, but in accord with God’s will”;
73–78
   
(1) [Dante again]: “But why were
you
destined to do this?”
79–81
   
The soul spins like a millstone around itself in joy
82–96
   
and tells Dante that, although he knows all that he can know of God’s plan, not the most enlightened soul in Heaven, not even one of the Seraphim, has that answer;
97–102
   
when Dante returns to earth, he should try to dissuade people from wanting answers to such questions.
103–126
   
Peter Damian answers Dante’s third question:
103–105
   
Dante asks this spirit who he is
106–120
   
and he identifies himself in a familiar geographical way:
121–126
   
he was called both Peter Damian and “Peter the sinner” and was made cardinal and Bishop of Ostia.
127–142
   
Peter denounces the excesses of prelates:
127–129
   
Peter and Paul, though thin, ate only what they could;
130–135
   
now it takes four men to prop up, guide, and carry the train of one of these double beasts;
136–142
   
the rest of the souls thunder their approval as they surround Peter in their brightening flames.
PARADISO XXI

               
Now my eyes were fixed again   

               
upon my lady’s face. And with my eyes,

3
             
my mind drew back from any other thought.

               
She was not smiling. ‘If I smiled,’

               
she said, ‘you would become what Semele became   

6
             
when she was turned to ashes,

               
‘for my beauty, which you have seen

               
flame up more brilliantly the higher we ascend   

9
             
the stairs of this eternal palace,

               
‘is so resplendent that, were it not tempered

               
in its blazing, your mortal powers would be

12
           
like tree limbs rent and scorched by lightning.

               
‘We have risen to the seventh splendor,   

               
which, beneath the burning Lion’s breast,

15
           
sends down its rays, now mingled with his power.

               
‘Set your mind behind your eyes   

               
so that they may become the mirrors for the shape

18
           
that in this heaven’s mirror will appear to you.’

               
When I was told to set my mind on other things,   

   

               
only one who knew how much my eyes could feast

21
           
upon that blessèd countenance

               
would understand what joy it was to me

               
but to obey my heavenly guide,

24
           
weighing one side of the scale against the other.   

               
Within the crystal, circling our earth,   

               
that bears the name of the world’s belovèd king,

27
           
under whose rule all wickedness lay dead,

               
The color of gold in a ray of sunlight,   

               
I saw a ladder, rising to so great a height   

30
           
my eyesight could not rise along with it.

               
I also saw, descending on its rungs,   

               
so many splendors that I thought that every light

33
           
shining in the heavens was pouring down.

               
And as, following their normal instinct,   

   

               
rooks rise up together at the break of day,

36
           
warming their feathers, stiffened by the cold,

               
and some of them fly off, not to return,   

               
while some turn back to where they had set out,

39
           
and some keep wheeling overhead,

               
just such varied motions did I observe

               
within that sparkling throng, which came as one

42
           
as soon as it had reached a certain rung.   

               
And the one that stayed the closest there to us   

               
grew so shining bright I said, but not aloud,

45
           
‘This sign makes clear your love for me.

               
‘But she, upon whose word I wait to know   

               
when and how to speak or to be silent, she keeps still

48
           
and I do well, against my will, to ask no question.’

               
She, therefore, who could see my silence plain   

               
in the sight of Him whose sight beholds all things,

51
           
then said: ‘Satisfy the ardent wish that burns within you.’   

               
And I: ‘My merit does not make me worthy   

               
of your answer, but for the sake of her

54
           
who gives me leave to ask,

               
‘blessèd living soul, still hidden

               
in the radiance of your joy, make known to me

57
           
the cause that made you draw so near

               
‘and tell me why, within this wheel,   

               
the sweet symphony of Paradise falls silent,   

60
           
which lower down resounds with such devotion.’

               
‘Your hearing is as mortal as your sight,’   

               
he answered. ‘Thus here there is no song

63
           
for the very reason Beatrice has not smiled.

               
‘I have come down the sacred ladder’s rungs this far   

               
only to bid you welcome with my words

66
           
and with the light that wraps me in its glow.

               
‘It was not greater love that made me come more swiftly,

               
for as much and more love burns above,

69
           
as that flaming luminescence shows,

               
‘but the profound affection prompting us

               
to serve the Wisdom governing the world

72
           
has brought about the outcome you perceive.’

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