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Authors: Dante

BOOK: Paradiso
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‘On earth I left behind such vestiges   

               
as even wicked people there commend,

18
           
without, however, hewing to the form.’   

               
Just as from many coals we feel a single heat,   

               
so from that image there came forth

21
           
the undivided sound of many loves.

               
And I then answered: ‘O everlasting blossoms   

               
of eternal bliss, you make all odors

24
           
blend into what seems a single fragrance,

               
‘breathe forth and free me from this endless fast   

   

               
that ever keeps me famished,

27
           
since I can find no food for it on earth.

               
‘It is clear to me that, even though God’s Justice   

               
has its mirror in another realm of heaven,

30
           
in yours it also shines without a veil.

               
‘You know with what care I prepare myself

               
to listen, and you know the nature of the doubt

33
           
that now has kept me fasting for so long.’

               
As the falcon, freed from its encumbering hood,   

               
raises its head, and flapping, as in winged applause,   

36
           
displays its beauty and its eagerness,

               
just so I witnessed that emblem, made with strands

               
of praise for God’s own grace, surge into songs

39
           
known but to those who live above in bliss.

               
Then it began: ‘He who with His compass   

   

               
drew the boundaries of the world and then, within them,

42
           
created distinctions, both hidden and quite clear,

               
‘did not imprint His power so deep

               
throughout the universe that His Word

45
           
would not with infinite excess surpass His making.

               
‘In proof of this, the first and prideful being,   

               
who was created highest of all creatures,

48
           
by not waiting for the light, plummeted unripe.

               
‘And thus it is clear that every lesser nature

               
is too small a vessel for that goodness

51
           
which has no limit, which is measured by itself alone.

               
‘Thus your vision, which must be

               
but a single ray of many in the mind

54
           
of Him of whom all things are full,

               
‘by its nature must not have such power

               
that it should not perceive its source

57
           
as lying far beyond all it can see.

               
‘Thus, the vision granted to your world   

               
may make its way into eternal justice

60
           
as deep as eyes may penetrate the sea.

               
‘From shore they well may glimpse the bottom,

               
but not once out upon the open sea,

63
           
and yet it is there, hidden in the depths.

               
‘No light is never overcast unless it comes   

               
from that clear sky which always shines. All others

66
           
darken in the shadow or the bane of flesh.

               
‘Now the hiding-place has been laid bare   

               
that concealed from you the living justice

69
           
about which you have posed so many questions.   

               
‘For you have often asked: “A man is born   

   

               
upon the bank along the Indus, with no one there

72
           
to speak, or read, or write of Christ,

               
‘ “and all that he desires, everything he does, is good.

               
As far as human reason can discern,

75
           
he is sinless in his deeds and in his words.

               
‘ “He dies unbaptized, dies outside the faith.

               
Wherein lies the justice that condemns him?   

78
           
Wherein lies his fault if he does not believe?”

               
‘Now, who are you to sit upon the bench,   

   

               
judging from a thousand miles away

81
           
with eyesight that is shorter than a span?   

               
‘To be sure, for one who wanted to debate this,

               
had the Scripture not been set above you,   

84
           
there might be ample room for question.

               
‘Oh, earthly creatures! oh, gross minds!   

               
The primal Will, good in Itself,

87
           
has never from Itself, the highest good, declined.   

               
‘Only what accords with It is just: It is not drawn   

               
to a created good but, sending forth Its rays,

90
           
It is the source of every good.’

               
As a stork will circle above her nest   

               
after she has fed her young,

93
           
and as the one just fed looks up at her,

               
so, lifting up my brow, I watched

               
as over me the blessèd image flew on wings

96
           
that took their thrust from such shared counsel.   

               
Wheeling, it sang, then spoke:   

               
‘As my notes exceed your understanding,

99
           
such is eternal judgment to all mortals.’

               
When these, the Holy Spirit’s fiery lights,

               
grew quiet, still shaped into the sign   

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that made the world revere the Romans,

               
the eagle once again began: ‘To this kingdom   

               
no one ever rose without belief in Christ,   

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whether before or after He was nailed up on the tree.

               
‘But observe that many shout out “Christ, O Christ!”   

               
who shall be farther off from Him,

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on Judgment Day, than such as know not Christ.

               
‘The Ethiopian shall condemn such Christians   

               
when the two assemblies go their separate ways,   

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the one forever rich, the other poor.

               
‘What shall the Persians say then to your kings   

               
when they see that volume lying open   

114
         
in which their many infamies are all inscribed?   

               
‘There they shall see, among the deeds of Albert,   

   

               
the deed—now soon to move the pen—

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through which the realm of Prague shall suffer desolation.

               
‘There they shall see the sorrow brought upon the Seine   

               
by one who falsifies his country’s coin   

120
         
and who will die assaulted by a boar.   

               
‘There they shall see the pride that makes men thirst   

               
and so drives both the Englishman and Scot to fury

123
         
that neither will remain within his borders.

               
‘Of him from Spain, and of Bohemia’s king,   

               
the text will show their wanton luxury and lazy ways

126
         
and that they never knew nor searched for valor.

               
‘Of the Cripple of Jerusalem the text will show   

               
an
I
to mark his only generous act,

129
         
while an
M
will mark the other traits in him.

               
‘Of him who rules the isle of fire,   

               
where the long life of Anchises had its end,

132
         
the text will show the greed and cowardice.

               
‘Displayed will be his utter worthlessness,   

   

               
requiring the use of shorthand

135
         
that will note much in little space.

               
‘Displayed for all to see will be the wicked deeds

               
by which his uncle and his brother brought disgrace   

   

138
         
to so renowned a line and both their kingdoms.

               
‘Displayed will be the kings of Portugal and Norway,   

               
and he of Rascia, who, to his own hurt,

141
         
laid his eyes upon Venetian coinage.

               
‘O happy Hungary, if only she no longer lets   

   

               
herself be poorly led! Happy Navarre, if she but takes

144
         
protection from the mountains that surround her!

               
‘And, in proof of this, all men should know   

               
that Nicosia and Famagosta

               
lament and complain of their own beast,

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who takes his place among the others.’   

OUTLINE: PARADISO XX

JUPITER

1–12
   
implicit simile: voices of the saved in Jupiter resemble the stars shining once the sun has set
13–15
   
Dante apostrophizes the love issuing from the spirits
16–78
   
the souls that form the eye of the Eagle

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