Phoenix Program (79 page)
Authors: Douglas Valentine
CHAPTER 5: PICs
1
. Galula, p. 117.
2
. Slater, p. 21.
3
. Galula, p. 124.
4
. Scotton interview.
5
. John Marks,
The Search for the Manchurian Candidate
(New York: New York Times Books, 1979), p. 178.
6
. Marks, p. 179.
7
. Johnson,
A Study,
p. 400.
8
. Major General Joseph McChristian,
The Role of Military Intelligence 1965â1967
(Washington D.C.: Department of the Army, 1974), p. 14.
9
. McChristian, p. 71.
10
. McChristian, p. 50.
11
. McChristian, p. 26.
CHAPTER 6: Field Police
1
. Interview with William Grieves.
2
. Letter to the author from Nguyen Van Dai.
3
. Interview with Douglas McCollum.
CHAPTER 7: Special Branch
1
. Interview with Nelson Henry Brickham.
2
. Interview with Tom Donohue.
3
. Warren Milberg, “The Future Applicability of the Phoenix Program” (Research Study, Report #1835â74, Air Command and Staff College, Air University, Maxwell Air Force Base, May 1974), pp. 33â34.
4
. Galula, p. 120.
5
.Â
The Herald Tribune,
October 21, 1965.
6
. Anthony Herbert,
Soldier
(New York: Holt Rinehart & Winston, 1973), pp.
105â106.
7
. Herbert, p. 106.
8
. Milberg, p. 50.
9
. Milberg, p. 34.
10
. Galula, p. 110.
11
. Interview with James Ward.
12
. Interview with Sam Drakulich.
CHAPTER 8: Attack on the VCI
1
.Â
The Pentagon Papers
(Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of Defense, 1971), Vol. V, p. 58.
2
. Brickham interview.
3
.Â
The Pentagon Papers,
Vol. V, pp. 120â122.
4
. Nelson Brickham, “Attack on the VCI” (Saigon: November 1966), p. 1.
5
. Brickham, “Attack,” p. 1.
6
. Brickham, “Attack,” p. 4.
7
. Brickham, “Attack,” p. 4.
8
. McChristian, p. 72.
9
. MeChristian, p. 72.
10
. McChristian, p. 74.
11
. Interview with Tulius Acampora.
12
. Interview with Dang Van Minh.
13
. Interview with Lawrence Tracy.
14
. McChristian, p. 78.
15
. Interview with Robert Wall.
CHAPTER 9: ICEX
1
. Brickham interview.
2
. Nelson Brickham, “A Proposal for the Coordination and Management of Intelligence Programs and Attack on the VC Infrastructure and Local Irregular Forces (Saigon: June 1967), p. 1.
3
. Brickham, “Proposal,” p. 3.
4
.Â
Brickham, “Proposal,” p. 4.
5
. Interview with Evan J. Parker, Jr.
6
. Johnson,
A Study,
p. 174.
7
. McChristian, p. 76.
8
. Interview with Edward Brady.
9
. Johnson,
A Study,
p. 110.
10
. Ward interview.
CHAPTER 10: Action Programs
1
. Johnson,
A Study,
p. 196.
2
. Parker interview.
3
. Acampora interview.
4
. Al Santoli,
Everything We Had
(New York: Ballantine Books, 1984), p. 202.
5
. Johnson,
A Study,
p. 200.
6
. Johnson,
A Study,
p. 200.
7
. Brickham interview.
8
. Interview with Robert Brewer.
9
. Ward interview.
10
. Johnson,
A Study,
p. 198.
11
. Johnson,
A Study,
p. 197.
12
. “Project Take-Off” (Saigon; U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, November 1967) p. 3.
13
. Johnson,
A Study,
p. 391.
14
. Letter to the author from Randolph Berkeley.
15
. Milberg, p. 60.
16
. Milberg, p. 61.
17
. Interview with Robert Slater.
18
. Milberg, p. 61.
19
. Tran Van Truong,
A Vietcong Memoir
(New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1985), p. 108.
20
. Truong, p. 110.
21
. “Project Take-Off,” p. 3.
CHAPTER 11: PRU
1
. Scotton interview.
2
. Donohue interview.
3
. Ward interview.
4
. Raymond Bonner,
Waltzing with a Dictator
(New York: Random House, 1987) p. 75.
5
. Interview with Robert Peartt.
6
.Â
The Pentagon Papers,
Vol. V, p. 120.
7
. Grieves interview.
8
. McCollum interview.
9
. David Welch, “Pacification in Vietnam,”
Ramparts,
October 1967, p. 39.
10
. Milberg, p. 39.
11
. Interview with John Wilbur.
12
. Parker interview.
13
. Brickham interview.
14
. Santoli, pp. 203â204.
15
.Â
Santoli, p. 204.
16
. Santoli, p. 205.
17
. Santoli, pp. 217â218.
18
. Interview with Louis Lapham.
CHAPTER 12: Tet
1
. Brickham interview.
2
. Acampora interview.
3
. Lapham interview.
4
. Lapham interview.
5
. Interview with Renz Hoeksema.
6
. Wilbur interview.
7
. Interview with Howard Stone.
8
. Karnow, p. 514.
9
. Interview with Tom McCoy.
10
. Interview with Warren Milberg.
11
. Karnow, p. 523.
12
. Interview with Rudy Enders.
13
. Karnow, p. 532.
14
.Â
The Pentagon Papers,
Senator Gravel edition (Boston: Beacon Press, 1971), Vol. IV, p. 578.
15
. Slater, p. 48.
16
. Huy, p. 129.
17
. Interview with Robert Inman.
18
. Letter to the author from Lionel Rosenblatt.
19
. Interview with George French.
20
. Slater, p. ix.
21
. Brady interview.
22
. Huy, p. 130.
23
. Huy, p. 136.
24
. Huy, p. 130.
25
. “Status of Phoenix/Phung Hoang for Period January-June 1968” (Saigon, MACCORDS, Phoenix Fact Sheet, August 10, 1968, LTC Lemire).
26
. Johnson,
A Study,
p. 275.
27
. John Cook,
The Advisor
(Philadelphia, Pa.: Dorrance, 1973), p. 195.
28
. Wall interview.
CHAPTER 13: Parallax Views
1
. Brewer interview.
2
. Milberg interview.
3
. Manzione interview.
CHAPTER 14: Phoenix in Flight
1
. Milberg interview.
2
. Milberg, p. 62.
3
. Milberg, p. 44.
4
.Â
Milberg, p. 50.
5
. Milberg, p. 51.
6
. Milberg, p. 53.
7
. Milberg, p. 57.
8
. Interview with Douglas Dillard.
9
. Letter to the author from Bruce Palmer.
10
. Ward interview.
11
. Santoli, p. 204.
12
. McChristian, p. 100.
CHAPTER 15: Modus Vivendi
1
. Dillard interview.
2
. Slater, p. 56.
3
. Interview with Jack.
4
. Interview with Brian Willson.
5
. Dinh Tuong An, “The Truth About Phoenix” (Saigon, Tin Sang, 1970â71).
6
. An, “Truth.”
7
. An, “Truth.”
8
. An, “Truth.”
9
. An, “Truth.”
10
. An, “Truth.”
11
. An, “Truth.”
12
. An, “Truth.”
13
. Milberg interview.
14
. An, “Truth.”
15
. An, “Truth.”
16
. An, “Truth.”
17
. Dillard interview.
18
. An, “Truth.”
19
. An, “Truth.”
20
. Truong, p. 113.
21
. Truong, p. 117.
22
. Truong, p. 117.
23
. Frank Snepp,
Decent Interval
(New York: Random House, 1978), p. 31.
24
. Snepp, p. 38.
CHAPTER 16: Advisers
1
. Dillard interview.
2
. Ward interview.
3
. Letter to the author from George Dexter.
4
. Milberg, p. 46.
5
. Interview with Henry McWade.
6
. Johnson,
A Study,
p. 265.
7
. Brady interview.
8
. Truong, p. 136.
CHAPTER 17: Accelerated Pacification
1
. “Vietnam Policy and Prospects 1970,” p. 716.
2
. Thomas Thayer,
A Systems Analysis of the Vietnam War 1965â1972,
Vol. 10: Pacification and Civil Affairs (Washington D.C.: Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense, 1975), pp. 40â43.
3
. Peartt interview.
4
. Wilbur interview.
5
. William Colby,
Honorable Men
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1978), pp. 260â263.
6
. Huy, p. 141.
7
. Cook, p. 113.
8
. Race, p. 239.
9
. Race, p. 239.
10
. Race, p. 240.
11
. McCoy interview.
12
. Letter to the author from Frank Walton.
13
. Colby, pp. 207â208.
14
. Dillard interview.
15
. Interview with Richard Bradish.
16
. Interview with Walter Kolon.
17
. Cook, p. 208.
18
. Race, p. 238.
19
. Brickham and Ward interviews.
20
. Colby, p. 269.
21
. Jack interview.
CHAPTER 18: Transitions
1
. Brady interview.
2
. Brickham interview.
3
. Interview with Shelby Roberts.
4
. John Berry,
Those Gallant Men on Trial in Vietnam
(Novato, Calif.: Presidio Press, 1984), p. 56.
5
. McWade interview.
6
. Dillard interview.
7
. Interview with Ralph McGehee.
8
. Ralph McGehee,
Deadly Deceits
(New York: Sheridan Square Press, 1983) p. 141.
9
. McGehee, p. 142.
10
. McGehee, p. 142.
11
. “Hearing on the Nomination of William Colby” (Committee on Armed Services, U.S. Senate, July 2, 20, 25, 1973), p. 56.
12
.Â
The New York Times,
November 10, 1984.
13
.Â
The Boston Globe,
November 14, 1984, p. 10.
14
.Â
The Boston Globe,
November 14, 1984, p. 10.
15
.Â
The New York Times,
November, 21, 1984, p. B2.
16
. “Hearing on the Nomination of William Colby,” p. 57.
17
. McGehee, pp. 127â128.
18
. McGehee, p. 128.
19
. McGehee, p. 84.
20
.Â
McGehee, pp. 82â83.
21
. McGehee, p. 145.
22
. Colby interview.
23
. Colby, p. 266.
24
. Johnson,
A Study,
p. 370.
25
. Lapham interview.
26
. Interview with Ted Shackley.
27
. “Phoenix Reorganization” (Saigon, MACCORDS, February 6, 1969), cited in Johnson,
A Study,
p. 370.
28
. Parker interview.
29
. Johnson,
A Study,
p. 372.
30
. Johnson,
A Study,
p. 304.
CHAPTER 19: Psyops
1
. “Phung Hoang/Phoenix 1969 End of Year Report” (Saigon, MACCORDS, February 28, 1970), p. D-3.
2
. Scott Breckenridge,
The CIA and the US Intelligence System
(Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1985), p. 170.
3
. William Turley,
Far East Asian Economic Review,
May 2, 1985.
4
. 1969 End of Year Report, p. B-6.
5
. An, “Truth.”
6
. Ward interview.
7
. 1969 End of Year Report, p. B-6â1.
8
. 1969 End of Year Report, p. B-3â1.
9
. “Phung Hoang Results Due Directly to Psyops” (Saigon, MACCORDS, Phoenix Directorate, December 6, 1970).
10
. Cook, p. 182.
11
. Johnson,
A Study,
p. 355.
12
. 1969 End of Year Report, p. B-10â3.
13
. An, “Truth.”
