Phoenix Program (82 page)

successes ascribed to,
281–282

Child, Harold,
367

China, People's Republic of,
44
,
102

Church Committee report,
48
,
428

CIA (Central Intelligence Agency):

Cambodian invasion engineered by,
327–332

captured documents used by,
334–335

compromise and discreditation by,
332–334

contemporary counterterrorism of,
420–429

counterinsurgency organized by,
40–42

development of Phoenix program and,
114–116
,
124–126
,
128–136

domestic dissent suppressed by,
338–339

and end of Vietnam War,
391
,
414
,
417–419

interrogation models of,
73–88

My Lai massacre and,
342–347

“old-boy network” in,
420
,
421
,
428

police models of,
89–112

political warfare as practiced by,
43–51
,
54–56

psychological warfare models of,
57–72

security networks established by,
24–37
,
52–54

see also
Colby, William; Komer, Robert “Blowtorch”; MACV; Phoenix program

CIA and the Vietnam Debacle, The
(Long),
50

CIA Diary
(Agee),
414

“CIA's Hired Killers, The” (Geyer),
314

CIDG (Civilian Irregular Defense Group) program,
36–37
,
45–46
,
55
,
64

CIO (Central Intelligence Organization),
41
,
42
,
74
,
77
,
78
,
79
,
84
,
103
,
121
,
175
,
176

Circular 757,
291–292
,
316

Circular 2212,
293

Civic Action program,
27
,
29
,
33
,
34
,
36
,
44
,
49
,
54
,
70

Clarridge, Duane,
427

Clay, Frank,
321
,
324
,
363
,
366

Clifford, Clark,
190

CMDC (Capital Military District Command),
187–188
,
269

Coburn, Judy,
312

Colby, William,
49
,
71
,
168
,
268
,
349
,
410
,
427

APTs as described by,
46–47

background and personality of,
144
,
275

CIA operations directed by,
34–36
,
104
,
143
,
188
,
271
,
274–275
,
277–278
,
291
,
293
,
296
,
298
,
324
,
366
,
368
,
374
,
377
,
392
,
414–415
,
420

Phoenix program and,
19
,
40–41
,
119
,
184
,
301–302
,
314–321
,
334
,
377–382
,
385
,
420

Vietnamization and,
254–265
,
294

Collier, Bob,
105

colonialism, Vietnam ruled by,
20–22

Combat Police,
95n

“combat psywar” model,
25
,
44

Combined Intelligence Center,
86–87
,
120
,
123
,
147
,
187

Communists,
22
,
40
,
43
,
48
,
51
,
52
,
90
,
118

Diem and,
28–29
,
42
,
46

intelligence networks modeled on,
58
,
99

see also
VC; VCI

computer systems,
363

in psychological warfare,
288–290

“Concept for Organization for Attack on VC Infrastructure, A” (Brickham and Hansen),
130–131

Condon, Robert,
393

Conein, Lucien,
13

Cong An,
see
VBI

Conger, Russ,
203

Con Son Prison,
20
,
21
,
22
,
32
,
33
,
153
,
189
,
348–349
,
411–412

Constant, Tom,
298

contras,
426–428

Contre Coup doctrine,
44
,
46
,
59
,
107
,
313
,
316
,
335
,
340–341
,
427

see
also
counterterrorism, counterterrorists

Conyers, John,
382

Cook, John,
191
,
257
,
264
,
271
,
283

Cooper, Sherman,
319

Cooper, Wayne,
288

cordon and search operations,
91
,
162
,
189
,
207
,
343
,
344

CORDS (Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development),
127
,
159
,
167
,
254
,
266–267
,
277
,
300
,
374
,
390
,
392

Phoenix program and,
116–117
,
157
,
175
,
182
,
230
,
272
,
278
,
288
,
316
,
325

corruption,
396–397
,
407
,
411

South Vietnam blamed for,
276

Vietnamization and,
266–271

COSVN (Central Office of South Vietnam),
38
,
109–110
,
167
,
174
,
175
,
280
,
287
,
305
,
328–330

Coughlin, Paul,
373
,
389
,
390

Counter-Insurgency Warfare: Theory and Practice
(Galula),
21

counterterrorism, counterterrorists (CTs),
25
,
27
,
44–47
,
49
,
91
,
106–107
,
117
,
172

interrogation models for,
73–88

psychological warfare models for,
57–72

see also specific organizations

covert action:

characteristics of personnel in,
106

political and psychological rationales for,
43–73

see
also specific operations and programs

Cover-up
(Hersh),
343

Cowan, Geoffrey,
312

Cowey, Bill,
357

CT IV (Cong Tac IV),
120–21
,
123
,
146–148
,
176

CTs, see counterterrorism, counterterrorists

Cuc Nghien Cuu (Central Research Agency),
39–40
,
305–306
,
345

Cult of Intelligence, The
(Marks),
414

Cushing, Robert, Jr.,
355
,
357
,
384
,
385

Dai Viet party,
22
,
38
,
52
,
53
,
64
,
304

Dam, Colonel,
395

Damron, James K.,
227
,
268
,
270–271
,
384

Da Nang, Phoenix operations exemplified in,
351–361

Dang Van Minh,
122–123
,
156
,
180–181
,
188
,
232

Dang Van Quang,
295
,
296
,
304
,
394

Dao Ba Phuoc,
187

d'Aubuisson, Robert,
422

Dave (PRU adviser),
164–166

David Brinkley Show,
427

Davidson, Phillip B., Jr.,
135
,
146
,
273

Davis, George,
346

Davis, Jefferson,
13

Davis, Rennie,
311

Deadly Deceits
(McGehee),
272

Dean, Warren,
333

Death in Washington
(Freed),
333

death squad operations, in El Salvador,
422–424

Decent Interval
(Snepp),
221

Decree Law
280
,
185n
,
188–189

defectors, in political warfare,
48–49
,
51
,
83
,
109
,
112
,
281–282

Defense, U.S. Department of:

Phoenix program reviewed by,
297–299

DeFreeze, Donald,
337

Delta Program,
12
,
75
,
76

see also
Phoenix program

Denunciation of the Communists' campaign,
28–29
,
335

DeSilva, Peer,
59–60
,
63
,
71
,
102

Dexter, George,
226

Dick, Fred,
300n

Dickey, James,
426

Diem, Ngo Dinh,
see
Ngo Dinh Diem

Dien Bien Phu,
24

Dillard, Douglas,
226
,
288
,
289
,
302
,
414

career of,
203

interviews with,
205–215
,
220
,
223–225
,
261
,
262
,
271
,
364
,
405

Phoenix program as viewed by,
203–205

Dinh Tuong An,
217–221
,
281
,
284

Dinh Xuan Mai,
262

DIOCCs (District Intelligence and Operations Coordination Centers),
131
,
141
,
157–158
,
190
,
225
,
258
,
284
,
288
,
300–301

purposes of,
125–126
,
133
,
138
,
206
,
325

disinformation, in political warfare,
47–48

Dix, Drew,
206

Doan Cong Lap,
178

Do Cao Tri,
214
,
368

Dodds, Bill,
168
,
171

Do Kin Nhieu,
267

Do Minh Nhat,
152

Donohue, Tom,
65–69
,
70–72
,
105–106
,
116
,
159
,
298
,
299
,
320

Dooley, Tom,
26

Doolin, Dennis,
298
,
313

Drakulich, Sam,
105
,
110–111

Drosnin, Michael,
349
,
394

Dulles, Allen,
25
,
30

Dulles, John Foster,
25
,
30

Dunn, Burke,
111

Dunwoodie, Bob,
373n

Duong Tan Huu,
186
,
232
,
233
,
262

Duong Van “Big” Minh,
52–53
,
303
,
417

Duong Van Khanh,
53–54
,
64

DuPuy, William,
298

Durbow, Elbridge,
41

Eckhardt, George,
205
,
212

Ehrlichman, John,
337
,
415

Ellis, Ace,
159

Ellsberg, Daniel,
334
,
411

El Salvador, counterterror operations in,
421–425

Enders, Rudy,
180
,
296
,
351
,
352
,
369
,
370
,
394
,
410
,
424

Engel, Byron,
35
,
92
,
366
,
413–414

Enough Crying of Tears,
425

Ervin, Sam,
337

Eschbach, Robert,
159

Escola, Albert,
302

eye of God, in psychological warfare,
61–62
,
283

Falke, Dick,
84

Fall, Bernard,
89

Fallaci, Oriana,
179

Fallwell, Marshall,
312

Family Census program,
73–74
,
269

Far Eastern Economic Review,
395

FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation),
104
,
302
,
366–368

Fenner, Claude,
137

Fernandez, Joe,
428

Field Police,
89–99
,
124
,
150–151
,
208
,
322
,
325
,
341

activities and objectives of,
93–99
,
160–162
,
173

need for development of,
89–92

First Indochina War,
23

Fisher, Sergeant,
125

Flores, Tom,
408
,
410

Forbes (Special Branch adviser),
124

forced relocation,
50–51

Force Recon Marines,
166

Ford, John,
123

Foreign Affairs,
140