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Pritchard, R. T., ‘Gaius Verres and the Sicilian Farmers’,
Historia
, 20 (1971), 224–38.

De imperio Cn. Pompei

Jonkers, E. J.,
Social and Economic Commentary on Cicero’s
De imperio Cn. Pompei (Leiden, 1959).

Keaveney, A.,
Lucullus: A Life
(London, 1992).

King, J. R.,
Cicero:
Pro lege Manilia (Oxford, 1917).

Macdonald, C.,
Cicero:
De imperio Cn. Pompei (London, 1966).

McGing, B. C.,
The Foreign Policy of Mithridates VI Eupator King of Pontus
(
Mnemosyne
, Suppl. 89; Leiden, 1986).

Magie, D.,
Roman Rule in Asia Minor to the End of the Third Century after Christ
, 2 vols. (Princeton, 1950).

Nicol, J. C.,
Cicero:
De imperio Cn. Pompei (Cambridge, 1899).

Rose, P., ‘Cicero and the Rhetoric of Imperialism: Putting the Politics

Back into Political Rhetoric’,
Rhetorica
, 13 (1995), 359–99.

Seager, R. J.,
Pompey the Great: A Political Biography
²(Oxford, 2002).

Sherwin-White, A. N.,
Roman Foreign Policy in the East, 168
BC
–AD1
(London, 1984).

Wilkins, A. S. (after K. Halm),
Cicero:
De imperio Cn. Pompei (London, 1879).

In Catilinam I–IV

Batstone, W. W., ‘Cicero’s Construction of Consular
Ethos
in the
First Catilinarian
’,
TAPA
124 (1994), 211–66.

Cape, R. W., ‘The Rhetoric of Politics in Cicero’s
Fourth Catilinarian
’,
AJP
116 (1995), 255–77.

Drummond, A.,
Law, Politics and Power: Sallust and the Execution of the Catilinarian Conspirators
(
Historia
Einzelschriften 93; Stuttgart, 1995).

Dyck, A. R.,
Cicero:
Catilinarian Speeches (Cambridge, forthcoming). Hardy, E. G.,
The Catilinarian Conspiracy: A Re-Study of the Evidence
(Oxford, 1924; =
JRS
7 (1917), 153–228). Lintott, A. W.,
Violence in Republican Rome
²(Oxford, 1999), ch. 11. March, D. A., ‘Cicero and the “Gang of Five”’,
Classical World
, 82(1988–9), 225–34.

Phillips, E. J., ‘Catiline’s Conspiracy’,
Historia
, 25 (1976), 441–8.

Price, J. J., ‘The Failure of Cicero’s
First Catilinarian
’, in C. Deroux (ed.),
Studies in Latin Literature and Roman History
, 9 (Brussels, 1998), 106–28.

Seager, R. J., ‘
Iusta Catilinae
’,
Historia
, 22 (1973), 240–8.

Stewart, R., ‘Catiline and the Crisis of 63–60
BC
: The Italian Perspective’,
Latomus
, 54 (1995), 62–78.

Waters, K. H., ‘Cicero, Sallust and Catiline’,
Historia
, 19 (1970), 195–215.

Wilkins, A. S. (after K. Halm),
The Orations of Cicero against Catilina
²(London, 1894).

Yavetz, Z., ‘The Failure of Catiline’s Conspiracy’,
Historia
, 12 (1963), 485–99.

Pro Marcello

Dyer, R. R., ‘Rhetoric and Intention in Cicero’s
Pro Marcello
’,
JRS
80 (1990), 17–30.

Fausset, W. Y.,
Cicero:
Orationes Caesarianae
²(Oxford, 1906).

Gotoff, H. C.,
Cicero’s Caesarian Speeches: A Stylistic Commentary
(Chapel Hill, NC, and London, 1993).

Levene, D. S., ‘God and Man in the Classical Latin Panegyric’,
Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society
, 43 (1997), 66–103.

Ruch, M.,
Cicero:
Pro Marcello (Paris, 1965).

Winterbottom, M., ‘Believing the
Pro Marcello
’, in J. F. Miller
et al
. (eds.), Vertis in Usum:
Studies in Honor of Edward Courtney
(Munich, 2002), 24–38.

Philippic II

Denniston, J. D.,
Cicero:
Philippics
I–II
(Oxford, 1926).

Frisch, H.,
Cicero’s Fight for the Republic: The Historical Background of Cicero’s
Philippics (Copenhagen, 1946).

Johnson, W. R.,
Luxuriance and Economy: Cicero and the Alien Style
(Berkeley, 1971).

Lacey, W. K.,
Cicero:
Second Philippic Oration (Warminster, 1986).

Ramsey, J. T.,
Cicero:
Philippics
I–II
(Cambridge, 2003).

Shackleton Bailey, D. R.,
Cicero:
Philippics (Chapel Hill, NC, and London, 1986).

Wooten, C. W.,
Cicero’s
Philippics
and their Demosthenic Model: The Rhetoric of Crisis
(Chapel Hill, NC, and London, 1983).

Further Reading in Oxford World’s Classics

Caesar,
The Civil War
, trans. and ed. John Carter.

———
The Gallic War
, trans. and ed. Carolyn Hammond.

Catullus,
The Poems of Catullus
, trans. and ed. Guy Lee.

Cicero,
Defence Speeches
, trans. and ed. D. H. Berry.

———
The Nature of the Gods
, trans. and ed. P. G. Walsh.

———
On Obligations
, trans. and ed. P. G. Walsh.

———
The Republic
and
The Laws
, trans. Niall Rudd, ed. Jonathan Powell.

Plutarch,
Roman Lives: A Selection of Eight Roman Lives
, trans. Robin Waterfield, ed. Philip A. Stadter.

CHRONOLOGY

The dates are
BC
.

106	Cicero born (3 January).
104–100	Second Sicilian Slave War.
91–87	Social War; Cicero serves under Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo (89) and Sulla (88); Italians win Roman citizenship (90, 89).
88	Sulla occupies Rome.
88–85	First Mithridatic War.
87	Marius and Cinna occupy Rome; domination of Cinna (87–84).
86	Marius dies.
83–81	Second Mithridatic War.
82	Sulla occupies Rome and is made dictator (82–81); proscriptions (82 to 1 June 81).
81	Sulla’s reforms, including establishment of seven permanent crim inal courts with senatorial juries; Pro Quinctio .
80	Pro Roscio Amerino ; Cicero defends the freedom of a woman from Arretium (80 or 79).
79–77	Travels abroad; visits Molon of Rhodes.
78	Sulla dies.
75	Cicero quaestor in western Sicily; henceforward a senator.
73–71	Spartacus’ slave revolt; Verres governor of Sicily.
73–63	Third Mithridatic War.
70	Pompey and Crassus consuls; In Verrem ; lex Aurelia makes juries two-thirds equestrian.
69	Cicero plebeian aedile; Pro Fonteio .
67	Lucullus relieved of Mithridatic command; lex Gabinia gives Pompey command against pirates.
66	Cicero praetor in charge of extortion court; De imperio Cn. Pompei ; lex Manilia gives Pompey Mithridatic command; Pro Cluentio .
63	Cicero consul; De lege agraria ; Pro Rabirio perduellionis reo ; Catilinarian conspiracy; Pro Murena ; execution of the conspirators (5 December).
62	Catiline defeated and killed; Pro Sulla ; Pro Archia ; Bona Dea scandal; Pompey returns to Italy.
61	Clodius acquitted of sacrilege.
60	Publication of In Catilinam ; formation of ‘first triumvirate’.
59	Caesar consul; Clodius adopted into a plebeian family; Pro Flacco .
58	Clodius tribune; Cicero exiled; Caesar conquers Gaul (58–50).
57	Cicero recalled; returns to Rome (4 September); Post reditum in senatu ; Post reditum ad quirites ; De domo sua .
56	Pro Sestio ; In Vatinium ; Pro Caelio ; ‘first triumvirate’ reaffirmed; De haruspicum responsis ; De provinciis consularibus ; Pro Balbo .
55	Pompey and Crassus consuls; In Pisonem ; Cicero begins philosophical and rhetorical works.
54	Defends Vatinius; Pro Plancio ; Pro Scauro ; defends Gabinius (54 or 53).
53	Crassus killed at Carrhae; Cicero is made augur (53 or 52); Pro Rabirio Postumo (53–52).
52	Clodius killed by Milo (18 January); Pompey appointed sole consul; Cicero defends Milo (7 April); publication of Pro Milone (52 or 51).
51–50	Cicero governor of Cilicia.
50	Hortensius dies.
49	Caesar dictator; Civil War begins; Pompey crosses to Greece (17 March); Caesar visits Cicero (28 March); Cicero crosses to Greece (7 June).
48	Pompey defeated at Pharsalus (9 August) and murdered in Egypt (28 September); Cicero returns to Brundisium.
47	Cicero pardoned and allowed to move on to Rome.
46	Pompeians defeated at Thapsus (6 February); Cato commits suicide; Cicero resumes philosophical and rhetorical works; Pro Marcello ; Pro Ligario .
45	Pompeians defeated at Munda (17 March); Pro rege Deiotaro .
44	Caesar and Antony consuls; Caesar dictator perpetuo ; Caesar assassinated (15 March); Octavian named as his heir; Cicero falls out with Antony (September); Philippics I–IV.
43	Civil War; Philippics V–XIV; Antony declared public enemy (April); Octavian occupies Rome and is elected consul (August); formation of ‘second triumvirate’; proscriptions; Cicero murdered (7 December).