Rise of the Robots: Technology and the Threat of a Jobless Future (56 page)

nurse practitioners,
151n

Nutonian, Inc.,
109

occupational polarization,
50

occupational specialization,
73
,
74

Occupy Wall Street movement,
46

Och, Franz,
90

offshoring

electronic,
59
,
116

of information technology,
52

job-market polarization and,
50

MOOCs and,
144

of software development,
64

white-collar jobs and,
115–121

1–2–4 problem,
224

online activities, winner-take-all distribution of profits,
76–78

online courses,
131–135

online language translation tool,
89–90
,
130

online retailing,
16–17
,
103

open source software, ROS,
6
,
7

opportunity cost, comparative advantage and,
75

Organovo,
180

Osborne, Michael A.,
59
,
223

Ostry, Jonathan D.,
214–215

Our Final Invention
(Barrat),
238–239

output, demand and,
207
,
208

outsourcing

of information technology,
52

of legal discovery work,
124–125

See also
offshoring

Page, Larry,
236

“The Painting Fool,”
112–113

parallel systems,
71–72

Parkdale Mills,
8–9

Paro (robot),
155–156

part-time jobs,
49–51

Patent Office’s Hall of Fame,
234

pathology, artificial intelligence and,
152–153

Pauling, Linus,
30

PayPal,
64
,
236

PCE.
See
personal consumption expenditure (PCE)

Peltzman, Sam,
267

Peltzman effect,
267

Penn State, MOOCs and,
136

pensions,
222
,
224

people analytics,
93

Perelman, Les,
130–131

per-employee valuations, technology sector and,
175

permanent income hypothesis,
210–211

personal consumption expenditure (PCE),
202n

personal robots,
7

pharmacists,
172–173n

pharmacy robotics,
153–155

Philippines, income inequality in,
46

Pierson, Paul,
57

Piketty, Thomas,
275

Pinker, Steven,
237

“Piquant” system,
99–100

plagiarism, MOOCs and,
136–137

Player Piano
(Vonnegut),
32

PlayStation,
4

plutocracy,
219

plutonomy,
198

polarization, job-market,
50–51

politics

advancing technology and,
57–58

financial elite’s influence over,
47–48
,
59–60

guaranteed income concept and,
260–261
,
278–279

post-scarcity economy,
247

Poterba, James,
222

poverty trap,
262

Prey
(Crichton),
244

prices

deflation and,
216–217

drug,
170–171

effect of automation on,
215–216

PrimeSense,
4

Princeton University, MOOCs and,
133

Principles of Economics
(Frank & Bernanke),
37

Principles of Economics
(Taylor & Weerapana),
37

productivity,
206–207

defined,
35n

information technology and,
52

recessions and,
207–208

technological progress and,
33

wages and,
xi
,
33
,
35–38
,
38n

product lifecycles, robots and,
11

professionals, erosion of employment for,
xvi–xvi

“Professionals Against Machine Scoring of Student Essays in High Stakes Assessment” (petition),
129
,
130

progress, lack of broad-based,
64–65

proton beam facilities,
164

public universities, MOOCs and,
142

purchasing power

distribution of,
197
,
198

guaranteed income and,
265–266

jobs and,
xvii

“Quill” software,
84–86

Rabkin, Eric,
137

Race Against the Machine
(Brynjolfsson & McAfee),
60

Radical Abundance
(Drexler),
243
,
246

radio-frequency identification (RFID),
154
,
157

radiologists, artificial intelligence and,
xv
,
152

Rand, Ayn,
264

recessions

investment and,
227

months for employment to recover,
45

productivity and,
207–208

stagnant income, rising costs, and,
217–218

See also
Great Recession

recursive improvement, Artificial General Intelligence and,
231–232

Redbox movie rental kiosks,
18–19

regulatory capture,
170

religious overtones of Singularity,
235

“Remaining Awake Through a Great Revolution” (King),
29–30

rent seeking, financialization and,
55–56

Republicans, income distribution preferred by,
47n

reshoring,
8–12

resource depletion, technology and,
xvii
,
282–283

restocking, automated,
18–19

retail sector,
16–20
,
87
,
88
.
See also
online retailing

Rethink Robotics,
5
,
7
,
10

retirement income,
222

Reuther, Walter,
193

reverse engineering the brain,
237

RFID.
See
radio-frequency identification (RFID)

Riegel v. Medtronic, Inc.
,
150n

risk, Peltzman effect and,
267–268

RoboBusiness conference/tradeshow,
7

Robot & Frank
(film),
155

robotics,
6–8

cloud,
20–23

See also
automation
;
robots

robotic walkers,
157

robots

in agriculture,
23–26

box-moving,
1–2
,
5–6

consumer,
197n

educational,
7

elder-care,
155–158

hospital and pharmacy,
153–155

industrial,
1–5
,
10–11

personal,
7

telepresence,
119–120
,
157

Rolling Stone
(magazine),
56

Romney, Mitt,
272

Roosevelt, Franklin,
279

Rosenthal, Elisabeth,
160
,
163

Rosenwald, Michael,
107

ROS (Robot Operating System),
6
,
7

Russell, Stuart,
229

Rutter, Brad,
101

Sachs, Jeffrey,
60

Saez, Emmanuel,
46

safety, autonomous cars and,
184–185
,
187

Salesforce.com
,
134

Samsung Electronics,
70n

Samuelson, Paul,
x

Sand, Benjamin M.,
127

San Jose State University,
134

Sankai, Yoshiyuki,
156–157

Santelli, Rick,
170

savings, China’s high rate of,
224–225

SBTC.
See
skill biased technological change (SBTC)

Schlosser, Eric,
210

Schmidt, Michael,
108
,
109

Schwarzenegger, Arnold,
22