Ross & Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness (216 page)

in large intestine,
299

in small intestine,
296–297
,
296
f

in stomach,
292

through skin,
358

Accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI),
165
f
,
167

Accommodation,
194
,
196
,
196
f

Acetabular labrum,
407
,
407
f

Acetabulum,
398
,
398
f
,
407

Acetyl co-enzyme A,
310

Acetylcholine,
141
,
143
f

in autonomic nervous system,
167
,
168

in neuromuscular transmission,
157
,
411

Achalasia,
314

Achilles (calcanean) tendon,
419
f
,
420

Achlorhydria,
316

Achondroplasia,
422

Acid–base balance,
22
,
338
See also
pH

Acidosis,
22
,
346

Acids,
21–22

Acne vulgaris,
362

Acoustic meatus, external,
186–187
,
186
f
,
388
,
388
f

Acquired disease,
15b

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS),
376–377
,
452

Acromegaly,
221
,
221f

Acromioclavicular joint,
396–397

Acromion process,
396–397
,
396
f

ACTH
See
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone

Actin,
410
f
,
411

Action potential,
139
,
140–141

Active transport,
25
,
32–33
,
33
f

Acute disease,
15b

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis,
179

Acute inflammatory polyneuropathy,
181

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL),
70

Acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML),
70

Acute renal failure,
345–346

Acute tubular necrosis (ATN),
346
,
346b

Adam's apple,
237
,
238

Addisonian crisis,
226

Addison's disease,
226

Adduction,
402
t
,
403
f

Adductor muscles, hip,
419
,
419
f

Adenocarcinoma,
49

colorectal,
320–321

oesophagus,
314

Adenohypophysis
See
Anterior pituitary

Adenoids (pharyngeal tonsils),
236

enlarged,
254

Adenoma,
49

large intestine,
320

pleomorphic salivary,
313

Adenomyosis of uterus,
454

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP),
24
,
24
f
,
64

Adenosine triphosphate
See
ATP

ADH
See
Antidiuretic hormone

Adhesions,
317
,
360
,
361

Adipocytes (fat cells),
36
,
37
f

Adipose tissue,
23
,
37
,
37
f

brown,
37

subcutaneous,
354
,
355

white,
37

ADP (adenosine diphosphate),
24
,
24
f
,
64

Adrenal (suprarenal) arteries,
101
f
,
215

Adrenal cortex,
216–217

disorders,
125
,
224–226

Adrenal glands,
215–217

autonomic control,
170

response to stress,
217
,
218
f

Adrenal medulla,
217

disorders,
125
,
226–227

tumours,
226–227

Adrenal (suprarenal) veins,
102
,
215

Adrenaline (epinephrine),
169–170
,
217

blood flow regulation,
77

carbohydrate metabolism,
307

excess secretion,
125
,
226–227

heart rate regulation,
86

neurotransmitter function,
141
,
143
f

Adrenocortical insufficiency

acute,
226

chronic,
226

Adrenocorticoids,
216–217

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH),
210–211
,
212
t
,
216

deficiency,
226

hypersecretion,
225

response to stress,
217

Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS),
263

Adventitia,
279–280

Aerobic metabolism (respiration),
22–23
,
29
,
308

Aetiology,
14
,
14b
,
15

Afferent nerves
See
Sensory nerves

Afterload,
86

Age differences

heart rate,
87

varicose veins,
116

Agranulocytes,
61
,
63
,
63
f

counts,
62
t

Agranulocytosis,
69–70

AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome),
376–377
,
452

AIDS-related complex (ARC),
376

Air,
234

alveolar,
250

composition,
250
,
250
t

control of entry into lungs,
245
,
252

filtering/cleaning,
235–236
,
240
,
242

humidification,
236
,
237
,
240
,
242
,
246

passages,
236
f
,
237
,
240
,
244
f

warming,
235
,
237
,
240
,
242
,
246

Air sinuses
See
Paranasal sinuses

Airway(s)

conducting,
245

fibrosis, in chronic bronchitis,
255

obstruction,
263

resistance,
249
See also
Respiratory tract

Albinos,
191

Albumin,
56

Alcohol intake,
267–268

Alcoholism,
271

Aldosterone,
216
,
338

function,
216
,
336

hypersecretion,
125

regulation of secretion,
216
,
217
f
,
336
,
336
f

Aldosteronism
See
Hyperaldosteronism

Alimentary canal,
11
,
278
,
279

adventitia (serosa),
279–280

basic structure,
279–283
,
279
f

mucosa,
281
,
282
f

muscle layer,
280–281

nerve supply,
281–283
,
282
f

submucosa,
281
see also specific parts

Alkalis,
21–22

Alkalosis,
22