Ross & Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness (220 page)

organisation,
41–48

survival needs,
7–14
,
8
t

Body fluids,
26
,
26
f

movement of substances within,
25–26

pH of,
21–22
,
21
t
,
465
See also
Fluid
See also
Water

Body mass index (BMI),
266
,
266b

Boils,
361

Bolus formation,
288

Bone(s),
38
,
380–385

blood supply,
381

canaliculi,
382
,
382
f

cells,
381

compact (cortical),
38
,
381–382
,
382
f

development,
382–384
,
383
f

developmental abnormalities,
422

diseases of,
421–422

exercise and,
384

flat,
380
,
381
,
381
f

functions,
380

growth,
383–384
,
384
f

healing,
384–385
,
386
f

infections,
421

irregular,
380
,
381
,
381
f

lacunae,
382
,
382
f

lamellae,
382
,
382
f

long,
380–381
,
380
f
,
382–383
,
383
f

markings,
384

mass, decreased,
421
,
421b

metastases,
422

microscopic structure,
381–382
,
382
f
,
383
f

sequestrae,
384

sesamoid,
380
,
381
,
399

short,
380
,
381

spongy (cancellous, trabecular),
38
,
380
,
382
,
383
f

structure,
380–381

tumours,
422

types,
380
see also specific bones

Bone marrow,
383
f

failure,
67

red,
57

yellow,
57

Border (of bone),
385
t

Bowel
See
Intestine

Bowman's (glomerular) capsule,
331–333
,
332
f

Brachial artery,
92
f
,
98
,
98
f

Brachial plexus,
161
,
161
f

Brachial vein,
93
f
,
99
f

Brachialis muscle,
417
f
,
418

Brachiocephalic artery,
92
f
,
94
f
,
95
,
95
f

Brachiocephalic vein,
93
f
,
95
f
,
98
,
98
f
,
99

Brachioradialis muscle,
417
f
,
418

Bradycardia,
85

sinus,
122

Bradykinin,
368
t

Brain,
9
,
148–154
,
149
f

acceleration–deceleration injuries,
173–174

in acid–base balance,
22

arterial supply to,
96
,
96
f
,
148

blood pressure control,
90

blood supply to,
148

contre coup injuries,
173–174

disorders of,
172–176

effects of hypertension,
125

effects of poisons,
176

expanding (space-occupying) lesions,
172
,
172f

herniation,
172

injury, traumatic,
173–174

meninges,
145–146
,
146
f

metastases,
183

tumours,
172f
,
182–183

venous sinuses,
97
,
97
f
,
146

ventricles,
146–148
,
147
f

Brain stem,
149
f
,
153–154

BRCA1/BRCA2 genes,
455

Bread,
266

Breast,
446–447

cancer,
455
,
456

disorders,
455
,
456

function,
447

lymph drainage,
447

structure,
446–447
,
446
f

tumours,
455

Breathing,
247–250

cycle of,
248–249

diaphragmatic,
247

muscles of,
246
f
,
247–248
,
247
f
,
248
f

variables affecting,
249
,
253
See also
Respiration

Breathlessness
See
Dyspnoea

Brittle bone syndrome,
422

Broad ligament,
441
,
441
f
,
442

Broca's area,
150
f
,
151
,
152
f

Bronchi (bronchus),
244–245

blood/nerve supply,
245

functions,
245

Bronchial arteries,
99
,
100
f
,
241
,
245

Bronchial carcinoma,
262

Bronchial veins,
99
,
245

Bronchiectasis,
257–258
,
261

Bronchioles,
244–245
,
246
f

nerve supply,
245–246

respiratory,
245–246

terminal,
245

Bronchitis,
255

acute,
255

chronic,
255

Bronchoconstriction,
170

Bronchodilation,
170

Bronchopneumonia,
260f
,
261

Bronchospasm,
256–257

Buccinator muscle,
413
,
414
f

Buffers,
21
,
22

Bundle branches, right and left,
83

Bundle of His (atrioventricular bundle),
83

Burkitt's lymphoma,
135

Burns,
363–364

complications,
363–364

‘rule of nines’,
363
,
363f

Bursae,
402
,
408
,
408
f

Busulphan,
259

Byssinosis,
259

C

Cachexia, cancer,
51

Caecum,
293
,
297–298
,
297
f

Calcanean tendon,
419
f
,
420

Calcaneus,
400
,
400
f

Calciferol
See
Vitamin D

Calcitonin,
214

function,
215
,
335
,
338
,
384

secretion,
213

Calcium,
272

in bone,
384

deficiency,
272

homeostasis,
214
,
215
,
338

in muscle contraction,
411

renal reabsorption,
335

Calculi

renal,
347
,
348

salivary gland,
312–313
See also
Gallstones

Callus, fracture,
384
,
386
f