Ross & Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness (222 page)

disorders of,
453

Chalazion,
203

Cheek bone
See
Zygomatic bone

Cheilitis, angular,
311

Chemicals

carcinogens,
49

causing haemolytic anaemia,
68

causing leukaemia,
70

lung diseases induced by,
259–260
See also
Toxins

Chemistry of life,
17–26

Chemoreceptors,
95
,
253

central,
253

control of blood pressure,
89–90
,
90
f

olfactory,
200
,
200
f

peripheral,
253

taste,
200–201

Chemotaxins,
62

Chemotaxis,
369

Chenodeoxycholic acid,
303

Chest
See
Thoracic cage

Chewing,
288
,
288
f
,
391

Chicken pox,
177
,
362

Chief cells,
291
,
291
f

Childbirth,
212

Chlamydia trachomatis
,
204
,
423
,
452

Chloride

ions,
20

plasma,
21
t

Chlorine,
19

Chocolate cysts,
454

Cholangitis,
327

ascending,
327

Cholecystitis,
68

acute,
327

chronic,
327

Cholecystokinin (CCK),
292
,
292
f
,
295
,
296
,
304

Cholelithiasis (gallstones),
68
,
326–327

Cholera,
318–319

Cholesteatoma,
203

Cholesterol,
24
,
28
,
269

Cholic acid,
303

Chondrocytes,
38
,
381

Chondrosarcoma,
422

Chordae tendineae,
80–81

Choroid,
191–192
,
191
f
,
192
f

malignant melanoma,
205

Choroid plexuses,
147

Christmas disease,
72

Chromatids,
31

Chromatin,
29
,
429
,
430
f

Chromosomes,
29
,
428
,
430
f
,
438

abnormalities,
436

crossing over,
432

homologous,
428
,
433

karyotype,
428
,
429
f

Chronic disease,
15b

Chronic fatigue syndrome,
135
,
178

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL),
70

Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML),
70

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),
255

Chronic renal failure,
344
,
346–347
,
346t

Chyle,
129

Chyme,
291
,
292

Chymotrypsin,
295
,
305
t

Chymotrypsinogen,
295

Cilia,
30

Ciliary arteries,
192

Ciliary body,
191
,
191
f
,
192
f

Ciliary ganglion,
169
f

Ciliary muscle,
166
,
191
,
192
f

Circle of Willis (circulus arteriosus),
96
,
96
f
,
148

Circulation,
74
,
91–105

collateral,
75

fetal,
108–110

portal,
102

pulmonary,
9
,
74
,
74
f
,
82
,
82
f
,
91–93

systemic (general),
9
,
74
,
74
f
,
82
f
,
94–105

Circulatory disorders, splenomegaly in,
136

Circulatory failure
See
Shock

Circulatory system,
8–9
,
8
f
,
74

Circulus arteriosus,
96
,
96
f
,
148

Circumduction,
402
t
,
403
f

Circumflex nerve,
161
,
162
f

Cirrhosis of liver,
325
,
326

Cisterna chyli,
128
f
,
130

Citric acid cycle,
306
,
307
f
,
308

Claudication, intermittent,
114

Clavicle,
396
,
396
f

Cleft,
385
t

Cleft palate/lip,
312
,
312f

Climacteric,
445–446

Clitoris,
439
,
439
f

Clostridium difficile
,
318

Clostridium perfringens
,
299
,
318
,
362

Clot, blood,
64
,
65
f

Clothing,
357

Clotting
See
Coagulation

Clotting factors,
56
,
64
,
64
t
,
302

CNS
See
Central nervous system

Coagulation (blood clotting),
64
,
64
f

control of,
65

defects, in liver failure,
326

disseminated intravascular (DIC),
71

extrinsic pathway,
64
,
64
f

factors
See
Clotting factors

final common pathway,
64

increased susceptibility,
113

intrinsic pathway,
64
,
64
f

Coal workers' pneumoconiosis,
258–259

Coarctation of aorta,
124
,
125

Cobalamin
See
Vitamin B
12

Cobalamin compounds,
271

Coccygeal nerves,
156
f
,
159

Coccygeal plexus,
163
,
163
f

Coccygeus muscle,
416
f
,
417

Coccyx,
44
,
391
,
393
,
393
f

Cochlea,
188
,
188
f
,
189
f

Cochlear duct,
188
,
188
f
,
189
f

Cochlear nerve,
166
,
186
,
188

Co-dominance,
433–434

Codons,
431

Coeliac artery,
94
f
,
100
,
101
f

Coeliac disease,
271
,
323

Coeliac ganglion (plexus),
168
,
168
f

Cofactors, enzyme,
24

Coitus,
13

Cold, common,
254

Cold sores,
311
,
362

Colic

biliary,
327

renal,
347

Collagen,
36

in bone,
381–382

fibres,
355
,
359

Collar bone (clavicle),
396
,
396
f

Collateral circulation,
75

Collecting ducts, renal,
331
,
332
,
332
f
,
333
,
333
f

Colloid,
213

Colon,
298

ascending,
298

descending,
298

sigmoid,
298

transverse,
298

Colorectal cancer,
320–321

Colour blindness,
197
,
434
,
434
f

Colour vision,
194
,
197

Columnar epithelium,
34
,
34
f

Coma, hypoglycaemic,
228