Ross & Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness (237 page)

postsynaptic,
141
,
142
f

presynaptic,
141
,
142
f

response to injury,
144–145

Neurotransmitters,
10
,
141–142
,
143
f

Neutrons,
18
,
18
t
,
19

Neutropenia,
69–70

Neutrophils,
62
,
62
f

chemotaxis,
369

counts,
62
t
,
466

in inflammation,
368

in non-specific defences,
366

Newborn infants
See
Neonates

Niacin (nicotinic acid),
271

Night blindness,
270

Nipple,
447

Nitric oxide (NO),
77

Nitrogen,
11

in air,
250
t

balance,
269
,
309

partial pressure,
250
,
250
t

transport in blood,
57

Nitrogenous foods
See
Proteins

Nocturia,
343t
,
346

Nodes of Ranvier,
140
,
140
f
,
141

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,
135

Non-starch polysaccharide (NSP),
266
,
273
,
299

Non-verbal communication,
10

Noradrenaline (norepinephrine),
169–170
,
217

excess secretion,
125
,
226–227

heart rate and,
86

neurotransmitter function,
141
,
143
f
,
167

Normal values,
465

Noroviruses,
319

Nose,
234–236

olfactory function,
200
,
200
f
,
236

position and structure,
234–235

respiratory function,
235–236
,
236
f

tumours,
255

Nostrils,
235
,
235
f

Nucleic acids,
24

Nucleolus,
29

Nucleotides,
24
,
428

Nucleus (nuclei)

cell,
28–29

nervous system,
139
,
149

Nucleus pulposus,
180
,
393

Nutrient arteries,
381

Nutrients,
11
,
266
,
278

absorption,
278
,
296–297
,
304
,
305
t

in balanced diet,
266–268

capillary exchange,
77–78
,
77
f

essential,
266

fetal circulation,
108–109

ingestion of,
11–12
,
278

in plasma,
57

transport within body,
56

Nutrition,
265

disorders of,
274
See also
Diet
See also
Food

O

Obesity,
274

Obstructive lung disorders,
255–258

Obturator foramen,
398
f
,
399
f

Obturator muscles,
419

Obturator nerve,
162
f
,
163
,
163
f
,
164
f

Occipital artery,
95
f
,
96

Occipital bone,
388–389
,
389
f

Occipital lobe,
148
,
150
f
,
164–165

Occipital nodes,
130
f

Occipital vein,
97
f

Occipitofrontalis muscle,
413
,
414
f

Occupational lung diseases,
258–259

Oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III),
165
f
,
166
,
191
,
197
,
198
t

Oddi, hepatopancreatic sphincter of,
293
,
300

Odontoid process,
392
f
,
393

Oedema,
117–119

causes,
118

cerebral,
172
,
173
,
174

dependent,
117–118

in heart failure,
120

in inflammatory response,
368

in liver failure,
326

in nephrotic syndrome,
344

pitting,
117

pulmonary,
90
,
118
,
120

sites,
118

Oesophageal arteries,
99
,
100
f
,
288

Oesophageal atresia,
314

Oesophageal sphincter

lower (cardiac sphincter),
288

upper,
288

Oesophageal varices,
117
,
313
,
313f
,
326

Oesophageal veins,
99

Oesophagitis

acute,
313

reflux,
313

Oesophagus,
287–289
,
287
f

Barrett's,
314

congenital abnormalities,
314

diseases of,
313–314

functions,
288–289

inflammatory/infectious conditions,
313–314

structure,
288

tumours,
314

Oestrogen,
109
,
211
,
443–444
,
444
f

in bone growth,
383

in pregnancy,
442

in reproductive cycle,
445
,
446
f

reproductive functions,
446
b

Oils,
269

Olecranon process,
397
f
,
405
f

Olfaction
See
Smell, sense of

Olfactory area (cortex),
152
,
200

Olfactory bulb,
164
,
200
,
200
f

Olfactory nerve (cranial nerve I),
164
,
165
f
,
200
,
236

Olfactory nerve endings,
200
,
200
f

Olfactory tract,
200
,
200
f

Oligodendrocytes,
144

response to injury,
145

Oliguria,
343t
,
345–346

in liver failure,
326

Omentum, greater,
280

Ophthalmia, neonatal,
452

Ophthalmic artery,
192

Ophthalmic nerve,
166
,
166
f

Ophthalmoscopy,
193
f

Opportunistic infections,
376

Opposition of thumb,
404
,
407

Optic chiasma,
165–166
,
193–194
,
193
f

Optic disc,
192
,
193
f

Optic foramina,
165–166

Optic nerve (cranial nerve II),
165–166
,
165
f
,
190
,
192
,
193–194
,
193
f

Optic radiations,
193
f
,
194

Optic tracts,
193
f
,
194

Oral cavity,
283
See also
Mouth

Orbicularis oculi muscle,
198
,
199
,
413
,
414
f

Orbicularis oris muscle,
413
,
414
f

Orbital cavities,
386

Orchitis,
313
,
456

Organ failure, in malignant disease,
51

Organelles, cell,
28–30

Organic compounds,
19

Organs,
4
,
28

Oropharynx,
236–237
,
287

Osmolarity, plasma,
25–26

Osmoreceptors,
213
,
337