Ross & Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness (236 page)

cardiac
See
Cardiac muscle

diseases of,
424–425

fascia,
37

fascicles,
410

fatigue,
412

fibres (cells),
38
,
409

insertion,
413

involuntary,
39
,
409

involuntary control,
158

non-striated,
39
,
409

origin,
413

principal,
413–420

recovery after exercise,
412

sensory nerve pathways,
157

skeletal
See
Skeletal muscle

smooth,
39
,
39
f
,
409

striated (striped),
39
,
410

terminology,
413
,
413
t

tissue,
38–40
,
409–413

tone,
412

voluntary,
39
,
410

voluntary control,
157–158
see also specific muscles

Muscle contraction,
411

all or none law,
412

isometric and isotonic,
412–413

strength,
411–412

venous return and,
86

Muscular dystrophies,
425

Muscularis mucosa,
281

Musculocutaneous nerve,
161
,
162
f

Musculoskeletal system,
13
,
379–426

terminology,
385
t

Mutations,
429–430
,
435–436

Myalgic encephalitis (ME),
135
,
178

Myasthenia gravis,
136
,
376

Mycobacterium bovis
,
261

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
,
261
,
369

Myelin,
140
,
140
f

sheath,
140
,
141

Myeloblast,
61–62

Myelocyte,
61–62

Myeloma, multiple,
135

Myenteric plexus,
281

Myocardial infarction,
115
,
121

Myocardium,
80
,
80
f

energy sources,
85

weakness of,
120

Myofibrils,
410
f

Myoglobin,
411

Myoglobinaemia,
346b

Myomas, uterine,
454

Myometrium,
441

Myopia (nearsightedness),
206
,
206f

Myosin,
410
f
,
411

Myotonic dystrophy,
425

Myxoedema,
223

N

Nails,
356–357
,
357
f

Nares

anterior,
235
,
235
f

posterior,
235
,
235
f

Nasal bone,
390
,
390
f

Nasal cavity,
234–236
,
235
f

openings into,
235

Nasal septum,
234
,
235
f
,
389

haemangiomata,
255

Nasolacrimal duct,
199
,
199
f
,
235
,
390

Nasopharynx,
236
,
287

tumours,
255

Natural killer (NK) cells,
369

Natural selection,
13

Navicular,
400
,
400
f

Nearsightedness,
206
,
206f

Neck

arterial supply to,
95–96
,
95
f

lymph nodes,
130
,
130
f

muscles,
414
,
414
f

venous return,
97–98
,
97
f

Necrosis, tumour cell,
50

Necrotising fasciitis,
362

Negative feedback mechanisms,
6–7
,
6
f
,
7
f
,
208

glucocorticoids,
216
,
216
f

pituitary hormones,
209
,
211
,
211
f

thyroid hormones,
214
,
214
f

in water balance,
337

Neisseria gonorrhoeae
,
452

Neisseria meningitidis
,
177

Neonates

circulatory changes,
109
f
,
110

conjunctivitis,
203

cystic fibrosis,
258

haemolytic disease of,
68
,
68f

haemolytic jaundice,
327

haemorrhagic disease of,
71

ophthalmia,
452

pulmonary surfactant,
245

respiratory distress syndrome,
263

teeth,
284–285

vitamin K supplements,
271

Neoplasms
See
Tumours

Nephritis, acute,
343

Nephroblastoma,
348

Nephron,
331–333
,
332
f

filtration in,
334–335

secretion by,
336

selective reabsorption in,
335–336

Nephropathy

diabetic,
229
,
345

reflux,
345

Nephrotic syndrome,
344

Nerve(s),
139
,
142
,
143
f

afferent
See
Sensory nerves

efferent
See
Motor nerves

mixed,
142
,
159

regeneration,
145
,
145
f
See also
Peripheral nerves
See also
Spinal nerves
specific nerves

Nerve cells
See
Neurones

Nerve fibres,
139

communication along,
10

myelinated,
140
,
141
f

non-myelinated,
140
,
141
f
See also
Axons

Nerve impulse,
139
,
140–141

saltatory conduction,
141
,
141
f

simple propagation,
141
,
141
f

Nerve roots,
159–160

anterior (motor),
160

compression,
180–181

posterior (sensory),
160

Nervous system,
9–10
,
9
f
,
137–184

cells and tissues,
139–145

components,
138
,
138
f

developmental abnormalities,
182

somatic,
138

tumours,
182–183
See also
Autonomic nervous system
See also
Central nervous system
See also
Peripheral nervous system

Nervous tissue,
40

response to injury,
144–145
,
145
f

Neural tube defects,
182

Neurilemma,
140

Neuroblastoma,
227

Neurogenic shock,
111

Neuroglia (glial cells),
40
,
139
,
142–144
,
144
f

response to injury,
145

Neurohypophysis
See
Posterior pituitary

Neuroma, traumatic,
145

Neuromuscular junction,
142
,
411
,
411
f

Neurones,
4
f
,
40
,
139–142

cell bodies,
139

communication between,
10

myelinated,
140
,
140
f
,
141
,
141
f

non-myelinated,
140
,
140
f
,
141
,
141
f