Ross & Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness (245 page)

Stop codon,
431

Strabismus,
204

Straight sinus,
97
,
97
f
,
146

Strains,
423

Strangulation,
321
,
323
,
323

Stratified epithelium,
34–35
,
35
f

keratinised,
35

non-keratinised,
35
,
35
f

squamous,
34–35

Stratum corneum,
354
,
354
f

Streptococcus faecalis
,
299
,
349

Streptococcus pneumoniae
,
177
,
260
,
261

Streptococcus pyogenes
,
368

skin infections,
361
,
362

tonsillitis,
254

Stress incontinence,
349–350

Stress response,
169–170
,
217
,
218
f

Stretch marks (striae),
355

Stretch reflexes,
158

Striae,
355

Stroke,
175–176
,
175f

hypertension and,
125
,
175

Stroke volume,
85–86
,
85
b
,
87

Stroma,
443

Structural complexity, levels of,
4
,
5
f

Stye,
203

Styloid process,
385
t

Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord,
180–181

Subarachnoid haemorrhage,
172f
,
175–176
,
175f

Subarachnoid space,
146
,
146
f

Subclavian artery,
92
f
,
94
f
,
95
,
95
f
,
98
,
98
f

Subclavian vein,
93
f
,
97–98
,
98
f

Subcostal nerves,
162
f
,
164
,
164
f
,
165
f

Subcutaneous tissue,
354
,
355
,
355
f

Subdural haemorrhage/haematoma,
172f

acute,
174

chronic,
174

Subdural space,
146

Sublingual glands,
286

Submandibular ganglion,
169
f

Submandibular glands,
286

Submandibular nodes,
130
f

Submucosa,
281

Submucosal plexus,
281

Subphrenic abscess,
316
,
317
,
317f

Subpleural abscess,
261

Substance P,
141

Substrate, enzyme,
24

Sucrase,
296
,
305
t

Sucrose,
22
,
23
f

Sugars,
22–23
,
268

foods high in,
267

Sulci,
148
,
150
f

Superficial palmar arch,
98
,
98
f

Superficial peroneal nerve,
163
,
163
f
,
164
f

Superficial temporal vein,
97
f

Superior,
42
f
,
42
t

Superior cervical ganglion,
168
f
,
237

Superior gluteal nerve,
163
f

Superior laryngeal artery,
239

Superior laryngeal nerve,
239

Superior mesenteric artery,
94
f
,
100
,
101
f
,
102
f
,
295
,
298

Superior mesenteric ganglion,
168
,
168
f

Superior mesenteric vein,
102
,
103
f
,
295
,
299

Superior oblique muscle,
166
,
198
f
,
198
t

Superior rectus muscle,
166
,
198
f
,
198
t

Superior sagittal sinus,
97
,
97
f
,
146

Superior thyroid artery,
95
,
95
f
,
213
,
213
f

Superior thyroid vein,
97
f

Superior vena cava,
81
,
93
f
,
94
,
98
f
,
99

Supination,
402
t
,
403
f
,
406

Supinator muscle,
418

Suppuration,
360–361
,
369

Suppressor T-cells,
370
,
371
f

Supraclavicular nerves,
162
f
,
165
f

Supra-optic nucleus,
210
f

Supraorbital vein,
97
f

Suprarenal
See
Adrenal

Supraspinous ligament,
394
,
394
f

Sural nerve,
163
,
163
f
,
164
f

Surfactant,
245

impaired function,
263

Surgery, lymphatic obstruction due to,
134

Survival

needs,
7–14
,
8
t

of the species,
8
t
,
13–14

Suspensory ligament

of lens,
191
,
191
f

of ovary,
441
f

Sutures,
385
t

Swallowing,
288–289
,
288
f

Sweat,
273
,
355–356

Sweat glands,
13
,
354
,
355–356
,
355
f

Sweating,
171
,
337
,
358

Sympathetic ganglia,
167–168

lateral chain,
167–168
,
168
f

prevertebral,
167
,
168

Sympathetic nervous system,
167–168
,
168
f

alimentary tract innervation,
281–283
,
282
f

blood vessel diameter regulation,
76
,
76
f

cardiovascular control,
83
,
88
,
88
t

effects of stimulation,
168
f
,
169–170

neurotransmitters,
143
f

postganglionic neurones,
167–168
,
168
f

preganglionic neurones,
167–168
,
168
f

response to stress,
217
,
218
f

spinal nerves,
159
,
160
,
167

Symphysis pubis,
398
,
398
f
,
399
f

Symptom,
15b

Synapse,
141–142
,
142
f

Synaptic cleft,
411

Syncope (fainting),
126

Syndrome,
15b

Synovial cells,
63

Synovial fluid,
40
,
402

Synovial joints,
401–404

main, of limbs,
404–410

movements at,
402
,
402
t
,
403
f

structure,
401–402
,
402
f

types,
402–404

Synovial membrane,
40
,
402

Synovial sheaths,
406
,
407
,
407
f

Syphilis,
452

Syringomyelia,
181

Systemic circulation,
9
,
74
,
74
f
,
82
f
,
94–105

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE),
424

Systemic sclerosis,
424

Systems, body,
4
,
28

Systole,
84