Ross & Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness (248 page)

Ultraviolet (UV) light,
194

Umbilical arteries,
108
,
109
f

Umbilical cord,
108

Umbilical hernia,
321

Umbilical region,
47
f

Umbilical vein,
108
,
109
f

Umbilicus,
108

Upper limb,
45
,
396

arterial supply,
92
f
,
98
,
98
f

bones,
397–398

joints,
404–407

lymph nodes,
131

muscles,
417–418
,
417
f

nerves,
161
,
162
f

venous return,
93
f
,
98–99
,
99
f

Upper motor neurones (UMN),
150
,
151
f
,
158
t

involuntary muscle control,
158

lesions,
179
,
179t

voluntary muscle control,
157

Uraemia,
346

Urea

in blood,
57

excretion in sweat,
359

formation,
269
,
302
,
309

Ureteritis,
349

Ureters,
330
,
338–339
,
338
f
,
339
f

diseases of,
348–350

function,
339

obstruction by calculi,
347
,
348

structure,
339
,
339
f

Urethra,
13
,
330
,
340–341
,
340
f

diseases of,
348–350

female,
341

infections,
455

male,
449–450
,
450
f

membranous,
449–450

prostatic,
449–450

spongiose/penile,
449–450

Urethral sphincters

autonomic control,
170

external,
341
,
342
f
,
450
,
450
f

internal,
340
,
341
f
,
342
f
,
450
,
450
f

Urethritis,
349

chlamydial,
452

gonococcal,
452
,
455–456

non-specific,
452
,
455–456

Reiter's syndrome,
423

Urge incontinence,
350

Uric acid,
57
,
302

Urinary incontinence,
341
,
343t
,
349–350

Urinary system,
12
,
12
f
,
329–350
,
330
f

diseases of,
343–350
,
343t

Urinary tract infections (UTI),
345
,
349

complicated,
349

Urinary tract obstruction,
347f
,
348–349

Urine,
12
,
330
,
466

composition,
337

dark, in jaundice,
327
,
328

formation,
334–337
,
336
f

output,
337

pH,
21
t
,
337
,
338
,
347

specific gravity,
337

Urobilin,
337

Urobilinogen,
296
,
303

Uterine arteries,
439

Uterine tubes,
13
,
14
,
442

blockage causing infertility,
454

disorders of,
454

Uterosacral ligaments,
442

Uterus,
13
,
440–442

adenomyosis,
454

anteflexion,
440

anteversion,
440

disorders,
453–454

functions,
442

leiomyomas (fibroids),
454

retroversion,
455

structure,
441
,
441
f

supporting structures,
441–442
,
441
f
See also
Cervix, uterine

Utricle,
188
,
188
f
,
190

Uveal tract,
190

Uvula,
237
,
283
,
283
f

V

Vaccines,
373
,
373
b

Vagina,
13
,
439–440
,
440
f

Vaginal arteries,
439

Vagus nerve (cranial nerve X),
83
,
165
f
,
166–167
,
167
f

alimentary tract innervation,
281

control of respiration,
253

secretion of gastric juice,
292
,
292
f

Valsalva's manoeuvre,
299
,
341

Valves

heart
See
Heart valves

lymph vessels,
129
,
129
f

venous,
75–76
,
75
f

Varicella (chicken pox),
177
,
362

Varices, oesophageal,
117
,
313
,
313f
,
326

Varicocele, scrotal,
117

Varicose ulcers,
116

Varicose veins,
116–117
,
117f

Vas deferens (deferent duct),
13
,
448
,
448
f
,
449
,
449
f

Vasa vasorum,
76

Vasoconstriction,
76
,
76
f

blood pressure and,
87

in haemostasis,
64

local regulation,
77

sympathetic control,
171

temperature regulation,
358

Vasodilatation,
76
,
76
f
,
170

blood pressure and,
87

in inflammation,
367

local regulation,
77

temperature regulation,
358

Vasomotor centre,
76
,
153

Vasomotor paralysis,
172

Vasopressin
See
Antidiuretic hormone

Vastus muscles,
419
,
419
f

Vegetables,
267

Vegetarian diet,
269

Vegetative state, persistent,
174

Veins,
8
,
75–76
,
75
f
,
107
f

communicating,
104
,
105

deep,
93
f
,
97
,
98–99
,
104

emboli originating in,
113

of limbs,
93
f
,
98–99
,
104–105

superficial,
93
f
,
97
,
99
,
105
,
105
f

valves,
75–76
,
75
f

varicose,
116–117
,
117f
see also specific veins

Venous return,
85–86

Venous sinuses of brain,
97
,
97
f
,
146

Venous thrombosis,
116

Ventilation

alveolar,
250

pulmonary
See
Breathing

Ventral,
42
t

Ventricles

of brain,
146–148
,
147
f