Ross & Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness (241 page)

Proteinuria,
343t
,
344

asymptomatic,
343

Prothrombin activator,
64

Protons,
18
,
18
t

Proximal,
42
f
,
42
t

Proximal convoluted tubule, renal,
332
,
332
f

Pruritus,
327
,
362

Psoas muscle,
415
f
,
418

Psoriasis,
362

Psoriatic arthritis,
423

Pterygoid muscle,
414

Pterygopalatine ganglion,
169
f

Ptosis,
376

Puberty

female,
444

growth spurt,
383

male,
450–451

Pubis,
398
,
398
f
,
399
f

Pubocervical fascia,
442

Pubofemoral ligament,
407
,
407
f

Pudendal nerve,
163
,
163
f
,
299
,
439

Pulmonary arteries,
244
,
244
f

left/right,
81
,
91

main (pulmonary trunk),
81
,
82
,
91
,
244

stenosis of,
124

Pulmonary blood flow

autoregulation,
90

regulation,
252

Pulmonary capillaries,
91
,
244
,
246
f

Pulmonary circulation,
9
,
74
,
74
f
,
82
,
82
f
,
91–93

changes at birth,
110

pressure in,
90

Pulmonary embolism,
113
,
119
,
121

Pulmonary hypertension,
125–126

Pulmonary oedema,
90
,
118
,
120

Pulmonary trunk
see under
Pulmonary arteries

Pulmonary valve,
81
,
84

Pulmonary vascular resistance, increased,
120

Pulmonary veins,
81–82
,
91
,
244
,
244
f

Pulp cavity,
285
,
285
f

Pulse,
9
,
90–91
,
91
f

factors affecting,
90–91

rate,
90

Pulse pressure,
87
,
115

Punnett squares,
433

Pupil,
191
,
192
f

autonomic control,
170–171
,
191
,
195–196

change in size,
194
,
195–196

constriction,
196

Purkinje fibres,
83

Purpura,
71

Pus,
62
,
360–361
,
369

Pyelonephritis, acute,
345

Pyloric sphincter,
290
,
290
f
,
291

Pyloric stenosis,
316

congenital,
316

Pyramidal tracts,
148–149
,
157

Pyramids, decussation of,
148–149
,
153

Pyrexia (fever),
358
,
369

Pyridoxine,
271

Pyrogens,
358
,
369

Pyruvic acid,
308

Q

Quadratus lumborum muscle,
415
,
415
f

Quadriceps femoris muscle,
418–419

tendon,
408
,
408
f

Quinsy,
254

R

Rabies,
177–178

Radial artery,
92
f
,
98
,
98
f

Radial nerve,
161
,
162
f

Radial vein,
93
f

Radiation

heat loss by,
357–358

ionising,
49
,
67
,
70

Radioulnar joints

distal,
397
,
405–406
,
406
f

proximal,
397
,
405–406
,
405
f

Radius,
397
,
397
f

Rami,
160

anterior,
160

communicante,
160

posterior,
160
,
164
f

Ranvier, nodes of,
140
,
140
f
,
141

Raw materials, intake of,
8
t
,
11–12

Receptors,
208

Recessive genes,
433
,
434
f

Rectouterine pouch (of Douglas),
441

Rectum,
297
,
298

Rectus abdominis muscles,
416
,
416
f

Rectus femoris muscle,
419
,
419
f

Recurrent laryngeal nerve,
213
,
215
f
,
239
,
241

Red blood cells
See
Erythrocytes

Referred pain,
171
f
,
171
t
,
172

Reflex action,
10
,
158

Reflex arc,
158
,
159
f

Reflex centres, medulla oblongata,
154

Reflexes

autonomic,
158
,
169–170

spinal,
155
,
158
,
159
f

stretch,
158

Reflux nephropathy,
345

Reflux oesophagitis,
313

Refraction, light,
194
,
194
f
,
195
,
195
f

Refractive errors,
205–206
,
206f

Refractory period,
141

Regeneration

nervous tissue,
145
,
145
f

tissue,
40

Regional ileitis (Crohn's disease),
319–320
,
319t

Regional terms, anatomical,
41
,
42
f

Reiter's syndrome,
423

Renal arteries,
94
f
,
100
,
101
f
,
331
f
,
332–333

Renal blood flow, autoregulation,
334–335

Renal calculi,
347
,
348

Renal cell carcinoma,
348

Renal colic,
347

Renal collecting ducts
See
Collecting ducts, renal

Renal failure,
345–347

acute,
345–346

chronic,
344
,
346–347
,
346t

complicating burns,
363

in diabetes mellitus,
229
,
345

end-stage,
346t
,
347

in liver failure,
326
See also
Kidney disease

Renal fascia,
330–331

Renal papilla,
331
,
331
f

Renal pelvis,
331
,
331
f

diseases of,
348–350

Renal pyramids,
331
,
331
f

Renal threshold,
335

Renal tubules,
331–333
,
332
f

acute tubular necrosis (ATN),
346
,
346b

distal convoluted,
332
,
332
f

medullary loop
See
Loop of Henle

peritubular capillaries,
332–333
,
333
f

proximal convoluted,
332
,
332
f

secretion into,
336

selective reabsorption within,
335–336

Renal vein,
102
,
331
f

Renin,
216
,
330
,
338

Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS),
90
,
216
,
336
f
,
338

Repolarisation,
83
,
140–141