Ross & Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness (233 page)

functions,
240

interior structure,
239–240

ligaments/membranes,
239

structure,
238–240

tumours,
255

Lateral,
42
f
,
42
t

Lateral canthus,
198–199

Lateral cutaneous nerve of calf of leg,
164
f

Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh,
162
,
162
f
,
163
f
,
164
f

Lateral flexion,
395

Lateral geniculate body,
164–165
,
193
f
,
194

Lateral rectus muscle,
166
,
198
f
,
198
t

Lateral sulcus,
148
,
150
f

Lateral ventricles,
146–147
,
147
f

Latissimus dorsi muscle,
414
,
415
f
,
417
f

Left ventricular failure,
120

Leg
See
Lower limb

Leiomyomas, uterine,
454

Lens,
191–192
,
191
f

biconcave,
206

biconvex,
195
,
195
f
,
205

changing power,
196

corrective,
205–206
,
206f

focusing function,
195

Leukaemia,
70

acute,
70

chronic,
70

Leukocytes (white blood cells),
8
,
8
f
,
61–63

chemotaxis,
369

in connective tissue,
36

counts,
62
t
,
466

diapedesis,
62
,
62
f

disorders,
69–70

migration,
368–369

Leukocytosis,
70

Leukopenia,
67
,
69–70

Leukotrienes,
220

Levator ani muscle,
416
f
,
417

Levator palpebrae (superioris) muscle,
166
,
198
,
198
f
,
199
,
413
,
414
f

Leydig cells (interstitial cells),
448

LH
See
Luteinising hormone

Ligamenta flava,
394
,
394
f

Ligaments,
37
,
38
,
402

capsular,
402

injuries,
423

Ligamentum nuchae,
394

Ligamentum teres,
407

Light,
194

accommodation of eyes to,
194
,
196
,
196
f

focusing on retina,
195
,
195
f

refraction,
194
,
195
,
195
f

spectrum,
194
,
194
f

Linea alba,
395
,
415
,
416
f

Linea aspera,
399
f

Lingual artery,
95
,
95
f
,
284

Lingual nerve,
284

Lingual vein,
97
f
,
284

Linoleic acid,
269

Linolenic acid,
269

Lip, cleft,
312
,
312f

Lipases,
295
,
296
,
305
t

Lipids,
23–24

Lipolysis,
216

Liver,
12
,
300–303
,
300
f
,
301
f

autonomic control,
170

blood flow through,
301
,
302
f

blood supply to,
301

cirrhosis of,
325–326
,
327

diseases of,
324–326

failure,
325
,
326

functions,
301–303

heat production,
303
,
357

lobes,
301

lobules,
301
,
302
f

structure,
301

tumours,
326

Locus,
428

Longitudinal cerebral fissure,
148

Loop of Henle,
332
,
332
f

selective reabsorption within,
335

Lorain–Lévi syndrome,
222

Lower limb,
45

arterial supply,
92
f
,
102–105
,
104
f

bones,
398–401

joints,
407–409

lymph drainage,
131

muscles,
418–420
,
419
f

nerves,
161–163
,
163
f
,
164
f

varicose veins,
116–117

venous return,
93
f
,
104–105
,
105
f

Lower motor neurones (LMN),
150
,
151
f
,
155
,
157–158

lesions,
179
,
179t

reflexes,
158

Lumbar nerves,
156
f
,
159

Lumbar plexus,
161–163
,
162
f

Lumbar puncture,
154

Lumbar region,
47
f

Lumbar spine,
391
,
391
f

Lumbosacral trunk,
162
f
,
163

Lunate,
397
,
398
f

Lung(s),
242–246

abscess,
261

in acid–base balance,
22

blood supply,
244
,
244
f

chemically induced diseases,
259–260

circulation
See
Pulmonary circulation

collapse,
262–264
,
263f

compliance,
249

elasticity,
249

fissures,
243

function tests,
250

infections,
260–262

interior structure,
244

lobes,
243
,
243
f

lobules,
244
,
245

obstructive disorders,
255–258

occupational diseases,
258–259

oxygen toxicity,
260

position/gross structure,
242–243
,
242
f
,
243
f

regulation of air and blood flow in,
252

restrictive disorders,
258–260

tumours,
262

volumes and capacities,
249–250
,
249
f

Lupus erythematosus, systemic (SLE),
424

Luteinising hormone (LH),
211–212
,
212
t

in females,
445

in males,
450–451

Luteinising hormone releasing hormone (LHRH, GnRH),
211
,
445

Lymph,
9
,
128
,
129

filtration,
131

impaired drainage,
118

regional drainage,
128
f

Lymph capillaries,
78
,
129
,
129
f

Lymph nodes,
9
,
128
,
128
f
,
130–131

diseases of,
134–135

functions,
131

metastases,
135

small intestine,
294

structure,
130–131
,
130
f
,
131
f

Lymph vessels,
9
,
129–130
,
129
f