Ross & Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness (230 page)

Hyaline material,
115
,
115f

Hydrocele,
456

Hydrocephalus,
172
,
173

communicating,
173

non-communicating,
173

primary,
173

secondary,
173

Hydrochloric acid (HCl),
291
,
305
t
,
366

Hydrocortisone
See
Cortisol

Hydrogen

atoms,
18
,
18
f
,
19

isotopes,
19
,
19
f

Hydrogen ions (H
⁺
)

concentration,
21–22
,
465

excretion,
338

tubular secretion,
336
,
338
See also
pH

Hydrogen phosphate,
338

Hydronephrosis,
348–349

Hydrophilic molecules,
28

Hydrophobia,
178

Hydrophobic molecules,
23–24
,
28

Hydrostatic pressure

capillaries,
78
,
78
f

glomerular capillaries,
334
,
334
f

glomerular filtrate,
334
,
334
f

venous, increased,
118

5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin),
64
,
141
,
219
,
368
t

Hymen,
439

imperforate,
453

Hyoid bone,
238
f
,
283–284
,
390

Hyperaesthesia,
178

Hyperaldosteronism,
226

primary (Conn's syndrome),
125
,
226

secondary,
226

Hypercalcaemia,
224

Hypercapnia,
252
,
253
,
255

Hyperkalaemia,
346

Hyperlipidaemia,
344

Hypermetropia (farsightedness),
205
,
206f

Hypernephroma,
348

Hyperparathyroidism,
224

Hyperprolactinaemia,
221

Hypersensitivity,
374

type I, anaphylactic,
374
,
375f

type II, cytotoxic,
374
,
375f

type III, immune-complex-mediated,
374
,
375f

type IV, delayed type,
374
,
375f

Hypertension,
124–126

benign (chronic),
125
,
345

effects/complications,
125–126
,
175

essential,
124–125
,
345

kidney disease and,
125
,
345
,
346

malignant (accelerated),
119
,
125
,
345

portal,
313
,
325
,
326

pulmonary,
125–126

secondary,
125
,
345

Hyperthyroidism,
215
t
,
222–223

Hypertonic solution,
25–26
,
26
f

Hypoalbuminaemia,
344

Hypoaldosteronism,
226

Hypocalcaemia,
224

Hypochondriac region,
47
f

Hypogastric region,
47
f

Hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII),
165
f
,
167
,
284

Hypoglycaemia,
228

Hypoglycaemic coma,
228

Hypokalaemia,
226

Hypoparathyroidism,
224

Hypophyseal fossa,
389
,
389
f

Hypophysis
See
Pituitary gland

Hypotension,
126

postural,
126

Hypothalamohypophyseal tract,
209
,
210
f

Hypothalamus,
149
f
,
153
,
208–213
,
209
f

control of water balance,
213

in female reproduction,
445

hormones,
209
,
211
t

influence on pituitary,
209
,
210
f

in temperature regulation,
90
,
358

in water balance,
337

Hypothenar muscles,
417
f

Hypothermia,
358
,
363

Hypothyroidism,
215
t
,
223

congenital,
223

Hypotonic solution,
25–26
,
26
f

Hypoventilation, alveolar,
264

Hypovolaemia,
363

Hypovolaemic shock,
111

Hypoxaemia,
253
,
255

Hypoxia,
59

acute hepatitis,
325

cerebral,
172
,
174–175

chronic, causing polycythaemia,
69

stimulating erythropoiesis,
60

I

Iatrogenic disease,
15

Idiopathic disease,
15

Ileocaecal valve,
293
,
297–298
,
297
f

Ileum,
293
,
293
f

Ileus, paralytic,
322

Iliac crest,
398
,
398
f
,
399
f

Iliac fossa,
47
f

Iliacus muscle,
415
f
,
418

Iliofemoral ligament,
407
,
407
f

Iliohypogastric nerve,
162
,
162
f
,
164
f
,
165
f

Ilioinguinal nerve,
162
,
162
f
,
165
f

Iliopectineal line,
399
f

Ilium,
398
,
398
f
,
399
f

Illness, study of,
14–15

Immobilisation,
421

Immune complexes,
367
,
374
,
375f

Immune response,
13
,
372

abnormal,
15
,
374–377

depressed,
122

primary,
372
,
372
f

secondary,
372–373
,
372
f

splenic function,
132

Immunisation

active,
373

antibody responses,
372–373
,
372
f

passive,
373

Immunity,
369–373

acquired,
372–373
,
373
f

active,
372–373

antibody-mediated (humoral),
370
,
371–372

artificial,
373

cell-mediated,
370

lymphatic system function,
129

natural,
373

passive,
372–373

Immunodeficiency,
376–377

primary,
376

secondary,
376

Immunoglobulin A (IgA),
372
t

Immunoglobulin D (IgD),
372
t

Immunoglobulin E (IgE),
372
t
,
374

Immunoglobulin G (IgG),
372
t

Immunoglobulin M (IgM),
372
t

Immunoglobulins,
56
,
371–372

passive immunisation,
373
See also
Antibodies

Immunological memory,
366
,
370

Immunological surveillance,
369

Impetigo,
362

Inborn errors of metabolism,
435–436

Incisional hernia,
321

Incisor teeth,
284
,
284
f
,
285
f